# Tafukt (itri)

**Tafukt**  |  |
|  **Isefka n wannay**  |
| Isig n umaccaq  ɣef tegnit  | 1.496× 10⁸ km  8 n tesdatin, 19 n tsinin s ufawatay |
| Azal amaskad (*V*) | −26.74 |
| Azal amagdez | 4.83 |
| Asesmel aylalan | G2V |
| Tamaɣuzt | *Z* = 0.0122 |
| Akdu uɣmir | 31.6′ – 32.7′ |
|  **Tiskanin timezzayin**  |
| Isig n umaccaq ɣef wammas n umazellaw  | ~2.5×1017 km 26000 ifawatayen |
| Tanzagt tamazallawt | (2.25–2.50)×108 iseggasen inafuken |
| Arured | ~220 km/s (deg tmezzit ɣef wammas n umazellaw) ~ 20|km/s (Isig n tazzla s wassaɣ ɣer yitran yudsen) ~370|u=km/s (s wassaɣ ɣer wammar n tudfirt amikṛuwan) |
|  **Tiskanin tisengamin**  |
| Isig n ukdu | 1.392684 km |
| Aqqaṛ asbegsan | 6.96342 km 109 × tagnit |
| Tamezza tasbegsant | 4.379 km 109 × tagnit |
| Tigni | 9×10−⁶ |
| Tajumma n tiggi | 6.0877 km² 11990 × tagnit |
| Ableɣ | 1.412 × 10¹⁸ km³ 1300000 × tagnit |
| Takura | 1.9891 × 10³⁰ kg 333000 × tagnit |
| isig n tneẓẓi | 1.408 × 10³ km/m³ |
| Tineẓẓi | ammas : 1.622 × 10⁵kg/m³ Afutusfir adday: 2×10-⁴ kg/m³ Krumusfir adday: 5×10−⁶ kg/m³ izɣuɣ ( isig ): 1×10−¹² kg/m3 |
| Taldayt n tjumma deg uzirig n usebges | 274.0 m/s² 27.94 g 28 × tagnit |
| Tazzla n teslullit (seg tjumma) | 617.7 km/s 55 × tegnit |
| Taẓɣelt | Ammas ~1.57× 10⁷C Photosphere): 5778 C Kruna: ~5 × 10⁶ C |
| Asfijjej (Ltafukt) | 3.846 × 10²⁶ wat ~3.75 × 10²⁸ Lunen ~98 Lumen/wat  |
| isig n waffa (I) | wat/m−²·Stirdyan -¹ |
| Addar | 4.57 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen |
|  **Tisekna timazzayin** |
| Annuz agellusan | 7.25° (seg Ecliptic) 67.23° (to the uswir n umazellaw) |
| Aluy amaɣad seg tiglezt n ugafa | 286.13° 19 h 4 min 30 s |
| Annuz Seg tiglezt n ugafa | +63.87° 63° 52' s agafa |
| Tasnallant Tanzagt n tuzzya (deg usebges) | 25.05 wussan |
| (deg tehri n 16° ) | 25.38 wussan 25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s |
| (deg tzeglin) | 34.4 wussan |
| Tazzla n tuzzya (deg usebges) | 7.189× 10³km/t |
| **Isegra n Tugnakurt** |
| Hidṛujin | 73.46% |
| Hilium | 24.85% |
| Uksijin | 0.77% |
| Kaṛbun | 0.29% |
| Uzzal | 0.16% |
| Neyon | 0.12% |
| Aẓut | 0.09% |
| Silisium | 0.07% |
| Magnisyum | 0.05% |
| Akebri | 0.04% |
| Cette boîte : ẓeṛ • amyan. • bed. |

**Tafukt** neɣ **Iṭij** (azamul-is: ) d yiwen n yitri id-yezgan di tlemnast n unagraw afuyan, temmug amzun d tawinest (tadewṛant), tegber seg plasma iẓeɣlen, yerna tesmunned (temcubbak) yakk d yiger adekran.
Akdu-ines ila (yesɛa) azal n 1,392,684 km, ayen yegdan 109 n tikkal n ukdu n tegnit, ma d takura-ines 2×1030 kg, ayen yegdan 330,000 n tikkal n tkura n tegnit neɣ ayen i d-issiliɣen 99.86% n tkura n unagraw anafuk s timmad-is.

Tafukt d yiwet seg yitran n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan igebren seg wugar 200 n imelyaṛen n yitran
Dɣa amazellaw-a s iman-is yeṭṭafar tagrawt n imazellawen niḍen yettusemman s tagrawt tadigant, anda tajumma tanamdalt i teṭṭef tegrawt-a d tawinest azgen n ukdu-ines yettawaṭ ar 10 n imelyan n ifawatayen (iseggasen inafaten).

Ma deg wayen yezzin ɣef tekrura, ad naf ahidṛujin d win i d-issiliɣen kṛad n imkuẓen (¾) n isegra n tkura tanafukt. Ma d ayen i d-yegran, amur ameqqran deg-s d ahilium yakk d wazal n 1,69% n iferdisen iẓayanen am weksujin d usinuksid n ukaṛbun d neyon d wuzzal d iferdisen niḍen.
Tafukt teṭṭafar taggayt n igezlanen iwraɣen s unect n usesmel atraw isennden ɣef tissiwin tiggwanin. S udday, s unect n usesmel atraw, azmul G2 yemmal-d taẓɣelt n tiggi yettawṭen ɣer 5778° C, ma d azamul V d akken tafukt d itri n welkem agejdan. Dɣa imesnallunen ttmeggizent d akken tafuwt d itri meẓẓiyen s wassaɣ, akken i ttɣilen d akken (tafukt) d tin yettfeǧǧijen ugar n 85% n yitran n wasif n igenwan igan deg tuget n tegnatin d igezlanen izeggaɣen. Azal amagdez n tfukt d win issawaṭen ɣer 4.83, dɣa d tafukt i d tafekka tagnnant yettfeǧǧijen yakk s waṭas deg tegnawt n tegnit s wazal amaskad issawṭen ɣer −26.74.
Tamrest n tfukt tetteẓẓel s teɣlel deg tallunt, ayen i d-issiliɣen aṭu anafuk igan d tizelɣiwin tuzdimin yeẓẓlen seg yiri n uhiliusfir ɣer wazal n 100 tiggtin tisnullanin, ahilyusfur-a yessiliɣ-d tamuski tamanṭaṭ i meqqren yakk deg unagraw anafuk.dɣa ammas agratraw yeččaray s waṭu anafuk.

Tafukt tettnwiwil (tettḥerrik) deg usigna agratraw adigan i d-izgan deg tama n tlilect tadigant ɣef yiri agensuy n yiɣil n umanar igan d yiwen seg yiɣallen atliwen n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan.

Tafukt tezga-d deg wedras wis 4 deg wayen yezzin ɣef tkura n 50 n yitran yudsen ɣer tegnit (itran i d-izgan deg usutem n 17 n ifawatayen ɣef tegnit), anda itri yudsen yakk ɣer tegnit seld n tfukt iga d procima Centauri yaggugin (ibeɛden) s 4,2 n ifawatayen.

Timezzit tamazallawt n tfukt taggug (tebɛed) ɣef wammas amazallaw s kra n 24,000 ar 26.000 n yifawatayen yerna tsemmed (tettkemmil) yiwen n useggas amazallaw (akken i d-ittbin deg yimsidag n umazallaw) azal n 225 ɣer 250 n imelyan n iseggasen.

Amussu d unwiwel n tfukt s tazzla n 370 km/t ɣer tnila n tezdemt n weyrad neɣ ɣer tezdemt n tenhawt d win i d-yettilin mya amazallaw yettnwiwel s talɣa tamazgayt yakk d wammar n tudfirt amikṛuwan s tazzla n 550 kmt.
Isig n westum gar n tfukt d tegnit d win igan azal n 149.6 n imelyan km. Imusnawen ttɣilen d akken astum-a yettbeddil s unwiwel n tegnit seg uceffalu ɣer ufafuk, Tafat d tin i d-ittfakkan tikli n usutem-a deg 8 n tesdatin d 9 n tsinin, Tafasa n uzenzar anafat n tfukt d tin i d-ittaken tudert s temhalt n tugnaddast,, akken daɣen i d-tgellu s unezwu d tignewt, Tigelsin n tfukt d tid yettwassnen deg tegnit seg tallit n uzarmezruy anda aṭas n iɣerfan d wadlisen meggzen tafukt d yellu.

## Tiskanin timuta

Tugna s yiniten isaflawen tettwasseknew s unegjenjaṛ tesskanay-d affaw seg telmest C (tama tamellalt deg wamur azelmaṭ afellay)
Tafukt d itri yeṭṭafaren talmest n welkam agejdan G, Takura-ines tessiliɣ-d azal n 99.8632% seg tkura n wudus anafuk ma d talɣa-ines cki-tt d tuzza (meḥsub d tamduṛant) anda akdu deg tizgelt d win yemgaraden ɣef ukdu deg usebges s 10 km kan. Mya tafukt tga deg waddad n plasma anecta yennumk d akken-it tetezzi s urured deg usebges ugar n wayen i d-ttezzi deg tzeglin, dɣa tikeli ayi tettwassen s tuzzya tamgirdant, anecta igellu-d s tseddimt d unwiwel n tkura s usrag n wuẓeẓ meqqren deg teẓɣelt seg weɣyay ɣer beṛṛa. Takura ayi tettaddam kra seg yimir amussay.

Tallit tufrint n tuzzya n tfukt tettaṭṭaf 25,6 n wussan deg usebges-is d 33,5 n wussan deg tzeglin-is. Ma d tallit n tuzzya tamaskadt deg usebges teṭṭafaf 28 n wussa.
Asemdu n tdusi tuẓẓlammast n tuzzya ayi talwayant tga 18 n imelyan n tikkal ddaw n tdusi n teldayt tajummant deg usebges. Yerna tadusi n tndeffert n yimtiwgen d tis ur nli ara (ur nesɛi ar) asemdu meqqren, ɣef wanect-a ur ssemduyen ara ɣef tfukt.

## Tafat n tfukt

Imtiwgen igazawen icafcalen n tfukt: Yebter, Awihad, Uṛanus yakk d Niftun (ibelɣen s yimsektayen imassaɣen)
Tafat n tfukt d aɣbalu agejdan n tfasa deg tegnit ma d iɣbula niden gan d tinegwa tisinsinin deg wuln tegnit, dɣa tinegwa ayi tisinsinin gant d aɣbalu tarakaẓɣalt n tegnit i d-ittilin s tsedmirin tiɣisanin.

Timezgit tanafukt d tasmekta n tfasa i d-ttak tfukt i wfimidi n tigget n tjumma yettwafsaren srid i tafat n tfukt., Timezgit tanafukt n tjumma ɣef wuggug n tigget tasnullant yegda uggug n tegnit ɣef tfukt (azal n 1368 wat/m)2
Tignut n tegnit d tin yettekkayen deg usifes n tafat n tfukt s wakka ad tili tfasa i d-ittawaṭen seg tfukt tudes ɣer 1000 wat/m2 deg tegnatin tigamanin neɣ mi ara ad tili tfukt deg tdeɣra n umeddu.

Aɣelluy n tfukt seg tegnit
Asemres n tfasa tanafukt d ayen izemren ad yili s waṭas n tarrayin timguranin d tgamanin. Amedya, tamhalt n tugnaddast d tin i d-igerrun tafasa seg tfult w ad tt-iterr d tafasa takrurant. Ihi tamhelt-a d yiwet seg temhalin i d-ittilin s tarrayt tagamant deg tegnit. Akken i yezmer ad yili usemres n tafat n tfukt i wfares n tfasa tazrurant s useẓɣel usrid neɣ s turrit n tafat ɣer tzarurt (trisiti) s usemres n tekwafukin.

## Isegran

Timsengelt n yiniten d uleggen n umussu n tfukt s tamawt n STEREO.
Tafukt tegber seg uhidṛjin d uhilium. Deg tallit-a seg tudert-is sgensisen-d 74,9% d 23,8% seg tkura n tfukt deg tegnignut. ma d iferdisen iẓayanen yakk ittwasemman imɣuzen sgensisen-d ddaw n 2% seg takura-ines yakk d weksujin s wazal n 1% d ukaṛbun 0,3% d Neon 0,2% d wuzzal 0,2%.

Tasuddest takrurant taẓaṛant n tfukt d tin i d-immugen deg wammas agratraw, anda deg tazwara tella tegber seg 71.1% n uhidṛujin, 27.4% n uhilium d 1.5% seg yimɣuzen niden. Dɣa ahidṛujin d wamur ameqran seg uhilium yellan di tfukt ttwafarsen-d s temhalt n tseddɣisant deg 20 n tesdatin timenza n usedday, iferdisen iẓayanen llan ttwafarsen-d sɣur tisutiwin yezrin n yitran send n tlallit n tfukt sin akin nfufden deg wammas agratraw deg talliyin tineggura n tudert tatrawt yakk d inelfuyen (ineḍruyen) am supernuva.

Mira (yiwen n ucafcal azeggaɣ) deg tezdemt n uɣaɣa.
Seg wass mi i d-tennulfa tfukt, tamhelt n wezday tagejdant tegber ɣef urway n uhidṛujin yakked uhilium ɣef teɣzi n 4,6 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yezrin, takur-a d tansa n uhilium s agensu n tfukt d tid yenbeddalen kra kra. S agensu n weɣyay, yuli ufimidi n uhilium seg 24% ɣer 60% s usrag n wefsay. Ma d kra niden n uhilium d iferdisen iẓayanen rekdrn deg tegnignut ɣer tnila n wul n tfukt s usrag n teldayt. Ma yella d ifimidiyen n yimɣuzen ur nbeddalen ara.

Yettili-d usembiwel n teẓɣelt ɣer uzɣar (beṛṛa) n wul n tfukt s uzenzar deg wadeg n usseẓɣel, s wakka ur d-ittili ara usali n wefsay ɣer wezɣar s weẓɣal maca ad yeqqim deg weɣyay, Aɣyay agensaw n uhilium yebda yettmag-d kra kra yerna azday-is mači d ayen izemren ad yili acku ul n tfukt imir-a ur yeẓɣil ur yelli d aneẓẓaw s tesmekta ara ad yezdin ahilium. Ma deg tugnignut n tura yettili-d usedres deg uhilium (d yiferdisen iẓayanen) anda i d-issiliɣ 84% seg wayen yella deg tallit tamezwarut send ma ad tebdu temhelt n wezday aɣisan deg wul.
Deg yimal, ahilium ad ismed (ad ikemmel) asemnenni deg wul n tfukt, asemnenni ayi d tmerniwt-a ad teglu s tuffɣa n tfukt seg welkam agejdan i wakken ad tuɣal d acafcal azeggaɣ, anecta seld n 5 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen.

Tasuddest takrurant n tugnignut deg tuget n tegnatin d tin yemmerwasen i wsileɣ n wudus anafuk amenzu. Akat n tyawant n iferdisen iẓayanen n tfasa tanafukt s usemres n tesledt taylalant i tugnignut n tfukt yakk d wakat n tyawant deg iseffuden ur yettwaseẓɣlen ara ula deg teẓɣelt n usefsi. Imusnawen ttɣilem d akken iseffuden ttagẓen s usileɣ n yitrazwar ɣef wanect-a ur tettwasemdu ara s usbeddi n iferdisen iẓayanen. Akken illant snat n tarrayin mtawan fell-asent deg wayen yezzin ɣef usileɣ anafuk:

* **Tagrawt tasemdant n iferdisen n wuzzal ittwa-ion-in**:

Deg useggas n 1970, kkrent-d waṭas n tegmayin yessezdyen ɣef tegmi ɣef isezdiyen n tegrawin n wuzzal deg tfukt. ɣas akken tigmayin-a wwint-d igemmuden igerrzen maca aguccel n isezdiyen n kra n iferdisen n tegrawt n wuzzal (Akubalt d umegnisyum) qqimen mrayen (weɛṛen) s usrag n tmuski-nsen tanegt n tseddi, alammi d aseggas n 1978.
Deg useggas n 1962 tennulfa-d tegmi tummidt tamezwarut i tezrawt n tdisiwin n umcalay ɣef yiferdisen n tegrawt tasemdant n wuzzal ittwa-ion-in, ttwasidnen-t deg useggas n 1976. ma deg useggas n 1978 ttwasuddmen-d isezdiyen n yiferdisen n tegrawt n wuzzal ittwa-ion-in.

* **Assaɣ ger n tfukt d yimtiwgen deg wayen yezzin ɣef ucellex n tkura**:

Aṭas n imusnawen qellden ɣef tilin n wassaɣ deg userẓu akuran gar tsuddisin n yinyaten inafuken d yigazen inagrazen, amedya amyaqqan ver n yinyaten imtiwganen d Neon d usinun deg tfukt d yimtiwgen.

Aɣili d akken tafukt tla (tesɛa) yiwet n tsuddest i d-tla tugnignut tanafukt d win yersan alammi d aseggas n 1983
Deg useggas n 1983 yettwadma d akken yella userẓu deg tfukt s usrag n wassaɣ aseẓran gar n tsuddisin n yinyaten n yimtiwgen d wezwu anafuk i cekkṭen igazen inagrazen., ma yella send n useggasa, yella yettuɣil d akken tafukt s timmad-is tla yiwet n tsuddest n tzugnut tanafukt.

## Tamuski d tɣessa

## Iger adekran

## Timezziyin tinafukin

## Allus n tudert n tfukt

### Asileɣ

Tamhazt n tfukt d usfijjej anafuk d waqqar-ines d teẓɣelt-is s wassaɣ ɣer tura.
Tafukt tettwasileɣ-d send n 4,57 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen s usrag n uɣelluy n wamur n yiwen n usignew axeclawan acafcal yellan yegber - deg tuget-is - seg uhidṛujin d uhilyum, yerna yezmer ad yili usignew-a ittwasileɣ-d seg yitran niḍen. Dɣa addar-a yettwasteg s usenned ɣer usmudem s usemres n uselkim i westag n takkayt tatrawt. Tizrawin ɣef yiseffuden imziken snarment-d idrizen n yiɣwawen irekden seg yinyaten meẓẓiyen deg waddar am wuzzal-60 i d-yettmagen deg yiderḍqen meẓẓiyen n yitran. Anecta yemmal-d d akken yessefk ad yeṭṭerḍeq yiwen n Supernova neɣ sin zdat n wadeg anda i d-tettwasileɣ tfukt. D amedwal d akken tamdeswelt n tneggest i d-yemmugen seg uṭerḍeq n Supernova d nettat i yeǧǧan tafukt ad tettwasileɣ s wadad n igazen yellan deg usignew axeclawan, s akin tegla-d s yiwen n uɣelluy s agensu n usignew deg kra n tama s ddaw n usemdu-ines.
Amur yennebran seg usignew yeɣlin yebda itezzi s usrag n taggaẓt n yimir uɣmir, sin akin terna teẓɣelt-is tettali yakked d walluy n wadad-is, anecta yakk yegla-d s umsegrew n tuget n tkura deg wammas-is, deg wakud anda i yufeg wayen i d-yezgan s azɣar (ɣer beṛṛa) n wagra, ayen i d-issalɣen imtiwgen d tfekkiwin yemgaraden n unagraw anafuk. Addad d teẓɣelt deg weɣyay n usignew yennebran urwen-d takrura meqqren seg teẓɣelt, akken i d-yuffes wugar n igazen deg waẓi n wegra. Di taggara, anecta yegla-d s beddu n tsedmirin tiɣisanin i d-iglan s tlalit n tfukt.

## Anwiwel n tfukt d tmersiwt-ines deg umazellaw

## Imniren