# Perang Lempongan

**Perang Lempongan** utawi **Perang Lempongan Pèrsi** (2 Agustus 1990 – 28 Fèbruari 1991) inggih punika konflik antawis Iraq lan Pasukan koalisi saking 35 nagari ingkang dipunidinaken déning PBB (UN) lan dipunpimpin mliginipun déning Amérikah Sarékat kanggé mbébasaken Kuwait.

Perang tuwuh amargi invasi Irak dhateng Kuwait wonten ing tanggal 2 Agustus, 1990. Agresi Irak punika lajeng dipunbales kanthi sanksi ékonomi déning PBB dhumateng Irak. Intervensi nganggé gaman saking internasional dipunwiwiti ing wulan January 1991 lan ngasilaken kamenangan kanggé wadyabala koalisi, ingkang nggiring wadyabala Irak medal saking Kuwait kanthi kurban ingkang sakedhik. Pertempuran udara lan dharat dumados wonten ing palagan Irak, Kuwait, lan tlatah tapel wates Saudi Arabia. Irak ugi ngluncuraken peluru kendhali missiles dhumateng sasaran-sasaran ing Saudi Arabia lan Israèl.
Amargi Perang Iran-Irak ing taun 1980-88 sampun kadhung dipunwastani "Perang Lempongan " utawi "Perang Lempongan Pèrsi" déning sumber-sumber berita, pramila perang taun 1991 punika lajeng dipunwastani ''Perang Lempongan II'', utawi langkung umum kasebat Perang Lempongan kémawon, déné perang ingkang kadadosan taun 1980 dipunwastani Perang Lempongan Kapisan. *Operation Desert Storm* was the U.S. name of the air and land operations and is often used to refer to the conflict.

Rencana Operasi Desert Sabre.
## Kekiatan ingkang Adu arep

Nem dinten sasampunipun invasi Irak ing Kuwait wonten ing 2 Agustus, 1990, Amérika Sarikat miwiti nggelar pasukanipun wujud wadyabala dharat, Angkatan Seganten Marinir, Angkatan Udara lan Penjaga Pasisir dhateng Saudi Arabia(Operation Desert Shield), sauntawis nyuwun kanthi sanget supados nagari sanès inggih purun ngintun pasukanipun. Operasi Badai Ara-ara dipunwiwiti kaping 17 Januari, 1991, kanthi kalih welas nagari sampun ngintun Angkatan Seganten, nggabung kaliyan pasuka Saudi Arabia, nagari Lempongan sanèsipun. lan wadyabala Angkatan Seganten Amérika Sarikat, ingkang nggelar enem armada kapal indhuk; wolung nagari sampun ngintun wadyabala dharat, nggabung kaliyan wadyabala saking Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, lan Uni Emirat Arab, ugi pitulas brigade awrat lan enem brigade alit saking Angkatan Dharat Amérika Sarikat. Army lan sangang resimen Marinir, kanthi sadaya pendhukungipun,; lan sekawan nagari sampun ngintun montor mabur tempur, nggabung kaliyan Angkatan Udara Kuwait, Qatar, lan Saudi Arabia, lan ugi Angkatan Udara Amérika Sarikat, penerbangan Angkatan Seganten lan Marinir Amérika Sarikat kanthi total 2,430 montor mabur sayap tetap utawi fixed-wing aircraft.

Saking péhak Irak, dipungelar sawatawis kapal *gunboat* lan montor mabur kanthi peluru kendhali alit kanggé ngadhepi armada koalisi; nanging suwalikipun, kinten-kinten 1.2 yuta wadyabala dharat kanthi kirang langkung 5,800 tank, 5,100 kendharaan lapis waja sanèsipun, lan 3,850 artileri kanggé nedahaken kakuatan dharat ingkang pinunjul.. Kanthi 750 montor mabur penenmpur lan pembom, 200 montor mabur sanèsipun, lan ngadelaken pertahanan peluru kendhali lan mriem, kakuatan udara Irak ugi cekap mbebayani. Nanging bab kualitas prajurit lan peralatan wadyabala Irak pancèn akgolong kirang saé.

### Panggelaran Pasukan

| **List of Coalition forces by number of troops** |
| --- |
| Country | Number of Troops | Comments / Major Events |
|  United States | 575,000-697,000 | Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Battle of 73 Easting Battle of Al Busayyah Battle of Phase Line Bullet Battle of Medina Ridge Battle of Wadi Al-Batin Battle of Norfolk Operation Desert Storm. |
|  Saudi Arabia | 52,000-100,000 | Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Operation Desert Storm |
|  United Kingdom | 43,000-45,400 | Operation Desert Shield Operation Granby Operation Desert Storm |
|  Egypt | 33,600-35,000 | Operation Desert Storm |
|  France | 14,600 | Opération Daguet |
|  Syria | 14,500 | Operation Desert Storm |
|  Morocco | 13,000 |  |
|  Kuwait | 9,900 | Operation Desert Storm |
|  Oman | 6,300 | Operation Desert Storm |
|  Pakistan | 4,900-5,500 |  |
|  United Arab Emirates | 4,300 | Operation Desert Storm |
|  Qatar | 2,600 | Battle of Khafji |
|  Bangladesh | 2,200 |  |
|  Canada | 2,000 | Operation FRICTION |
|  Italy | 1,200 |  |
|  Australia | 700 | Operation Habitat |
|  Netherlands | 600 |  |
|  Niger | 600 |  |
|  Spain | 500 |  |
|  Senegal | 500 |  |
|  Belgium | 400 |  |
|  Bahrain | 400 |  |
|  Argentina | 300 |  |
|  Afghanistan | 300 |  |
|  Greece | 200 |  |
|  South Koréa | 200 |  |
|  Poland | 200 | Operation Simoom |
|  Dhènemarken | 100 |  |
|  Hungary | 50 |  |
|  Norway | 50 |  |

## Bibliografi

* Felicity Arbuthnot. "Allies Deliberately Poisoned Iraq Public Water Supply In Gulf War". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. September 17, 2000. Sunday Herald (Scotland)
* Rick Atkinson and Ann Devroy. "U.S. Claims Iraqi Nuclear Reactors Hit Hard". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. Jan 12, 1991. Washington Post.
* Mitchell Bard. "The Gulf War". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 3 June 2004. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. Jewish virtual library.
* William Blum. "*Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II*". Diarsip saka asliné ing 2000-09-17. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. 1995. Common Courage Press. ISBN 1-56751-052-3
* Christoper Bolkom and Jonathan Pike. "*Attack Aircraft Proliferation: Areas for Concern*". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 11 March 2016. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.
* Miland Brown. *First Pèrsin Gulf War* Archived 2007-01-21 at the Wayback Machine.
* Daniel Forbes. "Gulf War crimes?". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 15, 2000. Salon Magazine.
* T. M. Hawley. *Against the Fires of Hell: The Environmental Disaster of the Gulf War*. 1992. ISBN 0-15-103969-0.
* Dilip Hiro. *Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War*. 1992. Routledge.
* Ronald Andrew Hoskinson and Norman Jarvis. *Gulf War Photo Gallery*"*Gulf War Photo Gallery*". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 29 December 2005. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. 1994.
* Gilles Kepel. "From the Gulf War to the Taliban Jihad." *Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam.* 2002.
* Jon Latimer. *Deception in War*, London: John Murray, 2001 ISBN 0-7195-5605-8
* Allan Little. "Iraq coming in from the cold?". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. December 1, 1997. BBC.
* John MacArthur. "*Independent Policy Forum Luncheon Honoring*". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.
* Alan Munro. *Arab Storm: Politics and Diplomacy Behind the Gulf War* I.B. Tauris. 2006. ISBN 1-84511-128-1.
* Naval Historical Center. "The United States Navy in Desert Shield/Desert Storm". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 15, 1991.
* Wright, Steven. *The United States and Pèrsin Gulf Security: The Foundations of the War on Terror*, Ithaca Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-86372-321-6
* Larry A. Niksch and Robert G. Sutter. "Japan's Response to the Pèrsin Gulf Crisis: Implications for U.S.-Japan Relations". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 23, 1991. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
* Paul William Roberts, *The Demonic Comedy: In the Baghdad of Saddam Hussein Archived 2007-11-10 at the Wayback Machine.*
* Micah Sifry and Christopher Cerf. *The Gulf War Reader*. 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1947-5.
* Jean Edward Smith, *George Bush's War*, New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1992.
* Peter Turnley. "The Unseen Gulf War (photo essay)". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. December 2002.
* Paul Walker and Eric Stambler. "...and the dirty little weapons". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 3 February 2007. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. 1991. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol 47, Number 4.
* Andre Gunder Frank. "Third World War in the Gulf: A New World Order". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 20, 1991. Political Economy Notebooks for Study and Research, no. 14, pp. 5-34.
* PBS Frontline. "The Gulf War: an in-depth examination of the 1990-1991 Pèrsin Gulf crisis". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.
* "Report to Congress on the Conduct of the Pèrsin Gulf War, Chapter 6". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2 February 2007. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.

## Ugi pirsani

* Gulf War
* : Invasi Irak 2003
* : Dodolan gaman dhateng Irak
* : Tentara Inggris
* : Perang Lempongan boten kadadosan
* : Medhali Perang Lempongan
* : Sindroma Perang Lempongan
* : Garis Wekdal Perang Lempongan
* : Margi kangé pejah
* En:Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 1990-1996, 1997-2000, 2001-2003
* : Perang Irak
* : Konflik Timur Tengah
* : Sajarah Militer
* : Sajarah Militer AS
* : Perlengkapan Militer Perang Lempongan
* : Tank Babylon
* : Operasi Simomm

### Film bab Perang Lempongan

* *Bravo Two Zero*
* *En:Courage Under Fire*
* *The Finest Hour*
* *Jarhead*
* *En:Lessons of Darkness*
* *En:Live From Baghdad*
* *Heroes of Desert Storm*
* *Three Kings*
* *En:In the Army Now (saleresipun filem bab pertempuran fiktif antawis wadyabala AS lan wadyabala Libya ingkang nyerang Chad)*

### Video game magepokan kaliyan Perang lempongan

* *Super Battletank War in the Gulf*
* *En:Gulf War: Operation Desert Hammer*
* En:Conflict: Desert Storm
* En:Conflict: Desert Storm 2(back to Baghdad)
* Patriot
* En:Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem

## Réferènsi

## Pranala njawi

* Desert-Storm.com Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. Online Community For Desert-Storm Veterans. Information resource about the war.
* Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the Gulf War Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine.
* CBC Digital Archives - The 1991 Gulf War