# Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl

| **Angkatan Pertahanan Israel** |
| --- |
|   |
| **Cacahing anggota militer** |
| Umur dinas militer  | 18 tahun  |
| Gunggung kang ana | Lanang umur 15-49: 1.499.186 (perk. 2000)
 Wadon umur 15-49: 1.462.063 (perk. 2000) |
| Memenuhi syarat dinas kamiliteran | Lanang umur 15-49: 1.226.903 (perk. 2000)
 Wadon umur 15-49: 1.192.319 (perk. 2000) |
| Kang mencapai umur iki saben taun | Lanang: 50.348 (perk. 2000) Wadon: 47.996 (perk. 2000) |
| **Pengeluaran militer** |
| Gunggung jroning USD | $8,7 milyar (taun fiskal ‘99) |
| Persentase saka PDB  | 9,4% (tahun fiskal ‘99) |

**Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl** (basa Ibrani: צבא ההגנה לישראל *Tsva HaHagana LeYisrael* rungokna, *"[Tentara] Angkatan kanggo Pertahanan Israèl"*), kang sok dicekak nganggo cekakan basa Ibrani צה"ל Ts*a*h*a*l, utawa Tz*a*h*a*l, iku sebutan tumrap Israèl, kang dumadi saka Angkatan Dharat Israèl, Angkatan Udara Israèl lan Angkatan Sagara Israèl. sajeroning basa Inggris, cekakan kang kondhang ya iku **IDF** (*Israèli Defense Forces*).

## Sajarah

**Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl** diadegaké tanggal 14 Mèi 1948 ya iku wektu medegé nagara Israèl "kanggo nglindungi kang ndunungi Israèl lan nglawan kabèh wangun terorisme kang ngancam kauripan sadina-dina". **IDF** nggantèkaké Haganah (mligi, cabang operasionalé, Palmach) minangka militèr permanen saka nagara Yahudi iki. Ing sajeroné uga gabung unsur-unsur sadurungé saka Brigade Yahudi kang perang ing sangisoré gendéra Karajan Manunggal ing mangsa Perang Donya II. Sawisé diwangun IDF, loro organisasi gerilya Yahudi, Etzel lan Lehi gabung karo IDF sajeroning sawijining konfederasi longgar, nanging diizinaké operasi kanthi independen ing sawenèh sèktor nganti pungkasané Perang Arab-Israèl 1948. Sawisé iku, kaloro organisasi iki dibubarké, lan anggota-anggotané disawijèkaké sajeroning IDF. IDF modhèren diwangun ing periode antara 1949 nganti taun 1956 liwat pengalaman saka konflik-konflik regional karo tangga-tanggané.

### Struktur militèr

IDF dumadi saka organisasi kaya kang kacetha ing ngisor iki:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Kasenjataan
* **Komando Angkatan Dharat Israèl Korps Infantri
* Korps Kavaleri
* Korps Zeni
* Korps Artileri
* Korps Intelijen Lapangan
* Korps Adjutant
* Korps Peralatan
* Korps Logistik
* Korps K4I

* Angkatan Udara

* **Angkatan Udara Israèl Jaringan Pertahanan Udara Israèl

* Angkatan Sagara
* *Korps Sagara Israèl'*

Cawang
* **Staf Umum **Direktorat Operasi **Humas **Direktorat Intelijen Aman (IDF) Korps Intelijen Israèl]
* Sensor Militer Israèl]

 | * **Direktorat Personil Israèl Pulisi Militer Israèl
* Pendhidhikan lan Korps Pemuda
* Korps Umum
* Rohani
* Urusan Wanita

* **Direktorat Penrencanaan **Direktorat Jasa Komputer **Direktorat Teknoogi lan Logistik Korps Kasesehatan

Komando regional
* **Komando Lor **Komando Tengah **Komando Kidul **Komando Dalam Negri**

Organisasi liyané
* **Odituriat Jendral **Pengadilan Militer **Penasihat Kauangan **Koordinator aktivitas papréntahan ing wewengkon **Akademi Militer Kepala Perwira Cadangan
* **Sekretaris Militer saka Nayakotama**

  |

### Organ kagandhèng

Organisasi ing ngisor iki makarya bebarengan karo IDF, nanging ora (utawa mung sapérangan) ana sajeroné struktur IDF.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Pasukan Keamanan
* Komunitas Intelijen Israèl

* Shabak
* Mossad
* Dewan Keamanan Nasional Israèl

* Pulisi Israèl

* Pulisi Tapel Wates Israèl

* Pengamanan Penjara Israèl
* Pengamanan Knesset

 | Pengembangan
* Industri Militer Israèl
* Industri Pesawat israel
* Otoritas Pengembangan Persenjataan RAFAEL
* **Administrasi Pengembangan Senjata lan Teknologi Industri**

Pengawas
* **Comtroller Pertahanan **Direktur Jendral saka Mantri Pertahanan**

  |

### Sistem senjata

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| * Senjata ènthèng
	+ M16 senapan serbu
	+ M4 Carbine
	+ Tavor TAR-21 bullpup senapan serbu
		- "Refaim" pelontar granat
	+ Galil senapan serbu
	+ Uzi senapan mesin ènthèng
		- Micro Uzi
		- Para Micro Uzi
		- Mini Uzi
		- Uzi pistol
	+ IMI Negev light senapan mesin
	+ Jericho 941 "Baby Eagle" handgun
	+ T.C.I. M89-SR semi-auto bullpup sniper rifle (based on a M-36 Sardius rifle)
	+ SR-99 senapan rundhuk
	+ RCWS-*remote control weapon station*
	+ OWS-*overhead weapon station* (uga dikenal minangka "Mag Refael")
	+ Corner Shot (Joint U.S-Israèli)
* Lapis waja
	+ Merkava-Tank utama
		- Mk 1
		- Mk 2
		- Mk 3
		- Mk 3 Baz
		- Mk 3 LIC
		- Mk 4
		- Nammer ARV-Merkava
	+ Magah (upgraded M60 Patton)-Tank Utama
	+ Multi purpose tank-chassis based IFV
		- Puma-Combat engineering lapis waja
		- Achzarit-APC
		- NagmaShot-APC saka Tank Centurion
		- Nagmachon
		- Nakpadon
	+ Caterpillar D9
	+ Machbet-artileri
	+ Self-propelled, artileri
* Montor
	+ Abir
	+ Sufa
	+ Desert Raider
 | * Rokèt lan Misil
	+ Gil/Spike-ATGM (peluru kendhali anti-tank)
	+ Shifon-ATGM
	+ Jericho missile-misil balistik
	+ Shavit-misil satelit
	+ Rafael Python 4 lan Rafael Python 5-misil udara-udara
	+ Popeye (AGM-142)-misil udara-dharat
	+ Gabriel (misil anti kapal)
	+ Hetz (Arrow missile)-péranganing sistem pertahanan (misil balistik)
* Electronik lan Teknologi dhuwur
	+ Oren Yarok (Green Pine)-sistem radar
	+ Phalcon-sistem pengintai intelijen
	+ Satelit
		- Ofeq-(satelit pengintai)
		- Amos (Satelit Komunikasi)-(sipil, dianggo IDF)
	+ Katbam-prau tanpa awak
	+ LITENING targeting pod-jet pemburu tempur
	+ Pesawat pemburu McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom, McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle lan General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
	+ Barak Zoher-senjata anti tank
	+ Dolphin class submarine sistem Perang Elektronika
* Montor mabur
	+ Nesher jet tempur (upgraded Mirage V)
	+ Kfir fighter jet (upgraded and improved Mirage V)
	+ Nammer fighter jet (Mirage III)
	+ Lavi fighter jet (original design, prototype flown but project cancelled due to cost)
	+ Arava STOL pesawat transport medium
	+ Mazlat (pesawat pengintai tanpa awak)
* Senjata Angkatan Sagara
	+ Dabur/Dvora/Tsir'a/Yatush pesawat patroli
	+ Sa'ar-class kapal misil
		- Kapal misil klas Saar 2
		- Kapal misil klas Saar 3
		- Kapal misil klas Saar 4
		- Kapal misil klas Saar 4.5
		- Kapal misil klas Saar 5

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## Uga delengen

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Artikel bab IDF
* Sajarah Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl
* Pratélan tokoh militèr lan pahlawan perang Israèl
* Sesanti ékan IDF
* Pratélan brigade sajeroning Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl
* Pratélan basis Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl
* Pasukan Keamanan Israèl
* Pangkat sajeroning Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl
* Close to Home (filem)-2005
* Tank Sherman Pasca-perang
* Penembakan atas Qana (1996)
* Operasi Orchard (2007)

 | Artikel kagandhèng
* Teknologi lan perlengkapan militèr
* Konflik Arab-Israèl
* Lehi (kelompok)
* Proliferasi nuklir
* Pembangkang militèr Israèl
* Profil 21 (פרופיל 21)
* MK 22

  |

## Rujukan lan cathetan

* Rosenthal, Donna. *The Israèlis*. Free Press, 2003, ISBN 0-7432-7035-5

## Wacan

* (ing basa Ibrani) The IDF Official Website
* isayeret.com-The Israèli Special Forces Database
* The IDF Spirit - the ethical code of the IDF Archived 2006-04-30 at the Wayback Machine.
* Civil society under attack(detailing IDF) Archived 2006-06-22 at the Wayback Machine.
* Jerusalem volunteer Border Guard Archived 2011-02-08 at the Wayback Machine.
* IDF Code of Conduct Archived 2006-07-20 at the Wayback Machine.
* Israèli Armed Forces at Flags of the World
* *The Sword and the Olive*, Martin Van Creveld, ISBN 1-891620-05-3. A thorough and critical history of the IDF from the early defence leagues, and up to the late 1990s.
* FAS's page about Israèl's nuclear capability
* BBC: Israèl undercover
* Israèli Weapons Archived 2018-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.
* Isayeret.com: The Israèli Special Forces Database
* Statistics about IDF ratio of thwarting suicide bombing attacks (link to DOC file)
* Defense-Update Online Magazine
* Haaretz report: "From 40 attacks per quarter to 5 attacks per quarter":English Archived 2004-04-20 at the Wayback Machine.-Hebrew-Graph 1: Thwarted attacks (yellow) vs successful attacks (red)-Graph 2: Suicide bombing within the "green line" per quarter.
* War Online-military analysis and military history of the Middle East, especially IDF (Russian, English)
* The Israèli Military and Israèl's Palestinian Policy: From Oslo to the Al Aqsa Intifada Archived 2006-08-14 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Institute of Peace, Dhésèmber 2002