# Uranium

Uranium,  92U|  |
| General properties |
| Pangucapan | /j**[unsupported input]**eɪniəm/ ​(*ewr-AY-nee-əm*) |
| Wujud | Logam klawu semu pirak; kena oksidasi dadi ireng nalika kacambor karo udara |
| Bobot atom standar (*A*r, standard) | 7002238028910000000♠238.02891(3) |
| Uranium in the periodic table |
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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hydrogen |  | Helium |
| Lithium | Beryllium |  | Boron | Carbon | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Fluorine | Neon |
| Sodium | Magnesium |  | Aluminium | Silicon | Phosphorus | Sulfur | Chlorine | Argon |
| Potassium | Calcium | Scandium |  | Titanium | Vanadium | Chromium | Manganese | Iron | Cobalt | Nickel | Copper | Zinc | Gallium | Germanium | Arsenic | Selenium | Bromine | Krypton |
| Rubidium | Strontium | Yttrium |  |  | Zirconium | Niobium | Molybdenum | Technetium | Ruthenium | Rhodium | Palladium | Silver | Cadmium | Indium | Tin | Antimony | Tellurium | Iodine | Xenon |
| Caesium | Barium | Lanthanum | Cerium | Praseodymium | Neodymium | Promethium | Samarium | Europium | Gadolinium | Terbium | Dysprosium | Holmium | Erbium | Thulium | Ytterbium | Lutetium | Hafnium | Tantalum | Tungsten | Rhenium | Osmium | Iridium | Platinum | Gold | Mercury (element) | Thallium | Lead | Bismuth | Polonium | Astatine | Radon |
| Francium | Radium | Actinium | Thorium | Protactinium | Uranium | Neptunium | Plutonium | Americium | Curium | Berkelium | Californium | Einsteinium | Fermium | Mendelevium | Nobelium | Lawrencium | Rutherfordium | Dubnium | Seaborgium | Bohrium | Hassium | Meitnerium | Darmstadtium | Roentgenium | Copernicium | Nihonium | Flerovium | Moscovium | Livermorium | Tennessine | Oganesson |

 | Nd ↑ **U** ↓ (Uqb) |
| protaktinium ← **uranium** → neptunium |

 |

 |
| Atomic number (*Z*) | 92 |
| Group | group 3 |
| Period | period 7  |
| Blok | f-block  |
| Konfigurasi èlèktron | [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2 |
| Sipat angga |
| Phase at STP | padat |
| Melting point | 1405,3 K ​(1132,2 °C, ​2070 °F)  |
| Boiling point | 4404 K ​(4131 °C, ​7468 °F)  |
| Density (near r.t.) | 19,1 g/cm3 |
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 17,3 g/cm3  |
| Heat of fusion | 9,14 kJ/mol  |
| Heat of vaporization | 417,1 kJ/mol  |
| Molar heat capacity | 27,665 J/(mol·K)  |
| **Vapor pressure**

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 2325 | 2564 | 2859 | 3234 | 3727 | 4402 |

 |
| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states | **6**, 5, 4, 3 (Oksida basa lemah) |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1,38  |
| Atomic radius | empirical: 156 pm  |
| Covalent radius | 196±7 pm  |
| Van der Waals radius | 186 pm  |
|

|  |
| --- |
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**Spectral lines** |

 |
| Miscellanea |
| Crystal structure |  ​ortorombikOrtorombik crystal structure for uranium |
| Speed of sound  thin rod | 3155 m/s (at 20 °C)  |
| Thermal expansion | 13,9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)  |
| Thermal conductivity | 27,5 W/(m·K)  |
| Electrical resistivity | 0,280 µ Ω·m (at 0 °C)  |
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetik  |
| Young's modulus | 208 GPa  |
| Shear modulus | 111 GPa  |
| Bulk modulus | 100 GPa  |
| Poisson ratio | 0,23  |
| CAS Number | 7440-61-1  |
| Main isotopes of uranium |
|

| Iso­tope | Abun­dance | Half-life (*t*1/2) | Decay mode | Pro­duct |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 232U | syn | 68,9 thn | SF |  | — |
| α | 5,414 | 228Th |
| 233U | syn | 159.200 thn | SF | 197,93 | — |
| α | 4,909 | 229Th |
| 234U | 0,0054% | 245.500 thn | SF | 197,78 | — |
| α | 4,859 | 230Th |
| 235U | 0,7204% | 7.038×108 thn | SF | 202,48 | — |
| α | 4,679 | 231Th |
| 236U | Kelumit | 2,342×107 thn | SF | 201,82 | — |
| α | 4,572 | 232Th |
| 238U | 99,2742% | 4,468×109 thn | α | 4,270 | 234Th |
| SF | 205,87 | — |
| ββ |  |  |

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**Uranium** yakuwi sawijining unsur kimia jroning tabel périodik kang nduwèni lambang **U** lan nomer atom 92.
 yaiku wujud salah sijiné unsur kimia sajeroning tabel periodik kang duwèni lambang U lan nomer atom 92. Salah sijiné logam abot, beracun, wernané putih rodok pérak lan radioaktif alami, uranium kalebu ing sèri aktiinida (*actinide series*). isotopé 235U digunakaké minangka bahan bakar reaktor nuklir lan senjata nuklir. Uranium racaké ana ing watu-watunan nanging cacahé sithik, uga ana ing lemah, banyu, wit-witan, lan kéwan (kalebu manungsa).
Uranium wujud unsur logam radioaktif kanthi titik lebur 1.1.50 C lan titik umob 3.818C. Uranium tinemu ing taun 1789 déning M. Klaproth. Uranium sumberé saka mineral, kaya ta kerpu uranium(uranit), karnotit, lan wiji liyané. Panggunaan uranium dhéwé yaiku minangka kanggo keramik, pigmen gelas, fotografi lan analisis kimia.

Uranium ndarbèni 92 proton lan 92 elektron, lan elektron valensi 6. inti uranium ngiket akèhé 141 nganti 146 neutron, saéngga ana 6 isotop uranium. isotop kang paling umum yaiku uranium 238 (146 neutron) lan uranium 235 (143 neutron). Kabèh isotop uranium ora stabil lan sipaté radioaktif endèk. Uranium Nduwèni bobot atom paling abot kapindho ing antarané kabèh unsur-unsur kimia kang bisa tinemu kanthi alami. Masa jinis uranium kira-kira 70% luwih gedhé daripada timbel, nanging ora sepadet emas utawa tungsten. Uranium bisa tinemu kanthi alami ing konsèntrasi éndek ing lemah, wewatuan, lan banyu.

Uranium kang bisa ditemoni kanthi alami yaiku uranium 238 (99,2742%), uranium-235 (0,7204%), sekelumit uranium-234 (0,0054%). Uraanium meluruh kanthi alon kanti mancaraké partikel alfa. Umur paruh uranium 238 yiku 4,47 miliyar taun, wondéné kanggo uranium 235 yaiku 704 taun. Mangka saka iku, uranium bisa minangka ngerténi umuré bumi.

Uranium 235 wujud siji-sijiné isotop unusur kimia alami kang sipaté fisil (yaiku bisa nahan reaksi beranté ing fusi nuklir), wondéné uranium 238 bisa didadèkaké fisil nggunakaké neutron rikat. Saliyané iku, uranium 238 uga bisa ditransmutasikaké dadi plutonium-239 kang sipaté fisil sajeroning reaktor nuklir. Isotop uranium liyané kang uga sipaté fisil yaiku uranium 233 kang dikasélaké saka torium

## Mupangat Uranium

### Bahan Bakan Nuklir

Uranium yaiku bahan bakar nuklir kang wigati banget. Uranium 238 bisa diowah dadi Putonium. Kagunaan bahan bakar nuklir kanggo ngasélaké ènergi listrik, kanggo gawé isotop kang minangka tujuan damé, lan minangka peledak. Kapasitas 429 reaktor pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir ing donya kang beroprasi ing januari 1990 dikira-kira nganti 311.000 megawatt. uranium digunakaké sajeroning peralatan petunjuk inert, sajeroning kompas giro, miangka imbangan bobot kanggo lumah kontrol penerbangan.

### Proyektil

Sacra Kimiawi, uranium wujud logam abot kang wernané kepérakan. Salah sijiné uaranium isi 10 cm duwé massa nyedaki 20 kg lan kanthi umum 70% luwih padet katimbang timbal (timah ireng). Ing suhu 600 nganti 700 °C sajeroning tekanan kang dhuwur banget logam DU bakal empan dhéwé, mbentuk abluk *AerosolDU* kang sipaté èncèrlan panas banget. Lumrahé ing kalangan mliter DU iki digunakaké minangka senjata konvensional. Ora minangka bahan peledak nuklir, DU digunakaké minangka sanjata penembus, racaké digawé kanggo senjata Anti tank. Sejata iki bisa nembus baja kang kandel.

### Pelapis Kendaraan Tempur

Digunakaké déning militèr Amérika Sarékat minangka pelapis tank M1 Abrams, yaiku campuran antarané DU lan 0,7%Titanium.

## Deleng uga

* Depleted uranium
* Teknik nuklir
* Fisika nuklir
* Reaktor nuklir
* Senjata nuklir

## Réferènsi