# Baktèri

| Bakteri Kalamangsa: Cithakan:Long fossil range |
| --- |
|  |
| *Escherichia coli*, salah sawijining bakteri berbentuk batang |
| Klasifikasi ngèlmiah |
| Dhomain: | **Bacteria** Woese et al., 1990 |
| Filum |
| * **Gram positif**

Actinobacteria (G+C tinggi)
Firmicutes (G+C cendhèk)
Tenericutes (ora ana dinding)
* **Gram négatif**

Aquificae
Bacteroidetes/Fibrobacteres–Chlorobi (grup FCB)
Deinococcus-Thermus
Fusobacteria
Gemmatimonadetes
Nitrospirae
Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia/Chlamydiae (grup PVC)
Proteobacteria
Spirochaetes
Synergistetes
* **Tidak diketahui**

Acidobacteria
Chloroflexi
Chrysiogenetes
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacteres
Dictyoglomi
Thermodesulfobacteria
Thermotogae |
| Sinonim |
|
Eubacteria Woese & Fox, 1977 |

**Baktèri**, saka tembung Latin *bacterium* (jamak, *bacteria*), iku golongan raseksa saka organisme urip. Baktèri iku cilik banget (mikroskopik) lan akèh-akèhé unisèlular (sèl tunggal), kanthi struktur sèl sing rélatif prasaja tanpa nukleus/inti sel, cytoskeleton, lan organel liya kaya mitokondria lan kloroplas. Struktur sèl baktèri dijlentrèhaké luwih pepak sajeroning artikel ngenani prokariota, amarga baktèri minangka prokariota, kanggo mbédakaké saka organisme sing duwé sèl luwih komplèks, diarani eukariota. Jeneng "baktèri" wis ditrapaké kanggo kabèh prokariota utawa kanggo golongan gedhéné, gumantung marang panyaru ngenani gayutané.

Baktèri iku sing paling akèh saka kabèh organisme. Baktèri kasebar ing lemah, banyu, lan minangka simbiosis saka organisme liya. Akèh patogen wujud bakteri. Akèh saka baktèri, padatan ukurané mung 0,5-5 μm, sanajan ana jinis sing ukurané bisa nganti 0,3 mm ing dhiamèteré. Padatan duwé dinding sèl kaya ta kéwan lan jamur, nanging kanthi komposisi béda banget (peptidoglikan). Akèh obah nganggo flagela sing béda ing struktur saka flagela golongan liya.

#### Baktèri patogen

Minangka golongan bakteri parasit sing nimbulaké lelara ing manungsa, sato kéwan lan tetuwuhan.

Baktèri jalaran lelara ing manungsa:

| No. | Jeneng baktèri | Lelara sing ditimbulaké |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | *Salmonella typhosa* | Tipes |
| 2. | *Shigella dysenteriae* | Disentri basiler |
| 3. | *Vibrio comma* | Kolèra |
| 4. | *Haemophilus influenza* | Influensa |
| 5. | *Diplococcus pneumoniae* | Pneumonia (radhang paru-paru) |
| 6. | *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* | TBC paru-paru |
| 7. | *Clostridium tetani* | Tétanes |
| 8. | *Neiseria meningitis* | Meningitis (radhang selaput polo) |
| 9. | *Neiseria gonorrhoeae* | Gonorrhaeae (kencing nanah) |
| 10. | *Treponema pallidum* | Sifilis utawa Lues utawa raja singa |
| 11. | *Mycobacterium leprae* | Lépra (kusta) |
| 12. | *Treponema pertenue* | Puru utawa pathèk |

Baktèri jalaran lelara ing kéwan:

| No. | Jeneng baktèri | Lelara sing ditimbulaké |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | *Brucella abortus* | Brucellosis ing sapi |
| 2. | *Streptococcus agalactia* | Mastitis ing sapi (radang payudara) |
| 3. | *Bacillus anthracis* | Antraks |
| 4. | *Actinomyces bovis* | Bengkak rahang ing sapi |
| 5. | *Cytophaga columnaris* | Lelara ing iwak |

Baktèri jalaran lelara ing tetuwuhan:

| No. | Jeneng baktèri | Lelara sing ditimbulaké |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | *Xanthomonas oryzae* | Nyerang pucuk wit pari |
| 2. | *Xanthomonas campestris* | Nyerang tuwuhan kubis |
| 3. | *Pseudomonas solanacaerum* | Lelara alum sajeroning famili térong-térongan |
| 4. | *Erwinia amylovora* | Lelara bonyok ing woh-wohan |

## Uga delengen

* Bakteri kokus

## Réferènsi

## Pratélan pustaka

## Pranala njaba

* MicrobeWiki, an extensive wiki about bacteria and viruses
* Bacteria that affect crops and other plants
* Bacterial Nomenclature Up-To-Date from DSMZ Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
* Genera of the domain Bacteria – list of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
* The largest bacteria Archived 2012-12-11 at the Wayback Machine.
* Tree of Life: Eubacteria Archived 2014-10-21 at the Wayback Machine.
* Videos Archived 2015-11-05 at the Wayback Machine. of bacteria swimming and tumbling, use of optical tweezers and other videos.
* Planet of the Bacteria by Stephen Jay Gould
* On-line text book on bacteriology Archived 2008-09-13 at the Wayback Machine.
* Animated guide to bacterial cell structure.
* Bacteria Make Major Evolutionary Shift in the Lab
* Online collaboration for bacterial taxonomy. Archived 2014-04-15 at the Wayback Machine.
* PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center for bacterial pathogens, funded by NIAID
* Bacterial Chemotaxis Interactive Simulator – A web-app that uses several simple algorithms to simulate bacterial chemotaxis.
* Cell-Cell Communication in Bacteria on-line lecture by Bonnie Bassler, and TED: Discovering bacteria's amazing communication system Archived 2011-12-05 at the Wayback Machine.
* Sulfur-cycling fossil bacteria from the 1.8-Ga Duck Creek Formation provide promising evidence of evolution's null hypothesis, *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*.  **Summarized in:** Scientists discover bacteria that haven't evolved in more than 2 billion years, *LiveScience* and *BusinessInsider*