# 有声後部歯茎摩擦音

| 有声後部歯茎摩擦音 |
| --- |
| ʒ |
| IPA 番号 | 135 |
| IPA 表記 | [ʒ] |
| IPA 画像 |  |
| Unicode | U+0292 |
| 文字参照 | &#658; |
| JIS X 0213 | 1-10-73 |
| X-SAMPA | Z |
| Kirshenbaum | Z  |
| Duration: 3 seconds.0:03音声サンプル |

**有声後部歯茎摩擦音**（ゆうせい こうぶしけい まさつおん、英: voiced postalveolar fricative）は、子音のひとつ。舌を後部歯茎に接近させて調音される有声の摩擦音。国際音声記号では[ʒ]と表記される。

記号はラテン文字のエッジュの小文字に由来する。

## 特徴

* 気流の起こし手 - 肺臓気流機構によって生じる呼気。
* 発声 - 声帯の振動を伴う有声音。
* 調音
	+ 調音部位 - 舌端と歯茎後部による後部歯茎音。
	+ 調音方法
		- 口腔内の気流 - 舌の中央を気流が通る中線音
		- 調音器官の接近度 - 隙間を作って空気が通りにくくし、そこに気流を通すことで生じる摩擦音。
		- 口蓋帆の位置 - 口蓋帆を持ち上げて鼻腔への通路を塞いだ口音。

## 言語例

* 日本語 - 母音の後の「ジ」等。「ン」の後や文頭の「ジ」では有声歯茎硬口蓋破擦音 d͡ʑ を用いることが多い。
* 印欧語族
	+ 英語 - vi**s**ion の s
	+ ドイツ語 - Gara**g**e の g
	+ オランダ語 - gara**g**e の g
	+ チェコ語 - ž
	+ リトアニア語 - ž
	+ ハンガリー語 - zs
	+ フランス語、オック語、カタルーニャ語、ポルトガル語 - 「j」や「g」。
* ジョージア語 - ჟ

* 無声後部歯茎摩擦音

**子音**

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**肺臓気流**|  | 両唇 | 唇歯 | 歯 | 歯茎 | 後部歯茎 | そり舌 | 硬口蓋 | 軟口蓋 | 口蓋垂 | 咽頭 | 声門 |
| 破裂 | p | b | (p̪) | (b̪) | (t̪) | (d̪) | t | d |  |  | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ( ʡˤ) |  | ʔ |  |
| 鼻 | (m̥) | m | (ɱ̊) | ɱ | (n̪̊) | (n̪) | (n̥) | n |  |  |  | ɳ |  | ɲ |  | ŋ |  | ɴ |  |  |
| ふるえ | (ʙ̥) | ʙ |  |  |  |  | (r̥) | r |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ʀ |  |  |
| はじき |  | (ⱱ̟) |  | ⱱ |  |  |  | ɾ |  |  |  | ɽ |  | (ɟ̆) |  |  | (ɢ̆) |  | (ʡ̆) |  |
| 摩擦 | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| 側面摩擦 |  |  |  |  | ɬ | ɮ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 接近 |  | (β̞) | (ʋ̥) | ʋ |  |  | (ɹ̥) | ɹ |  |  |  | ɻ |  | j |  | ɰ |  |  |  |  |  |
| 側面接近 |  |  |  |  | (l̥) | l |  |  |  | ɭ |  | ʎ |  | ʟ |  |  |  |  |

 |  |

**非肺臓気流 表
* 話
* 編
* 歴
| 吸着 | ʘ | ǀ | ǃ | 𝼊 | ǂ | ǁ | (ʞ) |
| 入破 | ɓ | ɗ̪ | ɗ | (ᶑ) | ʄ | ɠ | ʛ |
| 放出 | pʼ | (t̪ʼ) | tʼ | ʈʼ | cʼ | kʼ | (qʼ) | sʼ |

**その他**| 同時調音 | ʍ | w | ɥ | ɕ | ʑ | ɧ |
| (k͡p) | (ɡ͡b) | (ŋ͡m) |

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 喉頭蓋音 | ʜ | ʢ | ʡ |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 舌唇音 | (t̼) | (d̼) | (n̼) | (θ̼) | (ð̼) |

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| その他側面音 | ɺ | (ɭ̆) | (ɫ) |

 |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 破擦音 | p͡ɸ | b͡β | p̪͡f | b̪͡v | t͡θ | d͡ð | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | ʈ͡ʂ | ɖ͡ʐ | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ | c͡ç | ɟ͡ʝ | k͡x | ɡ͡ɣ | q͡χ | ɢ͡ʁ | t͡ɬ | d͡ɮ | ʔ͡h |  |

 |
| 記号が二つ並んでいるものは、左が無声音、右が有声音。網掛けは調音が不可能と考えられる部分。 丸括弧内はIPA子音表（2005年改訂版）に記載されていないもの。
 |

国際音声記号 - 子音 * 表
* 話
* 編
* 歴