# 有声咽頭摩擦音

| 有声咽頭摩擦音 |
| --- |
| ʕ |
| IPA 番号 | 145 |
| IPA 表記 | [ʕ] |
| IPA 画像 |  |
| Unicode | U+0295 |
| 文字参照 | &#661; |
| JIS X 0213 | 1-10-94 |
| X-SAMPA | ?\ |
| Kirshenbaum | H<vcd>  |
| 音声サンプル |

**有声咽頭摩擦音**（ゆうせい いんとう まさつおん、英: voiced pharyngeal fricative）とは、子音の類型の一つ。舌根を咽頭壁に近づけてできる隙間による摩擦音。声帯の振動を伴う。国際音声字母で[ʕ]と記述される。

実際には有声喉頭蓋接近音であるという（咽頭音を参照）。

日本語には存在しない発音であるが外国語の音を日本語表記する場合に「あ゙」の文字が当てられる場合がある。

## 特徴

* 気流の起こし手 - 肺臓気流機構によって生じる呼気。
* 発声 - 声帯の振動を伴う有声音。
* 調音
	+ 調音位置 - 舌根と咽頭壁による咽頭音。
	+ 調音方法
		- 口腔内の気流 - 区別なし。
		- 調音器官の接近度 - 隙間を作って空気が通りにくくし、そこに気流を通すことで生じる摩擦音。
		- 口蓋帆の位置 - 口蓋帆を持ち上げて鼻腔への通路を塞いだ口音。

## 言語例

* アヴァル語
* アラビア語 - عَيْنٌ (ʿaynun) [ʕɑi̯nʊn]「目」
* オック語オーヴェルニュ方言
* カビル語
* クルド語クルマンジー方言
* スー語ナコタ方言
* ソマリ語
* ティグリニャ語
* チェチェン語

**子音**

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**肺臓気流**|  | 両唇 | 唇歯 | 歯 | 歯茎 | 後部歯茎 | そり舌 | 硬口蓋 | 軟口蓋 | 口蓋垂 | 咽頭 | 声門 |
| 破裂 | p | b | (p̪) | (b̪) | (t̪) | (d̪) | t | d |  |  | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ( ʡˤ) |  | ʔ |  |
| 鼻 | (m̥) | m | (ɱ̊) | ɱ | (n̪̊) | (n̪) | (n̥) | n |  |  |  | ɳ |  | ɲ |  | ŋ |  | ɴ |  |  |
| ふるえ | (ʙ̥) | ʙ |  |  |  |  | (r̥) | r |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ʀ |  |  |
| はじき |  | (ⱱ̟) |  | ⱱ |  |  |  | ɾ |  |  |  | ɽ |  | (ɟ̆) |  |  | (ɢ̆) |  | (ʡ̆) |  |
| 摩擦 | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| 側面摩擦 |  |  |  |  | ɬ | ɮ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 接近 |  | (β̞) | (ʋ̥) | ʋ |  |  | (ɹ̥) | ɹ |  |  |  | ɻ |  | j |  | ɰ |  |  |  |  |  |
| 側面接近 |  |  |  |  | (l̥) | l |  |  |  | ɭ |  | ʎ |  | ʟ |  |  |  |  |

 |  |

**非肺臓気流 表
* 話
* 編
* 歴
| 吸着 | ʘ | ǀ | ǃ | 𝼊 | ǂ | ǁ | (ʞ) |
| 入破 | ɓ | ɗ̪ | ɗ | (ᶑ) | ʄ | ɠ | ʛ |
| 放出 | pʼ | (t̪ʼ) | tʼ | ʈʼ | cʼ | kʼ | (qʼ) | sʼ |

**その他**| 同時調音 | ʍ | w | ɥ | ɕ | ʑ | ɧ |
| (k͡p) | (ɡ͡b) | (ŋ͡m) |

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 喉頭蓋音 | ʜ | ʢ | ʡ |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 舌唇音 | (t̼) | (d̼) | (n̼) | (θ̼) | (ð̼) |

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| その他側面音 | ɺ | (ɭ̆) | (ɫ) |

 |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 破擦音 | p͡ɸ | b͡β | p̪͡f | b̪͡v | t͡θ | d͡ð | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | ʈ͡ʂ | ɖ͡ʐ | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ | c͡ç | ɟ͡ʝ | k͡x | ɡ͡ɣ | q͡χ | ɢ͡ʁ | t͡ɬ | d͡ɮ | ʔ͡h |  |

 |
| 記号が二つ並んでいるものは、左が無声音、右が有声音。網掛けは調音が不可能と考えられる部分。 丸括弧内はIPA子音表（2005年改訂版）に記載されていないもの。
 |

国際音声記号 - 子音 * 表
* 話
* 編
* 歴