Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Nkwenye-Amamihe Nke Ndị Chaịna

Nkwenye-Amamihe Nke Ndị Chaịna

branch of philosophy| Obere ụdị nke | Eastern philosophy  |
| Mụrụ ya | Jian jia xue pai  |

  From Wikidata
Nkwenye-amamihe (nke asụsụ Bekee kpọrọ fịlọsọfị) ndị mbà Chaịna malitere n’oge a kpọrọ “Spring na Autumn period” n’asụsụ Bekee nakwa n’oge mbà na mbà busorịtara onwe ha agha. Aha ọzọ a kpọrọ oge ndịa bụ “Hundred Schools of Thought",
mgbe ndị nwere echiche nke ha n’otù n’otù nọ dịka òtù dị otù narị n’ọnụọgụgụ. Oge a bụ oge ihe e jiri mara ya bụ na amamihe na ka-ndị-si-ebi chawapụtara ka kpakpando n’ótuto ha. Na agbanyeghị na nkwenye-amamihe ndị Chaịna malitere n’ogogo dị elu n’oge mbà na mbà busorịtara onwe ha agha, ndị Chaịna enwelaarị nkwenye-amamihe puku afọ olenole bu oge a ụzọ. A ga-ahụ ihe gosịrị nke a n’akwụkwọ kpokọtara ịgba-afa. Akwụkwọ a, a kpọrọ “I Ching” (maọbụ *Akwụkwọ Maka Mgbanwe Dịgasịrị*) bụ akwụkwọ mgbe ochie, edere tutu a mụọ Jizọs Kraịst.

Ọ bụ n’oge ahụ mbà na mbà busorịtara onwe ha agha ka Sima Tan, nwoke Chaịna akụkọ na ikọwa ka kpakpando si-emetụta mmadụ doro anya, kwuru na òtù atọ a maara aha ha maka nkwenye-amamihe ha dị ichè ichè malitere. Mgbe nkwenye-amamihe atọ a na-aza Konfushanizim, Legalizim na Taghoyizim malitere, e nwekwara nkwenye-amamihe ndị ọzọ malitere ma mechaa danyụọ ka ọkụ. Ha gụnyere nkwenye-amamihe gbasara ọrụ ugbo (a kpọrọ Agrịkọlụchọralizim nke gbasara ihe ekèrè èkè n’ụwa ndị Chaịna (a kpọrọ Chaịniz Nechọralizim, nke ndị na-emekarị mgbakọ na nwepụ (na-aza Ndị Lọjishan nakwa nkwenye-amamihe a kpọrọ Mohizim. Òtù ọ dị, Konfushanizim bụ ya bụ usoro omumeihe a na-ekwe ka ukwe òkwùkwè na mbà Chaịna n’oge ọhụrụ a anyị nọ na ya.

## Nkwenye-Amamihe Nke Ndị Chaịna Dịka Nkwenye-Amamihe

Ebe ederede a nọ kpọmkwem | Iziezi Nkwenye-Amamihe Nke Ndị Chaịna

Ọ bụ mgbe ịmụ̀ maka nkwenye-amamihe maọbụ fịlọsọfị bidoro na Chaịna ka a malitere rụwa ụka ma a na-akpọ "echiche" ndị mgbe ochie a na-anụrụ okwu ha na Chaịna fịlọsọfị. Lee anya na Iziezi Nkwenye-Amamihe Nke Ndị Chaịna ka ị gụọ maka nkea n'uju.
# Ọchịchị Qing

| Great QingTempleeti:Native name list |
| --- |
|

|  |
| --- |
|  |

 |
| **Imperial seal**  |
| Location nke Ọchịchị Qing  |
| **Íshí oche** [[Demographics of {{{common\_name}}}|(and largest city)]]
  | Beijing
 |
| **Ethnic groups**  | * Han
* Hmong
* Manchus
* Mongols
* Tibetans
* Uyghurs
* *others*
 |
| Demonym | Chinese
 |
| Government | Absolute monarchy |
| Legislature | Templeeti:Ubli |
| Population |
|  -  | 1907 estimate | 426,000,000  |
| Currency | * Cash
* Tael
* Paper money
 |

**Ọchịchị Qing** (Templeeti:IPAc-en Templeeti:Respell), nke a na-akpọ Great Qing, bụ usoro ndị eze ukwu Manchu nke China na alaeze ukwu nke oge a n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. test test test test test

## \_\_LEAD\_SECTION\_\_

Ọchịchị eze ikpeazụ n'Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke China, ọchịchị Qing bu ụzọ site n'Ọchịchị Ming ma bụrụ nke Republic of China nọchiri testing this out to get 14px pixel. N'oge ike ya kachasị elu, alaeze ukwu ahụ sitere n'Oké Osimiri Japan n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'Ugwu Pamir n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, na site na Mongolian Plateau n'ebe ugwu ruo n'Osimiri South China n'ebe ndịda. test test tes test test

Kpọpụta njehie: `<ref>` tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding `<references group="lower-alpha"/>` tag was found.
# Asụsụ Yongzhou

| Yongzhou dialect 永州话 |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | China  |
| Region: | Yongzhou, Hunan province |
| Total speakers: | ? |
| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan  Sinitic   Xiang    Yong-Quan     **Yongzhou dialect** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | — |
|

**Olumba Yongzhou** ( Chinese ) bụ olumba nke Xiang Chinese a na-asụ na Yongzhou, Province Hunan .

## Mmalite na mmepe

Tupu usoro ndị eze Han, Yongzhou bụ kpamkpam ebe obibi maka agbụrụ ụmụ amaala oge ochie dịka ndị Yao . A ka nwere ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ ha na mgbago elu nke Osimiri Xiao taa.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Yao belatara nke ukwuu mgbe usoro ndị eze Han gasịrị, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi nchikota nke ndị Yao n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Han na-akwaga na ndịda. Mgbe Liu Zongyuan bịara Yongzhou na usoro ndị eze Tang, o kwuru na ndị mmadụ nọ ebe a na-ekwu okwu n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya na ha enweghị ike ịghọta ya ma ọlị. Agbanyeghị, ka afọ ole na ole gachara, ụda olu ya ghọrọ otu nke ndị obodo Yongzhou. O doro anya na ndị mmadụ n'ebe a gbanwere n'ịsụ Chinese n'oge usoro ndị eze Tang, ma ụda olu na okwu ndị ahụ pụrụ nnọọ iche. Ikekwe nke a bụ mmalite nke olumba Yongzhou ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị si etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ Hunan kwagara na Yongzhou, na-eme ka olumba Yongzhou na-eleda anya n'olumba Xiang . N'oge ọchịchị Ming na Qing, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Jiangxi kwabatara, na olumba Gan nwekwara mmetụta na olumba Yongzhou. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ekwu "dàng" na "ebe a", nke dabara na olumba Taihe na Jiangxi. N'oge a, Southwest Mandarin na Standard Chinese ( Beijing Mandarin ) emetụtala olumba Yongzhou.

## Ntụaka

ebe a na-ekwu okwu n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya na ha enweghị ike ịghọta ya ma ọlị. Agbanyeghị, ka
# Asụsụ Sadu

**Sadu** (autonym: *sa55 du42 pho313* (Bai 2012:9)) bụ asụsụ Loloish nke Yuxi, etiti Yunnan, China.

## Nhazi

Bai (2012) na-ekewa Sadu ka asụsụ Hani ( Hanoish a.k.a. Southern Loloish), n'agbanyeghị na gọọmentị China na-ekewa ndị na-ekwu okwu dịka agbụrụ Bai . Fang (2013) kwuru na Sadu nwere ọtụtụ myirịta na Samu (Zijun), wee kewaa Sadu ka asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Yi.

## Nkesa

Ndị na-asụ Sadu bi n'ime ime obodo atọ dị na Hongta District, Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan (Bai 2012:3).

* Xincun 新村, Boyi Village 波衣村, Chunhe Township 春和镇 (autonym: Suonapo 所那泼)
* Dashuitang 大水塘, Boyi Village 波衣村, Chunhe Township 春和镇 (autonym: Tatapo 塔塔泼)
* Jiaoyuan 椒园, Dashiban Village 大石板村, Beicheng Township 北城镇 (autonym: Lilepo 哩期泼)

E nwekwara ndị Sadu ndị kwụsịrị iji asụsụ Sadu bụ ebe ndị a (Bai 2012:5, 29).

* Shuanghe Yi Ethnic Township 双河彝族乡, Jinning County, na Hetao 核桃园 na Tianba 田坝村 obodo
* Bailiuzhuang 柏柳庄 Village, Baofeng Town 宝峰镇

## Ntụaka

Enwere ndị ọkà okwu 200 n'imngwugwu', bɔɔk 'ifuru'-ebili ala: moot 'otu'. Dị ka Gedney
# Asụsụ Lewu

**Lewu 乐舞**bụ asụsụ Loloish ekpochapụghị nkewa nke Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. Ndị gọọmentị China kewapụrụ ndị Lewu dị ka ndị agbụrụ Yao .

## Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ

Dị ka *akwụkwọ akụkọ Jingdong County Gazetteer* (1994:519) si kwuo, agbụrụ Yao ruru mmadụ 3,889 na 1990, ma biri na Chaqing 岔箐 na Dasongshu 大松树 Obodo nta nke Taizhong Township 太忠乡. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Yao, nke a maara dị ka Lewu Yao 乐舞瑶族, dị na Puya Village 普牙村, Chaqing Township 岔箐乡 ( *Jingdong County Ethnic Gazetteer* 2012:144).

## Nhazi

O nwere ike ịbụ na Lewu nwere njikọ na asụsụ Lawu nke Xinping County, Yunnan, mana nhazi ọkwa ka na-ejighị n'aka n'ihi ụkọ data.

## Okwu okwu

Edegharịrị ndepụta okwu nke asụsụ Lewu Yao site na iji pinyin na *Jingdong County Ethnic Gazetteer* (2012:144-145). Asụsụ ahụ adịlarị, e dekwara ya na 1985 site n'aka Zhu Zhaojin dị afọ 85 祝兆金 nke Puya Village 普牙村, onye nwere ike icheta naanị okwu ụfọdụ.

| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Lewu | Page |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 吃饭 | eat rice | zuǒ zuó liē | 144 |
| 猪心肺 | pig heart and lungs | cī ber | 144 |
| 这里来 | come (from) here | wū lài lai | 144 |
| 什么东西 | What thing? | māi yuō | 144 |
| 蚕豆 | broad bean (*Vicia faba*) | nuó suō | 144 |
| 豌豆 | pea (*Pisum sativum*) | nuó sǎi | 144 |
| 回来，回来你回来 | come back, come back, you come back | gǔ lāi gǔ lai gǔ lāi | 144 |
| 白酒 | liquor | zhī zhí | 144 |
| 清酒 | rice wine | a zhì | 144 |
| 筷子 | chopsticks | a zhu | 144 |
| 刀 | knife | biě tuo | 145 |
| 斧子 | axe | shì cuo | 145 |
| 碗 | bowl | lin hua | 145 |
| 勺 | spoon | yì geu | 145 |
| 打 | to hit | ch wō | 145 |
| 没有了 | There is no more. | mā ia lāi | 145 |

## Ntụaka

narị ise. A na-asụ ya n'ime obodoarụ ụka na myirịta nke myirịta dị n'etiti Kaman na Zakhring bụ ịgbazinye ego, na

## Isi mmalite

* Hụ, Andrew. 2017. *Asụsụ Lawu: akara ukwu n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ ndagwurugwu Red River* .
# Asụsụ Kucong

**Kucong** (Khucong, Cosung), ma ọ bụ **Lahlu**, bụ asụsụ Loloish nke Yunnan, China na Vietnam, nke ndị Kucong na-asụkarị. Na Vietnam, aha ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ *kʰu33 tsʰɔ33*, na a makwaara dị ka *La Hủ Na* 'Black Lahu'. [ 2 ] Asụsụ ahụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Lahu .

## Nkesa

A na-asụ Kucong na China na Vietnam.

### Vietnam

**Kucong**, ma ọ bụ **Black Lahu**, na-asụ n'ime obodo ndị a nke Ca Lăng Commune, Mường Tè District, Lai Châu Province, Vietnam. [ 2 ]

* Nậm Phìn
* Obodo Khao
* Nậm Cấu
* Phhìn Hồ
* Nậm Xả

Kucong, ma ọ bụ Black Lahu, bi n'akụkụ La Hủ Sủ (Yellow Lahu) na La Hủ Phung (White Lahu). A na-ekesa **Yellow Lahu** n'ebe ndị a.

* Pa Vệ Sủ Kọmputa
* Nkwukọrịta
* Ca Lăng Commune (na Là Pé, Nhu Tè, na Hóm Bô)

**White Lahu** na-ebi na ebe ndị a, na-ejikarị Yellow Lahu.

* Pa Ủ Commune (na Xà Hồ, Ử Ma, Pha Bu, Pa Ử, na Khồ Ma)
* Obodo Ca Lăng (na Hà Xe)

Ndị Kucong na ndị Lahu ndị metụtara ya sitere na mpaghara Jinping County nke ndịda Yunnan, China. [ 2 ]

### China

Sun Hongkai (1992) na-akọ ndị na-asụ Kucong 30,000 na Yunnan, China. Chang (2011:5) matara alaka atọ nke Kucong.

* **Black Kucong 黑苦聪**( **Lahu Na** ; autonym **Guocuo 锅搓**or **Guochou 郭抽**) ka a na-asụ na Zhenyuan, Mojiang, Jiangcheng, Yuanjiang, na mpaghara Mengla, na na Mường Tè District, Vietnam. Chang Suanzhi (2011) kpuchiri olumba Black Kucong nke Shaohuiqing[zhai], Dangduo Village, Yangjie Township, Yuanjiang County (元江县羊街乡党舵村烧灰箐寨). Aha aha ha na mpaghara Yuanjiang bụ *kɔ³¹tsʰɔ³³* .
* **Yellow Kucong 黄苦聪**( **Lahu Shi** ) ka a na-asụ na mpaghara Jinping .
* **White Kucong 白苦聪**( **Lahu Pu** ) na-asụ n'ime obodo abụọ nke Zhemi Township (者米乡), Jinping County .

Li & Zhang (2003) kọrọ na e nwere ihe dị ka ndị Kucong 30,000 na Yunnan. Mpaghara Zhenyuan nwere ihe karịrị ndị Kucong 13,000, mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Jinping nwere ihe karịrị ndị Kucong 6,000 na mpaghara Xinping nwere karịa ndị Kucong 4,000. Li & Zhang (2003) kpuchiri olumba Kucong nke Kudumu Village (库独木村), Obodo Pingzhang (平掌乡), Xinping County (新平县). Na mpaghara Xinping, aha njirimara ha bụ *kɔ³³tsʰɔ⁵³*, nke pụtara ' ndị ugwu .'

## Ntụaka

Ọ na-esiri ya ike ikewapụta ya n'ihi oke mmetụta China nwere n'asụsụ ahụ. Matisoff (2001), dịka ọmụmaatụ, hapụrụ ya enweghị
# Asụsụ Tholo

**Tanglang** ( Chinese ), ma ọ bụ **Tholo** (autonym: *tʰo55 lo33 zɑ33* ), bụ asụsụ Loloish nke ndị mmadụ 947 na-asụ na obodo 8 dị na ndịda Tai'an Township 太安乡, Lijiang County, Yunnan, gụnyere na Hongmai 红麦 na Shuijing 水井村 obodo. Tanglang na Bai na-akpakọrịta ogologo oge, yana Naxi na-akpakọrịtakwa. Aha ndị na-ekwu okwu maka asụsụ a bụ *tʰo42 lo42* .

## Aha

A na-akpọ ndị na-asụ Tanglang aha ndị a.

* autonym: *tʰo42 lo42 zɑ33* (Tulusha 吐鲁沙)
* exonym na Heqing County : Tanglangzi 堂郎子
* exonym of the Nalu 那鲁 (Heihua 黑话) ndị mmadụ: Moxie 麽些
* exonym na Jianchuan County剑川县: *tʰo31 lo31 χo33*
* exonym na Lijiangba District 丽江县坝区: *tʰo33 le33 dʌ31*
* exonym in Nanshan 南山: *lu55 lu33*

## Ntụaka

mana nwekwara ọtụtụ atụmatụ morphosyntatic na semantic sitere na Alangu
# Asụsụ Limi

**Limi** ( aha njirimara : *li33 mi33* ) bụ asụsụ Loloish a na-asụ na mpaghara Yongde, Fengqing, na Yun nke mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Yunnan, China.

## Nkesa

A na-asụ Limi n'ebe ndị a.

* Ógbè Yongde (Wumulong 乌木龙彝族乡 na Yalian 亚练乡 Obodo ukwu)
* Obodo Guodazhai Southern 郭大寨彝族白族乡, Fengqing County (pop. 4,000)
* Ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Yingpan Township 营盘镇, Fengqing County
* Obodo Yun (pop. 1,000)

Yang (2017) na-akọ na ihe dị ka mmadụ 20,000 na-asụ Limi na mpaghara Yongde, Fengqing, na Yun. Ndị na-ekwu okwu Limi bụ 70% nke mmadụ 26,000 bi na Wumulong Township (乌木龙乡), Yongde County, Yunnan. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,600 sitere n'otu agbụrụ dị nso a na-akpọ "Luo" (倮族) (ikekwe Lolopo ) bikwa na Wumulong na gburugburu.

## Nhazi

O yikarịrị ka Limi nwere njikọ chiri anya na Lolopo, mana nwekwara ọtụtụ okwu mbinye Lalo .

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

O yikarịrị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu Limi si na Jingdong County kwaga na mmalite 1300s, buru ụzọ rute na Bangmai Village (邦卖/班卖), Fengqing County, wee mesịa kwaga Wumulong Township, Yongde County.

## Ntụaka

asụsụ nke ndị Lisu nke China, yiri ma ọ bụghị
# Asụsụ Lipo

**Asụsụ Lipo** (aha obodo: *li55 pʰɔ21* ; Chinese ), nke a makwaara dị ka **ọwụwa anyanwụ Lisu**, bụ asụsụ nke ndị Lisu nke China, yiri ma ọ bụghị nghọta na asụsụ Lisu kwesịrị ekwesị . Ndị gọọmentị na-ekewa ụfọdụ Lipo dị ka Lisu, ndị ọzọ dị ka Yi . N'ebe ụfọdụ, ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ aha *Lolopo* (ma ọ bụ *Lolongo* ).

Ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ Lipo ( *Lipa*利帕) na mpaghara Bingchuan na Yongsheng ka a na-akpọkwa *Tujia* (土家) (Yunnan 1956:19-20).

## Ntụaka

asụsụ nke ndị Lisu nke China, yiri ma ọ bụghị

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ndekọ ndepụta okwu 283 na Kaipuleohone
# Asụsụ Talu

Asụsụ Talu

asụsụ| Obere ụdị nke | Lisoish  |
| Mba/obodo | China  |
| Ụmụ amaala ka | Yunnan  |
| Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO | 2 vulnerable  |

  From Wikidata
**Talu** (他鲁; a makwaara dị ka **Talịu** ; *tʰa31 lu55 su55* ) bụ asụsụ Loloish nke ihe karịrị ndị na-asụ 10,000 na-asụ na mpaghara Yongsheng na Huaping (Zhou 2004:1). Zhou (2004) gbadoro anya na olumba Talu nke obodo Liude 六德乡. Bradley (2004) na-akọ na Talu (autonym: *tʰa31 lu̠55* ) A na-asụ ya na Yongsheng, Ninglang na Huaping site na mmadụ 10,138, ọkachasị n'ime obodo 4 nke Liude Township 六德乡 na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Yongsheng County . Enwekwara ndị na-asụ Talu n'akụkụ akụkụ Ninglangping Township, ndịda Ninglang County, na Tongda Township 通达傈僳族乡 na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Huaping County . Talu nwere imi na-enweghị olu yana mpụta enweghị olu. Ọ metụtara Lolopo .

A na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche nwere njikọ chiri anya akpọrọ **Nazan 纳咱**(Naza, Nazha) na Nazan Village 纳咱, Liude Village 六德村, Liude Township 六德乡, Yongsheng County ( *Yongsheng County Gazetteer* 1989:637). A na-asụkwa ya n'ime obodo abụọ dị na Liude Township, yana ole na ole na obodo Bankiao.

## Ntụaka

* Duan Qiuhong [段秋红]. 2015. *Ọmụmụ okwu Taliu [他留语词汇*调查研究]. akwụkwọ edemede MA. Kunming: Yunnan Normal University.
* Zhou Decai [周德才]. 2004. *Ọmụmụ asụsụ Talius* [他留话研究]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].
# Asụsụ Naruo

**Naruo 纳若**(Naluo 纳罗, Laluo; nakwa Alu, Gan Yi) bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ Loloish nke ndị Yi bi na Yunnan, China na-asụ.

## Nhazi

*Ethnologue* kewara *Naluo* dị ka asụsụ Northern Loloish, mana Yang, et al. (2017) na-ekewa *Naruo* dị ka asụsụ Taloid .

## Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ

Dị ka David Bradley (2004) si kwuo, Naluo (Naruo, Laluo, Naru, Shuitian 水田, Shui Yi 水彝 (eji na Yunnan)) bụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 15,000 na-asụkarị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Yongsheng County na ndịda Huaping County, Yunnan, nakwa na Futian County.福田镇 obodo, ọdịda anyanwụ Panzhihua City, Sichuan. Naluo na-anwụ anwụ ma ọ bụ kpochapụ na Sichuan, ma nọrọkwa n'ihe ize ndụ na Yunnan.

## Ụdị dị iche iche

Ị (2013:85) na-akọ na a na-asụ asụsụ *na21 zu21* (Naruo 纳儒) site na obere ìgwè Yi ndị a.

* **Zhili 支里**( aha ya bụ : **Naruo 纳儒**): Obodo Nanhua, District 1, Yongsheng County永胜县一区南华乡
* **Luo 倮族**(ahaziri: **Naruo 纳儒**): Obodo Zhongcheng, District 4, Yongsheng County 永胜县四区忠诚乡
* **Zi Yi 子彝**(autonym: **Naruo 纳儒**): Xilang Township, District 3, Yongsheng County 永胜县三区习朗乡

N'aka nke ọzọ, *Yongsheng County Gazetteer* (1989:637) depụtara obere otu ndị a n'ime Shuitian 水田.

* **Shuitian 水田**(autonym: **Naru 纳儒**)
* Ndị otu **Shui Yi 水彝**(onye na-achị onwe ya: **Naruo 纳若**)
* **Luoluo 倮倮**sub otu (autonym: **Xiqima 洗期麻**; a na-akpọkwa **Li 傈/黎**)

Ụdị ndị ọzọ bụ:

* **Naru 纳儒**nke ndịda na etiti Yongsheng County (pop. 7,000) na ndịda Huaping County (pop. 4,500)
* **Naruo 纳若**(Zhili) nke Yongsheng County na Huaping County, ihe dị ka mmadụ 12,000 kwuru. Ọ nwere ike ịdị ka Xiaoliangshan Nosu.

**Lopi (Shuitian 水田)** bụ asụsụ nke na-apụ n'anya, n'agbanyeghị na e nwere ihe karịrị mmadụ 15,000 bụ ndị agbụrụ na Panzhihua, Sichuan (na Futian 福田 na Pingjiang 平江 Townships) na n'ebe ugwu Yunnan.

Yang, et al. (2017) depụtara **Popei泼佩**na **Naruo 纳若**as Shuitian 水田 iche, wee kewaa ha dịka akụkụ nke ụyọkọ Taloid nke asụsụ Central Ngwi .

**Zhili 支里**(autonym: **Naruo 那若**) bụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 300 na-asụ na Xinying Village 新营村, Nanhua Township 南华乡, Beisheng District 北胜区; na na Xianrenhe Village 仙人河村, Dachang Township 大厂乡 ( *Yongsheng County Gazetteer* 1989: 637).

## Ntụaka

n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Yongsheng County na ndịda Huaping County, Yunnan, nakwa kwuru. Ọ nwere ike
# Asụsụ Zibusi

**Zibusi** ( *zɨ21 pu55 sɨ55* ; Chinese ; Daqing Yi 大箐彝) bụ asụsụ Loloish achọpụtara na nso nso a nke Heqing County, Yunnan, China. ꞌYị máa yée ga bɨ Kua-nsi ní *zɨ21 pɯ55 sɨ55* . A na-ahụ Zibusi na Shangshiyan 上石岩, Daqing Village 大箐村, Obodo Duomei 朵美乡, Heqing County (Castro, et al. 2010); nke *sɨ21 pʰɨ̪21 sɨ55* dị na Jidiping 吉地坪, Moguang Village 磨光村, Jindun Township 金墩乡.

## Ntụaka

Tutsa na mpaghara ọdịda asụsụ
# Asụsụ Nuomei

| Nuomei |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | —  |
| Region: | — |
| Total speakers: | — |
| Language family: | Default **Nuomei** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | — |
|

**Nuomei** ( Chinese ; Aha njirimara: *lo33 mɛ21* ) bụ asụsụ Southern Loloish nke Yunnan, China. A na-asụ Nuomei na Yuanjiang Hani, Yi na Dai Autonomous County, yana Jinping Miao, Yao, na Dai Autonomous County .

## Aha

Dị ka Yunnan (1955) siri kwuo, nke Nuomei 糯美 ( *lo³³mɛ²¹* ) nke Xinping County bụ ndị Han Chinese na-akpọ Suobi 梭比 (nke nwere nkọwa mkparị), ma na-ahọrọ ka a kpọọ ya Nuomei 糯美. The Nuomei na-ezo aka na agbataobi Nuobi 糯比 dị ka Big Nuobi 大糯比.

## Nkesa

Dai (2009) na-akọ na agbụrụ Hani dị na Yangjie Township 羊街乡, Yuanjiang County bụ nke Nuomei 糯美 na Nuobi糯比 subgroups, ndị ruru 9,000 mmadụ na 6,000 ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na obodo. Ndị Nuomei na-ebikarị na Gedie 戈垤, Dangduo 党舵, na Bamu 坝木 obodo nhazi, ebe Nuobi bi na Langzhi 朗支, Yangjie 眊街, Yangjie 眊街, na Diexi.

## Ntụaka

ndị dị otú ahụ atụmatụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta (Sebit, 2023)
# Asụsụ Nuobi

**Nuobi** (autonym: *Lolbiq* ; *lu21 pi33* ma ọ bụ *lo˥bi˨˩* na Jinping County nke pụtara 'downriver'; Chinese: 糯比*Luobi* ( *Lobi* )) bụ asụsụ Loloish nke dị na ndịda etiti Yunnan, China.

## Nkesa

A na-asụ Nuobi na:

* Obodo Xinping Yi na Dai kwụụrụ onwe
* Yuanjiang Hani, Yi na Dai kwụụrụ onwe
* Jinping Miao, Yao, na Dai kwụụrụ onwe County

Dai (2009) na-akọ na agbụrụ Hani dị na Yangjie Township (羊街乡), Yuanjiang County bụ nke Nuomei (糯美) na Nuobi (糯比), bụ ndị ruru mmadụ 9,000 na mmadụ 6,000 n'otu n'otu n'ime obodo ahụ. Ndị Nuomei na-ebikarị na Gedie (戈垤), Dangduo (党舵) (nke nwekwara ndị na-asụ Kucong ), na Bamu (坝木) obodo nhazi, ebe ndị Nuobi bi na Langzhi (朗支) (nke nwekwara Zhongli).中梁子 ), Yangjie (羊街), na Diexia (垤霞) (gụnyere Yidie, 依垤 ) obodo.

## Okwu okwu

Ndepụta okwu okwu bụ isi nke Nuobi sitere na *Xinping County Ethnic Gazetteer* (1992:209–210).

| English gloss | Chinese gloss | Nuobi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| One | 一 | tʰi³³ |
| Two | 二 | ȵĩ³¹ |
| Three | 三 | si³³ |
| Four | 四 | ji̱³¹ |
| Sky | 天 | mu³¹ |
| Ground | 地 | mĩ⁵⁵ |
| Day | 日 | mu⁵⁵tʂɑ³³ |
| Month | 月 | bᴀ³¹lɑ³¹ |
| Mountain | 山 | xɑŋ³³tʰɑ³³ |
| Water | 水 | ɑ⁵⁵kʰᴀ |
| River | 河流 | lo²¹bᴀ²¹ɑ⁵⁵kʰᴀ²¹ |
| Sea | 海 | bᴀ³³mo̱³³ |
| Fire | 火 | ɑ⁵⁵tso²¹ |
| Long | 长 | mɑ̃³¹ |
| Short | 短 | mũ³¹ |
| Red | 红 | nɨ⁵⁵ |
| Black | 黑 | nɑ³¹ |
| Come, to | 来 | ko³³lɑi³¹ |
| Go, to | 去 | li³¹mɛ³³ |
| Say, to | 说 | je³¹ |
| Hit, to | 打 | dze⁵⁵ |
| New | 新的 | xɑŋ³³sə³¹ |
| True | 真的 | tseŋ³³sə³¹ |
| Tell, to | 告诉 | je³³do̱³¹ |
| Soul | 灵魂 | jiɑ⁵⁵ɬɑ⁵⁵ |
| Radio | 收音机 | tʂau³³jiŋ³³tsi³³ |
| Electric light | 电灯 | tian³⁵teŋ³³ |

## Ihe ndetu

mmụọ na-egosi na asụsụ Kra kacha nso na ngalaba Kam–Sui nke ezinụlọ. Enwere ihe dị ka asụsụ iri na abụọ nke Kra, dabere ka esi ), na Gelao (Chile).

## Ntụaka
# Asụsụ Gehuo

| Gehuo |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | China  |
| Region: | Yunnan |
| Total speakers: | ? |
| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan  (Tibeto-Burman)   Lolo–Burmese    Loloish     Southern Loloish      Hani       **Gehuo** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | *none* |
|

**Gehuo** ( Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Southern Loloish nke Yunnan, China. A na-asụ ya na Baima Shangzhai 白马上寨村, Yingpan Township 营盘乡, Jinping County金平县, Yunnan (Yang, et al. 2011). Aha aha ha bụ **Hanni 含妮**, ebe ndị Hani gbara agbata obi na-akpọ ha Gehuo 格活 (Yang, et al. 2011:9). A na-ahụkwa Gehuo n'akụkụ mpaghara Lüchun na Ógbè Yuanyang, Yunnan (Yang, et al. 2011:5-6).

## Nkesa

*Akwụkwọ akụkọ agbụrụ agbụrụ nke Jinping County* (2013: 89, 101) na-akọ na *Gehe*格合 (nakwa *Gehe*格河; *Gehuo*格活; na Laomeng Township 老勐乡 exonym ha bụ *Angluo*昂珞 nke a na-asụkwa n'asụsụ *Gehe* ) Tongchang 铜厂, Yingpan 营盘, na Laomeng 老勐 obodo, yana ezinụlọ 2,563 na mmadụ 10,510 dị ka nke 2005.

## Ntụaka

exonym ha bụ Angluo昂珞 nke a na-asụkwa n'asụsụ

* Yang Liujin 杨六金; Guo Ji 郭级; Chen Wenying 陈文英. 2011.国际哈尼/阿卡区域文化调查: 中国金平县营盘哈尼族格活人文化实录. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press 云南人民出版社. ISBN 978-7-222-07411-8
# Asụsụ Yiche

| Yiche YicyuTempleeti:Infobox Language/pronunciation |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | China  |
| Region: | Honghe County |
| Total speakers: | 23,000 |
| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan  (Tibeto-Burman)   Lolo–Burmese    Loloish     Southern      Hani       **Yiche** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | *none* |
|

**Yiche** ( *Yicyu* ; Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Hanoish nke ndị mmadụ 23,000 na-asụ na Honghe County, Yunnan, China (Lan 2009:11).

## Nkesa

A na-asụ Yiche n'ebe ndị a na mpaghara Honghe, Yunnan, China (Lan 2009:11).

* Obodo Dayangjie 大羊街乡
* Obodo nta Langdu 浪堵村, Obodo Langdi 浪堤乡
* Obodo nta Hadie 哈垤村, Chegu Township 车古乡

Ndị Yiche na-ekwu na ndị nna nna ha si n'obodo nta dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri Dian dị nso na Kunming, ma kwaga na ndịda ma gafee Osimiri Uhie (Honghe) mgbe agbụrụ ndị ọzọ meriri (Lan 2009: 3).

Lan degharịrị okwu Yiche ndị a (2009 ) na pinyin . (Rịba ama: *ss* bụ IPA [z].)

| English gloss | Chinese gloss | Pinyin | Page |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| rabbit | 兔 | tola, li | 110 |
| dragon | 龙 | long | 110 |
| snake | 蛇 | sei | 110 |
| horse | 马 | meng | 110 |
| sheep | 羊 | aci, yo | 110 |
| monkey | 猴 | joniu, niu | 110 |
| chicken | 鸡 | aha, ha | 110 |
| dog | 狗 | aku, ke | 110 |
| pig | 猪 | a'ang, ang | 110 |
| ant | 蚂蚁 | ahu, hu | 110 |
| cattle | 牛 | aniu, niu | 110 |
| tiger | 虎 | haza, la | 110 |
| sticky rice | 糯米 | honio | 110 |
| eat | 吃 | zha | 110 |
| one | 一 | qi | 18 |
| household | 户 | wo | 19 |
| person, human | 人 | co | 19 |
| husband | 丈夫 | niuse ada | 19 |
| wife | 妻子 | niuse ama | 19 |
| child | 孩子 | ssa | 22 |
| home | 家 | yuji, yu | 25 |
| small house | 小屋 | nimssang | 37 |
| liquor | 酒 | aba | 57 |
| drink | 喝 | do | 57 |

## Ntụaka

yana na Tangam bụ asụsụ Tani dị iche, na-enweghị nghọta nke ukwuu na

* Lan Qing [澜清]. 2009. *Ịmụ nwa: Ezinụlọ nke China Yicyu* [丰饶：哈尼族奕车人的亲属关系]. Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社]. ISBN 9787222058439
# Asụsụ Cosao

| Cosao |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | China, Laos |
| Total speakers: | 550 |
| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan  (Tibeto-Burman)   Lolo–Burmese    Loloish     Southern      Siloid       **Cosao** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | *none* |
|

**Cosao** ( aha ya bụ: *tsʰo55 sɔ55* ; Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Loloish nke China na Laos. Ndị Cosao na-akpọ onwe ha *tsʰo55 sɔ55*, ma ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na-ezo aka dị ka ndị Paijiao (排角人). Ndị gọọmentị China kewapụtara ha n'ihu ọha dịka ndị agbụrụ Hani .

## Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ

Na China, e nwere 149 agbụrụ Cosao ndị bi na obodo Man'gang 曼冈, Mengban Village 勐伴村, Mengban Town 勐伴镇, Mengla County, Yunnan .

N'ebe ugwu Laos, e nwere ndị Cosao agbụrụ 400 na obodo 2 dị na Phongsaly Province, ya bụ Ban Nanli 板南里 (21°45′15″ N 102°11′21″E) na Ban Shalue 板沙略 na Boun Tay District 2015:2-3). Ban Nanli bụ obodo ochie nke abụọ ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ndị Cosao bi na Ban Shalue na-akọ na ndị nna nna ha si na Ban Nanli kwaga. Obodo abụọ a dị ihe dịka kilomita iri abụọ site na ibe ha.

Enwere ndị Cosao 550 na China na Laos. Na China, a na-ekewa ndị na-asụ Cosao dị ka agbụrụ Hani .

## Nhazi

Cosao nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Khir nke Phongsaly Province, Laos . N'aka nke ya, Cosao na Khir so na ụyọkọ asụsụ Sila, nke gụnyere Sila, Sida, Phusang, Khir, na Cosao.

## Ntụaka

onwe ha tsʰo55 sɔ55, ma ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na-ezo aka dị ka ndị Paijiao (排角人). [1] Ndị gọọmentị China kewapụtara ha n

* Bai Bibo [白碧波]. 2015. *Ọmụmụ nke Cosao* [搓梭语研究]. Beijing: Ụlọ mbipụta nke agbụrụ [民族出版社]. ISBN 9787105138913