# Tharu

Onye na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala nke Tharu na-akọwa osisi ọgwụ mpaghara na Saptariya Tharu (asụsụ Tharu)
Nke **Tharu** ( Tharu : थारु, ịkpọ okwu, Hindi ) ma ọ bụ **Tharuhat** ( Nepali ) asụsụ bụ nke ọ bụla n'ime asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke ndị Tharu nke mpaghara Terai na Nepal na-asụ na mpaghara Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh na Bihar na India na-asụ.

A na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'ime obodo Tharu. Asụsụ ndị a yiri asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi. Asụsụ Tharu bụ otu n'ime asụsụ a kacha asụ na Nepal .

Agbanyeghi na nhazi nke ha nke ọma n'ime Indo-Aryan ka ejighị n'aka, asụsụ Tharu nwere myirịta dị elu na asụsụ ndị agbata obi dịka Kumaoni, Awadhi, Maithili, Bengali, Rajbanshi na Bhojpuri . Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke ụfọdụ ezinaụlọ Tharu na-egosi ihe mgbe ochie, ' ụmụ amaala ' substratum, nwere ike na-ebu ụzọ ma ndị Sino-Tibet ma ọ bụ Indo-Aryan . Asụsụ Tharu yiri ka ọ bụ mgbanwe n'ime ọnọdụ Indo-Aryan.

## Asụsụ na olumba

Obodo Tharu dị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Nepal na India anaghị asụ otu asụsụ dịka agbụrụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ọ dị iche n'etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ, etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Terai. Enwere asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche na-asụ site n'ọtụtụ obere obere mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Tharu gbasasịrị n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Terai. Myirịta lexical n'etiti asụsụ Tharu dị iche iche dịgasị n'etiti 81% na 51% dabere na asụsụ Tharu.

### Asụsụ Western Tharu

**Dangaura** na **Kathariya Tharu** bụ Tharu dị iche iche nwere nghọta nke na-asụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 1.3. Ọzọkwa, ụdị ọzọ nke Tharu, nke a maara dị ka **Sonha**, na Dangaura nwere nghọta nke ukwuu.

**Rana Tharu** na **Buksa** bụ ụdị Tharu nwere nghọta n'etiti ihe ruru mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri Karnali yana na steeti India nke Uttrakahand na Uttar Pradesh . Ọ dị ka Western Hindi na Awadhi. Charter Nepal nke dị ụbọchị 18 Mee 2020 depụtara Rana Tharus dị ka agbụrụ dị iche na asụsụ ha dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche.

### Asụsụ Central Tharu

**Chitwania Tharu** makwaara dị ka **Lalpuriya Tharu, Madhya Ksetriya Tharu** ma ọ bụ **Central Tharu** bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu 250,000 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Gandaki, na na gburugburu Chitwan Valley . Ụfọdụ ụdịdị Chitwania yiri ka ha na Manchad, asụsụ Sino-Tibet nwere myirịta nkwuwa okwu.

### Asụsụ Eastern Tharu

**Kochila Tharu** a na-akpọkwa **Moangiya, Saptariya Tharu, Madhya-Purbiya Tharu** ma ọ bụ **Mid-Eastern Tharu** bụ ụdị Tharu dị iche iche, nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 250,000 na-asụ, na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Nepal. A naghị ahụ obodo Kochila Tharu iche, mana ha na-ebi na mpaghara ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ jikọtara ọnụ. "N'adịghị ka ọdịda anyanwụ Terai ebe ndị Tharus bụ naanị agbụrụ na-achị achị, ọwụwa anyanwụ - karịsịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Terai bụ ọtụtụ agbụrụ nwere njikọ asụsụ dị iche iche bi." Kochila nwere isi olumba atọ a na-asụ n'etiti etiti etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal nke bụ *Western Kochila*, *Saptariya Kochila* na *Morangiya Kochila* na ndabere nke ọgụgụ isi ha.

## Ọnọdụ gọọmentị

Asụsụ Tharu bụ asụsụ nke anọ a na-asụkarị na Nepal na-aza 5.88% nke ngụkọta ndị Nepal dịka ngụkọ 2021. Dị ka iwu nke Nepal 2015 (2072 BS) si kwuo, asụsụ obodo niile a na-asụ na Nepal bụ asụsụ mba nke Nepal gụnyere Tharu. Kọmịshọna Asụsụ Nepal akwadola ka Tharu bụrụ asụsụ nchịkwa gọọmentị na Lumbini na Sudurpaschim Province . Kọmịshọna ahụ akwadokwara ka a mee Tharu ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ gọọmentị na mpaghara Nepal niile dịka Bagmati, Koshi, Madhesh, Gandaki na Karnali mpaghara maka mpaghara na ebumnuche dị na mpaghara ahụ. Na ọkwa mpaghara, Tharu nwere ọkwa gọọmentị na Ghorahi sub-metropolitan nke Dang district .

## Nkesa ala

### Nepal

Na Nepal a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu na mpaghara Terai niile site na osimiri Mechi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo osimiri Mahakali dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara ndị a:

* Mpaghara Koshi : Mpaghara Jhapa, Mpaghara Morang, Mpaghara Sunsari na Udayapur District
* Madhesh Province : Parsa District, Bara District, Rautahat District, Sarlahi District, Mahottari District, Siraha District na Saptari District.
* Bagmati Province : Chitwan District, Makwanpur District, Sindhuli District na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na Kathmandu ( Kathmandu District, Bhaktapur District na Lalitpur District )
* Mpaghara Gandaki : Mpaghara Nawalpur na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na mpaghara Kaski ( Pokhara )
* Mpaghara Lumbini : Mpaghara Banke, Mpaghara Bardiya, Mpaghara Dang, Mpaghara Kapilvastu, Mpaghara Parasi na mpaghara Rupandehi
* Mpaghara Karnali : Mpaghara Surkhet
* Mpaghara Sudurpaschim : Kailali District na Kanchanpur District

Site na mmụba nke ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ na mbata mba ụwa ndị na-asụ Tharu apụtala na mpaghara ọ bụla nke Nepal na mba dị iche iche dịka US, Japan, Qatar, UAE na Australia.

### India

N'India a na-asụ asụsụ Tharu n'akụkụ oke ala Nepal. Na steeti Utrakhand a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Udham Singh Nagar . Na Bihar, a na-asụ ya na mpaghara East Champaran na West Champaran . Na Uttar Pradesh a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Lakhimpur Kheri, Balrampur, Shravasti, Gorakhpur, Basti, Bahraich na Gonda .

## fonology

Ndị na-esonụ nwere ọtụtụ n'ime olu Daungara na Rana:

### Consonants

|  | Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stop/ Affricate | voiceless | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |
| aspirated | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |
| voiced | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |
| breathy | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |
| Nasal | voiced | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink |  | (ɲ) | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |
| breathy | m̤ | n̤ |  |  | ŋ̈ |  |
| Fricative |  | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |  |  | Templeeti:IPAlink |
| Tap | voiced |  | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |  |  |  |
| breathy |  | ɾ̤ |  |  |  |  |
| Trill | voiced |  | (r) |  |  |  |  |
| breathy |  | (r̤) |  |  |  |  |
| Lateral | voiced |  | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |  |  |  |
| breathy |  | l̤ |  |  |  |  |
| Approximant | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |  | Templeeti:IPAlink |  |  |

* /n/ can be heard as a palatal [ɲ] when preceding a palatal affricate.
* /ɾ, ɾ̤/ may be in free variation with trill sounds [r, r̤] in the Rana dialect.
* Palato-alveolar affricate sounds /tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ, dʒʱ/ are heard as alveolar affricate sounds [ts, tsʰ, dz, dzʱ] in the Rana dialect.

### Udaume

|  | N'ihu | Central | Azu |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Elu | i |  | u |
| N'etiti | e | ə | o |
| Dị ala |  | a |
| Diphthong | əi |  | əu |

* Nasalization na-apụtakwa dị ka / ĩ, ũ, ẽ, ə̃, õ, ã /.
* A na-anụ ụdaume / i, u, e, a / dị ka [ ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɑ ] mgbe ha nọ n'ụdị lax.
* /ə / a na-anụ dị ka [ ɐ ] mgbe ọ na-ebu ụzọ ma ọ bụ na-eso consonants velar ma ọ bụ glottal.
* /a / enwere ike ịnụ ka [ æ ] mgbe a na-eso /j / ma ọ bụ dị ka [ ɒ ] mgbe ị na-eso /w / .

## Ntụaka