Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Asụsụ Bugan

**Bugan**, **Bogan**, **Pakan**, ma ọ bụ **Bugeng** (布甘语, 布干语, ma ọ bụ 布赓语) bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic . Ndị mba ụwa amabeghị ịdị adị nke asụsụ Bugan ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Enwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 3000, ọkachasị n'obodo ụfọdụ dị na ndịda Guangnan (广南) na ugwu Xichou (西畴), Yunnan Province, China . Bugan bụ asụsụ nyocha, usoro okwu na okwu inyeaka nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na ụtọ asụsụ.

## Nkesa

### Li Jinfang (1996)

Dị ka Li Jinfang (1996) si kwuo, a na-ekesa ndị na-asụ Bugan n'ime obodo asaa dị na ndịda Guangnan (广南) na ugwu Xichou (西畴), Yunnan Province, China . Ebe ọ bụ na asụsụ ahụ bụ otu, a naghị ekewa ya n'asụsụ ọ bụla.

* Laowalong 老挖龙 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: *pə55 luŋ13*
* Xinwalong 新挖龙 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: *pə55 tsuŋ13*
* Jiuping 九平 (Ndị Bugan na Han ndị China); Asụsụ Bugan: *pə55 tsiaŋ31*
* Shibeipo 石北坡 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: *pə55 ɕe13*
* Xinzhai 新寨 (Ndị China Bugan na Han); Asụsụ Bugan: *li̠31 laŋ13*
* Malong 马龙 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: *pə55 ɣu31*
* Nala 那拉 (Bugan na Han ndị China)

### Li Yunbing (2005)

Dika nyocha nke Li Yunbing (2005) mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị Bugan, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ezinụlọ 500+ na mmadụ 2,700+, bi n'ebe ndị a.

* Laowalong 老挖龙, Nasa Township 那洒镇; asụsụ Bugan: *pə31 loŋ55*
* Xinwalong 新挖龙; asụsụ Bugan: *pə31 tɕoŋ55*
* Xiaoping 小坪寨 ; Asụsụ Bugan: *pə31 tɕaŋ55*
* Nala 那腊; asụsụ Bugan: *pə31 pʰja44*
* Jiuping 九坪, Obodo Zhuanjiao 篆角乡 (Chongtian Township 冲天乡); asụsụ Bugan: *pə31 tɕa̠ŋ31*
* Shibeipo 石碑坡; asụsụ Bugan: *pə55 ɕe24*
* Manlong 曼龙; Bugan asụsụ: *pu31ɣu31*

Li Yunbing na-ejikwa okwu Bùgēng (布赓) n'ọnọdụ Bùgān (布甘).

## Ndị mmadụ

Aka ndị Bugan bụ *pə55 ka̠n33*, ebe ndị Han China gbara ya gburugburu na-akpọ ha *Huazu* ( Chinese ; n'ụzọ nkịtị "ndị ifuru") ma ọ bụ *Hualo* ( Chinese ) n'ihi uwe ha mara mma. Aha njirimara ndị ọzọ bụ *pu55 qe̠ŋ44* (na Manlong, Xichou County ) na *pə55 qe̠ŋ44* (na Nala na Xinwalong na Guangnan County ). Ha bụ obere agbụrụ a na-amataghị, ma na-ekewa ugbu a dị ka Yi . Ndị Bugan bụ endogamous, ya mere ha anaghị alụkarị ndị sitere na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ

Ndị Bugan na-eme ememme ụbọchị ọhụrụ nke ha n'April nke kalenda ọnwa ndị China, nke dị iche na nke afọ ọhụrụ Chinese Han.

* Ụda na akara mmuke (\*): /q h / na /v/, ka a na-anụ naanị n'olumba dị iche iche.
* Ụda ụyọkọ consonant Prenasal gụnyere /ᵐd, ᵐd͡z, ᵐt͡s, ᵐt͡sʰ/.
* A na-anụ ụda /t͡s, t͡sʰ, ⁿd͡z/ ka alveolo-palatal [t͡ɕ, t͡ɕʰ, ᶮd͡ʑ] mgbe aga /i/.

### Udaume

Enwere ihe dị iche n'etiti ụdaume-akpịrị akwara na ụdaume lax-akpịrị ( larịị).

|  | N'ihu | Central | Azu |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| larịị | ike | larịị | ike | larịị | ike |
| Mechie | i | y | i |  | ɯ | u | ɯ | u |
| N'etiti etiti | e | e | ə | o |
| Oghere-etiti | ɛ | ɛ | ɔ |
| Mepee |  | a | a |  |

## Ihe ndetu

## Ntụaka

mba ụwa amabeghị ịdị adị nke asụsụ Bugan ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Enwere ihe dị ka nd
# Ndị Naijiria na China

| Nigerians in China |
| --- |
| Total population |
|
10,000 (2014) |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Guangzhou |
| Language(s) |
|
Chinese, Nigerian English, Igbo, and other languages of Nigeria |
| Religion(s) |
|  |

Ndị Naịjirịa nọ na China bụ ndị si Naịjirịa kwaga ibi na China dị ka ndị mba ọzọ.

## Ọnụọgụ mmadụ

Dịka onye omeiwu Naịjirịa, Senatọ David Mark siri kwuo na njem òtù gara China n’ọnwa Mee afọ 2014, e nwere ihe dịka ndị Naịjirịa puku iri na nde mmadụ iri bi na China. Ndị Naịjirịa juru na Guangzhou, obodo dị na steeti Guangdong nke nwere ọtụtụ ndị Afrịka bi. Onye nnọchiteanya China na Naịjirịa, Gu Xiaojie, kwuru na 2015 na ndị Naịjirịa bụ ndị Afrịka kacha ọtụtụ bi na China.

## Lee kwa

* Ndị Afrịka nọ na Guangzhou
* Ndị China Africa
* Mmekọrịta China na Naịjirịa

## Ntụaka
# Belarus

| Republic nke Belarus
(*Рэспубліка Беларусь*) |
| --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|  |  |

 |
| Location nke Belarus  |
| **Íshí oche** | Minsk
 |
| Asụsụ obodo | belarus |

**Belarus** (asụsụ belarus: *Рэспубліка Беларусь*), nke ana-kpo kwa, *Republic nke Belarus* bụ otu obodo no na Obodo Békè.

## Lee nke ozo

* Obodo Békè

 **Ala no n'ime Obodo BékèSovereign states**

Albania **·**
Andorra **·**
Austria **·**
Azerbaijan‎1 **·**
Belarus **·**
Belgium **·**
Bosnia na Herzegovina **·**
Bulgaria **·**
Chekia **·**
Denmark2 **·**
Estoniya **·**
Finland **·**
France2 **·**
Greece **·**
Hungary **·**
Iceland **·**
Ireland **·**
Italy **·**
Jémanị **·**
Kazakhstan1 **·**
Kroatia **·**
Latvia **·**
Liechtenstein **·**
Lithunia **·**
Luxembourg **·**
Malta **·**
Moldova **·**
Monako **·**
Montenegro **·**
Mpaghara Russia‎1 **·**
Netherlands2 **·**
North Macedonia **·**
Norwe2 **·**
Obodoézè Nà Ofú2 **·**
Poland **·**
Portugal2 **·**
Romania **·**
San Marino **·**
Serbia **·**
Slovakia **·**
Slovenia **·**
Spain2 **·**
Sweden **·**
Switzerland **·**
Turkey1 **·**
Ama Ukwu Vatikan **·**
Yukrain

**Partly recognized**

Kosovo **·**
Transnistria

**Dependencies**  |  **Unrecognized**
Åland (Fi) **·**
Färoe Islands (Dk) **·**
Gibraltar (UK) **·**
Guernsey (UK) **·**
Isle of Man (UK) **·**
Jersey (UK)

1 Partly no n'ime Asia
2 Ikpe n'èzí Obodo Békè
# Asụsụ Favorlang

| Favorlang |
| --- |
| Spoken in: |   |
| Region: |  |
| Total speakers: | — |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit  Western Plains Formosan   **Favorlang** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | — |
|

**Favorlang** bụ asụsụ Formosan ekpochapụla nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Babuza . Ọ bụ ezie na Favorlang onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Taiwanese Paul Jen-kuei Li na-ewere dị ka asụsụ dị iche, n'agbanyeghị ya na Babuza nwere njikọ chiri anya. N'ezie, aha *Favorlang* sitere na *Babuza* . [ 1 ] N'aka nke ọzọ, Favorlang nwekwara ike nọchite anya olumba Babuza n'oge mbụ, ebe ọ bụ na e debere Favorlang n'etiti narị afọ nke 17, ebe Babuza bụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ Japan debere ya naanị n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 20. [ 2 ]

## fonology

Favorlang agabigala mgbanwe ụda ndị a. Ewezuga \*t, \*s, \*Z> /t/ Njikọta, mgbanwe ụda ndị a niile bụ asụsụ Taokas, Babuza, Papora, Hoanya, na Thao na-ekekọrịta. [ 3 ]

1. Njikọta nke PAn \*n na \*ŋ dị ka /n/
2. Njikọ nke \*t, \*s, \*Z dị ka /t/
3. Njikọ nke \* N na \* S 1 dị ka /s/
4. Mfu zuru oke nke \*k, \*q, \*H
5. Mfu akụkụ nke \*R, \*j, gụnyere mfu nke ikpeazụ \*-y na \*-w
6. \*s (n'ọnọdụ mbụ na etiti) > /t/

## Isi mmalite

Ebe data dị mma bụ: [ 4 ]

* Happart (1650). *Woorden boek der Favorlangsche Taal* (in nl).  Later translated into English:
	+ Happart [1650] (1840). *Dictionary of the Favorlang Dialect of the Formosan language* (in en).
* 5 sermons and various prayers, questions, and answers on Christianity by Jacobus Vertrecht [Wikidata] (1647–1651), a Dutch pastor
* Word lists collected by Naoyoshi Ogawa in the early 1900s (unpublished manuscripts dated 1900, 1901, and 1930; others are undated)
	+ Notebooks 1, 2, 3, and 5, now kept by ILCAA (Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa) and TUFS (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) – call number "OA052"
	+ Notebook 4, now kept at the Anthropological Institute, Nanzan University – call number "v. 1-2-1"

## Ihe atụ

| Favorlang | Ntụgharị asụsụ |
| --- | --- |
| *Namoa tamau tamasea paga de boesum, ipa-dass-a joa naan.* | Nna-ayi, Nke bi n'elu-igwe, Ka ito aha-Gi. [ 7 ] |
| Ka-ina paga ta Jehova oa Deosoe, tamasea pina-ijor ijo.... | Mụ onwe m bụ Jehova, bụ́ Chineke gị, onye duuru gị. . . . [ 7 ] |

Ekpere Onyenwe Anyị
**Lua error in Module:Unicode\_data at line 483: attempt to index field 'scripts' (a boolean value).**

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

ikekwe ndị Kenan na-emetụta ya. Ihe akaebe siri ike adịghị, na Samalian kacha mma ka a na-
# Asụsụ Basay

**Basay** bụ asụsụ Formosan nke ndị Basay, Qauqaut na Trobiawan na-asụ gburugburu Taipei nke oge a na ugwu Taiwan . Trobiawan, Linaw, na Qauqaut bụ olumba ndị ọzọ ( *lee asụsụ East Formosan* ).

A na-enwetakarị data Basay site na ndetu ubi Erin Asai nke 1936, nke anakọtara site n'aka onye agadi Basay ọkà okwu na Shinshe, Taipei, yana nke ọzọ dị na Yilan onye na-asụ olumba Trobiawan (Li 1999). Otú ọ dị, ndị Taiwanese nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'okwu onye Shinshe, na onye ozi Trobiawan, aha ya bụ Ipai, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu Kavalan n'okwu ya.

Li (1992) kpọbatara asụsụ Basaic anọ: Basay, Luilang, Nankan, Puting. Nankan na Puting dị nso na Kavalan, ebe Luilang dị iche.

## Syntax

Enwere ihe nrịbama nhọrọ anọ na Basay (Li 1999:646).

* a - nominative, ligature (olumba Shinshe)
* ta – nominative (olumba Trobiawan)
* li – mpaghara (olumba Shinshe)
* u – oblique (olumba Trobiawan)

Ụfọdụ okwu ọrụ gụnyere (Li 1999):

* pai 'ọdịnihu'

Ndị mmegide Trobiawan gụnyere (Li 1999):

* mia 'not' (olumba Shinshe: mayu 'ọbụghị (ma)')
* asi 'emela' (olumba Shinshe: manai 'don't')
* (m) oke 'achọghị'
* (asụsụ Shinshe: kualau 'adịghị adị')

Ee – onweghị ajụjụ ka akara *u ~ nu* (Li 1999:657).

## Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

Ngwaa Basay, dị ka ngwaa Kavalan, mata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe nnọchi anya nnọchite anya (AF) na nleba anya ndidi (PF) ngwaa (Li 1999:650). prefixes zuru oke na- na ni- bụ allomorphs .

Sistemụ Focus Basay| Ụdị nganiihu | Anọpụ iche | Zuru oke | Ọdịnihu |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Agụmakwụkwọ lekwasịrị anya (AF) | -m-, m- | na-mi- | -eme-... -a, m-...-a |
| Nlekwasị anya onye ọrịa (PF) | - | ni- | -au |
| Ebe elekwasị anya (LF) | -an | na-... -an | -aị |

## Nkpọaha

Mkpọaha Basay n'okpuru si na Li (1999:639).

Nkọwa aha nke Basay|  | Anọpụ iche | Nhọpụta | Genitive | Oblique |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Onye mbụ | otu | yaku | kpo,-ku | maku-, -aku; nku, -ak | yakuan, kuan, kuan |
| otutu | excl. | yami | -mi | yami, -ami; nna, -am | yamian, ebe, ebe |
| gụnyere. | mita | kita, -ita | mita, -ita; nita, -ta | ... ,... , tianan |
| Onye nke abụọ | otu | isu | kisu, -su | misu, -su; nisu, -su ~ -bụ | afọ, afọ, afọ |
| otutu | imu | Kim, -mu | -imu; nka, -im | ime,... , imuanan |
| Onye nke atọ | otu | - | -a | - | - |
| otutu | - | -a | - | - |

## Ntụaka

### Ihe ndetu

Basay ọkà okwu na Shinshe, Taipei, yana nke ọzọ dị na Yilan onye na-asụ olumba Trobiawan

### Ntụaka n'ozuzu

* Li (1999). "Some Problems in the Basay Language", in Zeitoun: *Selected Papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics* (in en). Taipei: Academia Sinica, 635–664.
* Inō (2012). *Píngpǔzú diàochá lǚxíng: Yīnéng jiājǔ "Táiwān tōngxìn" xuǎnjí* (in zh). Taibei Shi: Yuanliu. ISBN 9789573268932.

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Greenhill (2008). "The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics". *Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online* **4**: 271–283. DOI:10.4137/ebo.s893. PMID 19204825.

* ABVD: Basai/Laurent Sagart
* ABVD: Basay/Paul Jen-kuei Li (李壬癸)
# Taiwan Sign Language

**Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Taiwan** (**TSL**; Chinese: 台灣手語; pinyin: *Táiwān Shǒuyǔ*) bụ asụsụ ogbi nke ndị ntị chiri na ndị ọ na ahia arụ ịnụ ihe na Taiwan na-ejikarị akpa nkata.

E nwere olumba abụọ bụ isi nke TSL nke hiwere isi na abụọ n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ atọ bụ isi na Taiwan bụ asụsụ ndị ogbi: otu na Taipei, nke ọzọ na Tainan City. E nwere ụdị dị iche iche dabere na Taichung, mana asụsụ ndị ogbi a bụ otu ihe ahụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Tainan.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Mmalite nke asụsụ ogbi nke Taiwan malitere n'afọ 1895. TSL sitere na Asụsụ Ogbi nke Japan n'oge ọchịchị Japan. A na-ewere TSL dị ka akụkụ nke ezinụlọ Asụsụ Ogbi nke Japan. Ọ bụ akụkụ ụfọdụ ndị nwere nghọta n'otu n'otu yana ma Asụsụ Ogbi nke Japan na Asụsụ Ogbi nke Korea; o nwere ihe dịka pasentị iri isii nke myirịta okwu na JSL.

Mgbe ROC weghaara ọchịchị Taiwan, Taiwan batara ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ Asụsụ Ogbi nke Ndị China si China bụ́ ndị metụtara TSL site na Ụzọ Nkụzi na Okwu Mbinye Ego.

Nnyocha asụsụ siri ike banyere TSL malitere n'afọ 1970 ma na-aga n'ihu. Emere Symposium mba ụwa mbụ gbasara asụsụ ndị ogbi Taiwan Linguistics na Machị 1–2, 2003, na Mahadum National Chung Cheng na Minxiong, Chiayi County, Taiwan.

## Ihe nrịbama ọrụ

Dịka asụsụ ndị ogbi ndị ọzọ, TSL na-agụnye ihe na-abụghị akaụntị na okwu, okwu ndị e ji eme ihe, okwu mkparịta ụka, na ọrụ mmetụta uche. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ibuli ihu elu na ịkpụ isi, ihu iwe, ịma jijiji isi na ife isi, na ịdakwasị na ịtụgharị ahụ.

## N'ọdịnala ama ama

Ihe nkiri akụkọ uche nke afọ 2020 nke akpọrọ *The Silent Forest* ji ọtụtụ ụdị Taipei nke TSL mee ihe n'okwu a.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụkwu ihe

* (2010) "Variation in East Asian sign language structures", *Sign Languages*. Cambridge University Press, 499–518. DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511712203.023. ISBN 978-0-521-88370-2.
* Huteson, Greg (2003). "Report on Social, Educational, and Sociolinguistic Issues that Impact the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Population of Taiwan". *SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2003-020*.
* Moratto, Riccardo (2020). *[[[:Templeeti:Google books URL]] Taiwan Sign Language Interpreting: Theoretical Aspects and Pragmatic Issues]*. New York: Peter Lang. DOI:10.3726/b17072. ISBN 9781433177439.
* Sasaki, Daisuke (2007). "Comparing the lexicons of Japanese Sign Language and Taiwan Sign Language: a preliminary study focusing on the difference in the handshape parameter", *Sign Language in Contact: Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities*. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press, 123–150. DOI:10.2307/j.ctv2rr3fxz.8. ISBN 9781563683565. OCLC 154789790.
* Templeeti:Cite Gallaudet Encyclopedia
* Smith, Wayne H. (2005). "Taiwan Sign Language research: an historical overview". *Language and Linguistics* **6** (2): 187–215.
* (1999) *Shou Neng Sheng Ch'iao*, 13th, Taipei: National Association of the Deaf in the Republic of China.

## Njikọ mpụga

* TSL Online Dictionary (in English and Traditional Chinese)
* Sign Language Dictionary from Ministry of Education Republic of China (Taiwan)(in traditional Chinese)
# Asụsụ Bahau

| Bahau |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | Indonesia  |
| Region: | Borneo |
| Total speakers: | 19,000 |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit  Malayo-Polynesian   Greater North Borneo ?    Kayanic     Kayan–Murik      Kayan       **Bahau** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | `bhv` |
|

Bahau (Kajan) bụ asụsụ Kayanic nke Borneo..

## Njikọ mpụga

Templeeti:Greater North Borneo languages
# Asụsụ Kanowit

| Kanowit *Tanjong* |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | Malaysia, Brunei  |
| Region: | Sarawak and neighboring Brunei |
| Total speakers: | 200 |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit  Malayo-Polynesian   North Bornean    Melanau–Kajang     Melanau      **Kanowit** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | `kxn` |
|

Asụsụ Kanowit, nke a na-akpọkwa Serau Tet Kanowit (asụsụ nke ndị Kanowit), bụ Asụsụ Austronesian a na-asụ na Sarawak, Malaysia na mmalite Borneo.  A na-enwe ya na àgwà Tanjong (nke a na-asụkwa Tanjung), nke a na-ekwu okwu n'elu osimiri dị nso n'obodo Kapit.  Tanjong nwere ike ịbụ abụ dị iche na Kanowit.  Otú ọ dị, abụọ ahụ na-ekerịta aha kxn na ISO 639-3 ugbu a.[1]  A na-asụ ụzọ Kanowit na Kampung Bedil, obodo dị ihe dịka otu kilomita n'elu nọrọ Rajang site na Kanowit Town..

## Okwu

Ụfọdụ okwu Kanowit sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Bekee:

| Kanowit | Bekee |
| --- | --- |
| Baha | 'osikapa a na-etinye n'osikapa', 'mkpụrụ' |
| Bala | 'banana' |
| buyaʔ | 'n'ihi na' |
| kapan | 'dị arọ' |
| Khebeh | 'nwụrụ' |
| lakəy | 'ogologo (afọ) ' |
| N'oge na-adịghị anya | 'dị nkọ' |
| Mmanụ ala | 'ụra' |
| mərəw | 'nwanyi' |
| Musuŋ | 'egbugbere ọnụ', 'ọnụ' |
| nəlabaw | 'na-arịọ' |
| ñaga | 'ịsacha' |
| Pọloʔon | 'iri' |
| sak | 'red', 'ripe' |
| sidəp | 'Ọkụ ọkụ' |
| supat | 'na-agbaji' |
| N'ihi ya, ọ bụ | 'Rhinoceros hornbill' |
| Tọnnawan | 'onye' |
| tigah | 'nke kwụ ọtọ' |
| ubaʔ | 'okwu' |
| Ugbụgba | 'onye ogbi' |

## Ihe odide
# Asụsụ Kuijau

| Kuijau |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | Malaysia  |
| Region: | Sabah |
| Total speakers: | ? |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit  Malayo-Polynesian   North Bornean    Southwest Sabahan     Dusunic      Dusun       **Kuijau**Templeeti:Infobox Language/script |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | `dkr` |
|

Kuijau (Kuiyow), dị ka Hill Dusun, bụ akara Austronesia nke Sabah, Malaysia.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* A na-etinye ihe ndị dị na Kuijau na nchịkọta Arthur Capell (AC2) nke Paradisec nwere.
# Asụsụ Tatas

| Tatana' |
| --- |
| Spoken in: |  |
| Total speakers: | 21,000 |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit  Malayo-Polynesian   Western Indonesian?    Greater North Bornean?     North Bornean      Sabahan       Southwest        Murutic–Papar–Tatana         **Tatana'** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | `txx` — Tatana' |
|

| Sabah Bisaya |
| --- |
| Spoken in: |  |
| Total speakers: |  |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit  Malayo-Polynesian   Western Indonesian?    Greater North Bornean?     North Bornean      Sabahan       Southwest        Dusunic–Paitanic         Bisaya–Lotud–Dusunic?          Bisaya–Lotud           **Sabah Bisaya** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | `bsy` — Sabah Bisaya |
|

Tatana (Tatanaq) bụ Sabah\_language" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sabahan language">Asụsụ Sabahan a na-asụ na Sabah, Malaysia. N'ihi obere, ọ na-esiri ike ma Tatana ahụ otu ụdị n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ a na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị Bisaya na-ewere anya dị ka ụdị nke Bisaya na-asụ asụsụ na-eji njikọ.  na-enwe onwe ha dị ka ụzọ nke ndị Dusun nke Borneo (2013:360) kewara Tatana (ya na Papar) dị ka Murutic kama Dusunic..

## Ihe odide

* Lobel, Jason William 2013. *Asụsụ Philippine na North Bornean: nsogbu na nkọwa, subgrouping, na reconstruction*. Ph.D. edemede. Manoa: Mahadum nke Hawai'i na Manoa.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Pekkanen (1998). **Buuk do tinulisan do talu bansa' gia' = Buku frasa tiga bahasa = A trilingual phrase book; Tatana' - Bahasa Malaysia - English**. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Jabatan Muzium Sabah. ISBN 9789839638196.
# Asụsụ Selungai Murut

| Selungai Murut |
| --- |
| Spoken in: | Malaysia, Indonesia  |
| Region: | Borneo |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit  Malayo-Polynesian   North Bornean    Southwest Sabahan     Murutic      **Selungai Murut** |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1: | *none* |
| ISO 639-2: | `—` |
| ISO 639-3: | `slg` |
|

Selungai Murut bụ egwuregwu Ndị Murut nke Borneo na-asụ.

## Ihe odide

Templeeti:Greater North Borneo languages
# Asụsụ Tring

**Tring** bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Borneo, na Sarawak, Malaysia . *Ethnologue* na-ekewa asụsụ dị ka egwu.

## Ntụaka

Asụsụ obofo

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Sidney H. Ray. 1913. Asụsụ nke Borneo . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Sarawak 1 (4). 1-196.
* Robert Blust. 2010. The Greater North Borneo Hypothesis. Asụsụ Oceanic 49(1). 44-118. JSTOR 40783586

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta Robert Blust Kaipuleohone gụnyere ihe edere maka Tring

Templeeti:Bornean languages
# Gujarati language

Gujarati Language
Gujarati (/ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːti/; Gujarati script: ? ? ? ?, : Gujarātī, pronounced ) bụ asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke a mụrụ na steeti India nke Gujarat ma bụrụ nke ndị **Gujarati** na-asụkarị. Gujarati bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu ezinụlọ asụsụ Indo-European. Gujarati sitere na Old Gujarati (ihe dị ka ). Na India, ọ bụ asụsụ gọọmentị na steeti Gujarat, yana asụsụ gọọmentụ na mpaghara Dadra na Nagar Haveli na Daman na Diu. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2011, Gujarati bụ asụsụ nke isii a na-asụkarị na India site n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụrụ ya, nke nde mmadụ 55.5 na-asuru ya nke ruru ihe dị ka 4.5% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India. Ọ bụ asụsụ nke iri abụọ na isii a na-asụkarị n'ụwa site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụrụ ya n'afọ 2007.

Asụsụ Gujarati dị ihe karịrị 1,000 afọ ma ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 55 na-asụ ya n'ụwa niile. Na mpụga Gujarat, ndị njem Gujarati na-asụ Gujarati n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke South Asia, ọkachasị na Mumbai na Pakistan (karịsịa na Karachi). Ndị ọbịa Gujarati na-asụkwa Gujarati n'ọtụtụ mba na mpụga South Asia. Na North America, Gujarati bụ otu n'ime asụsụ India na-eto ngwa ngwa na nke a na-asụkarị na United States na Canada. Na Europe, Gujaratis bụ obodo nke abụọ kachasị na mpaghara ndị na-ekwu okwu South South Asia, na Gujarati bụ asụsụ nke anọ a na-asụkarị na isi obodo UK London. A na-asụkwa Gujarati na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa, ọkachasị na Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, na South Africa. N'ebe ọzọ, a na-asụ Gujarati ntakịrị na Hong Kong, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, na mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa dịka Bahrain na United Arab Emirates.

## Ntụaka
# Ǹzù

ómárí

class used in Universal Decimal Classification, formal science, branch of philosophy, core branches of philosophy| Obere ụdị nke | scientific study  |
| Akụkụ nke | ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ, ákọ na uche  |
| Nwere mmetụta | logical consequence  |
| Bụ ọmụmụ nke | logical system, condition, conclusion, validity  |
| Hashtag | logic  |
| Ndị n'eme ya | logician  |

  From Wikidata
**Ǹzù** (ya bụ *Logic* nà okwu bàkê, okwu siri ekwu λογική logikē na asụsụ Greurikì) bu iụe ịhẹmú maka Í che ihe. Ha ne jí ómárí na ihe mmemmé ómúmú ihe échichè, mànà ha na mú ya na oge imérímé na ílúnílú, nzuógügü, na ọbià komputa. Ómárí ne lé ahú okwú na óka gi ji, ahú nke di ọma, na nke bu ngò. O bu ótu échichè. Na ólúnólú, ómúmú ómárí dàrà na ámá ómáríómá, nke na jü: "Otù ólé ka anyị shi má ihe ányị mà?" Na nzuógügü, ọ bu ómúmú ihe ji òfọ.

Ómárí shì ébé iche iche; nke bú kwá Ndia, China na Greece. Ómárí di na mgbe Aristotle, onye kéré ya na imerime na ámá ílúnílú. Ómúmú ómárí so mgbe mbu trivium nke iche mkpà.

Averroes si ómárí "bu ihe orürü hé jì a ma ihe di iche na ezíokwu na okwu ngò"; Richard Whately, "Ọbia, na Nká Í chéfụtá ihe"; na Frege, "Ọbia nílé nke gbasara íwú eziokwu nke dakotara na ihe níle".

Ómárí kéfù na nkeji abụọ, échichè oganiru na échichè nke nwéfụ. Nke mbu dọrọ ómámma nke nílé shi atụ nke di ímé ímé ihe ha ne lé, na nke échichè nke nwéfu dọrọ ómámma nke i léfụ ihe shí íshí ihe na ihe madu si bu eziokwu. Nke díkà di íchè, búrú nke Aristotle jì, bu nlè na nlé ime ihe na ihe kpákótárá. Ngá nke mbu nwèrè ótụ ihe ọmúmú na ọ lèlè òtú o kèrè. Nke gbárá abụọ chèkòtàrà otù nkeji gi jikodo Í ké nke ótụ. Ha na mu ómári na ómúmú ajüjü okwúnókwú.
# Ulrich Herbert

Ulrich Herbert
**Ulrich Herbert** (amụrụ n'ụbọchị 24 onwa Septemba afọ 1951) bụ onye Germany na-ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọkachamara n'oge Nazi na akụkọ ihe mere na Germany n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Herbert bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Freiburg (Emeritus kemgbe ọdịda 2019). N'afọ 1999, Herbert natara Ihe nrite Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a. Ọ dezigharịrị *Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndi Europe na narị afọ nke 20*, usoro nyocha iri nke ndị ọkà mmụta German.

## Akwụkwọ

* Herbert (1991). *A History of Foreign Labor in Germany, 1880-1980: Seasonal Workers/Forced Laborers/Guest Workers*. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472101595.
* Herbert (1993). "Labour and Extermination: Economic Interest and the Primacy of Weltanschauung in National Socialism": 144–195.
* Herbert (1995). "Immigration, Integration, Foreignness: Foreign Workers in Germany since the Turn of the Century": 91–93.
* Herbert (1996). *Werner Best biographische Studien über Radikalismus, Weltanschauung und Vernunft, 1903-1989* (in German). J.H.W. Dietz. ISBN 978-3801250195.
* Herbert (1997). *Hitler's Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labour in Germany Under the Third Reich*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521025303.
* Herbert (1999). "Academic and Public Discourses on the Holocaust: The Goldhagen Debate in Germany". *German Politics & Society* **17** (3): 35–53. DOI:10.3167/104503099782486824.
* Herbert (2000). "Forced Laborers in the "Third Reich". *International Labor and Working-Class History*: 192–218. DOI:10.1017/S0147547900003677.
* Herbert (2000). *National-socialist Extermination Policies: Contemporary German Perspectives and Controversies* (in German). Berghahn Books. ISBN 1571817514.
* Herbert (2007). "Europe in High Modernity. Reflections on a Theory of the 20th Century". *Journal of Modern European History* **5** (1): 5–21. DOI:10.17104/1611-8944\_2007\_1\_5.
* Herbert (2016). *Das Drittes Reich: Geschichte einer Diktatur* (in German). C. H. Beck. ISBN 978-3406722400.
* Herbert (2019). *A History of 20th-Century Germany*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190070649.
* Herbert (2021). *Wer waren die Nationalsozialisten?* (in German). C.H. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-76898-9.

## Ntụaka

* Dr. Ulrich Herbert. Goethe-Institut. Archived from the original on 1 July 2009.
* Lehrstuhl für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Herbert (German). University of Freiburg. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010.