# Charles Fourier

| Charles Fourier |
| --- |
|  |
| Lahir | François Marie Charles Fourier (1772-04-07)7 April 1772 Besançon, Prancis |
| Meninggal | 10 Oktober 1837(1837-10-10) (umur 65) Paris, Prancis |
|  |
| Era | Filsuf abad ke-19 |
| Kawasan | Filsuf Barat |
| Aliran | Sosialisme utopis Fourierisme |
| Minat utama | Peradaban · Kerja · Ekonomi · Keinginan Komunitas intensional |
| Gagasan penting | Phalanstère "Attractive work" |
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Dipengaruhi
* Nicolas-Edme Rétif
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Memengaruhi
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Joseph Déjacque, Karl Marx, Peter Kropotkin, Walter Benjamin, Émile Armand, Paul Goodman, André Breton, Herbert Marcuse, Raoul Vaneigem, Bob Black, Hakim Bey, David Harvey
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|  |

**François Marie Charles Fourier** (/ˈfʊəriˌeɪ, -iər/; bahasa Prancis: [fuʁje]; 7 April 1772 – 10 Oktober 1837) adalah filsuf Prancis dan pemikir sosialis terdahulu yang berpengaruh, yang kemudian diasosiasikan dengan "sosialisme utopis". Sebagian pandangan sosial dan moralnya, dianggap sebagai radikal pada masanya, dan menjadi arus utama pemikiran dalam masyarakat modern. Fourier dianngap berjasa dengan mengenalkan kata *feminisme* pada 1837.

Pandangan dan anjuran sosial Fourier menginspirasi seluruh gerakan komunitas intensional. Di antaranya adalah ada di Amerika Serikat, yaitu komunitas Utopia di Ohio; La Reunion di dekat Dallas, Texas; North American Phalanx di Red Bank, New Jersey; Pertanian Brook di West Roxbury, Massachusetts (Nathaniel Hawthorne merupakan salah satu pendirinya); Community Place dan Sodus Bay Phalanx di Negara Bagian New York, dan beberapa lainnya. Pemikiran Fourier juga menginspirasi beragam pemikir dan penulis revolusioner.

## Karya Fourier

* Fourier, Charles. *Théorie des quatre mouvements et des destinées générales* .(Theory of the four movements and the general destinies), appeared anonymously in Lyon in 1808.
* Fourier, Charles. *Le Nouveau Monde amoureux*. Written 1816–18, not published widely until 1967.
* Fourier, Ch. *Œuvres complètes de Ch. Fourier*. 6 tomes. Paris: Librairie Sociétaire, 1841-1848.
* Fourier, Charles. *Oeuvres complètes de Charles Fourier*. 12 vols. Paris: Anthropos, 1966–1968.
* Jones, Gareth Stedman, and Ian Patterson, eds. *Fourier: The Theory of the Four Movements*. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.
* Fourier, Charles. *Design for Utopia: Selected Writings*. Studies in the Libertarian and Utopian Tradition. New York: Schocken, 1971. ISBN 0-8052-0303-6
* Poster, Mark, ed. *Harmonian Man: Selected Writings of Charles Fourier*. Garden City: Doubleday. 1971.
* Beecher, Jonathan and Richard Bienvenu, eds. *The Utopian Vision of Charles Fourier: Selected Texts on Work, Love, and Passionate Attraction*. Boston: Beacon Press, 1971.

## Lihat pula

* Asosiasi Alphadelphia
* Pertanian Brook
* Alphonse Toussenel, murid Fourier
* Society of the Friends of Truth
* Serikat Asosiasionis Amerika

## Referensi

## Bacaan lebih lanjut

### Tentang Fourier dan tulisannya

* Beecher, Jonathan (1986). *Charles Fourier: the visionary and his world*. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-05600-0.
* Burleigh, Michael (2005). *Earthly powers : the clash of religion and politics in Europe from the French Revolution to the Great War*. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-058093-3.
* Calvino, Italo (1986). *The Uses of Literature*. San Diego: Harcourt Brace & Company. ISBN 0-15-693250-4. pp. 213–255
* Cunliffe, J (2001). "The Enigmatic Legacy of Charles Fourier: Joseph Charlier and Basic Income", *History of Political Economy*, vol.33, No. 3.
* Denslow, V (1880). *Modern Thinkers Principally Upon Social Science: What They Think, and Why*, Chicago, 1880
* Goldstein, L (1982). "Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The St.-Simonians and Fourier", *Journal of the History of Ideas*, vol.43, No. 1.
* Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1899). *The Blythedale Romance*. London: Service and Paton. p. 59
* Pellarin, C (1846). *The Life of Charles Fourier*, New York, 1846.url= Google Books] Retrieved November 25, 2007
* « Portrait: Charles Fourier (1772-1837) ». *La nouvelle lettre*, n°1070 (12 mars 2011): 8. Diarsipkan 2011-12-06 di Wayback Machine.
* Serenyi, P (1967). "Le Corbusier, Fourier, and the Monastery of Ema", *The Art Bulletin*, vol.49, No. 4.

### Tentang Fourierisme dan pengaruh anumertanya

* Barthes, Roland *Sade Fourier Loyola*. Paris: Seuil, 1971.
* Bey, Hakim (1991). "The Lemonade Ocean & Modern Times". Diakses tanggal January 16, 2017.
* Brock, William H. Phalanx on a Hill: Responses to Fourierism in the Transcendentalist Circle. Diss., Loyola U Chicago, 1996.
* Buber, Martin (1996). *Paths in Utopia*. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0-8156-0421-1.
* Davis, Philip G. (1998). *Goddess unmasked : the rise of neopagan feminist spirituality*. Dallas, Tex.: Spence Pub. ISBN 0-9653208-9-8.
* Desroche, Henri. *La Société festive. Du fouriérisme écrit au fouriérismes pratiqués*. Paris: Seuil, 1975.
* Engels, Frederick. *Anti-Dühring*. 25:1-309. Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. Karl Marx, Frederick Engels: Collected Works [MECW]. 46 vols. to date. Moscow: Progress, 1975.
* Guarneri, Carl J. (1991). *The utopian alternative : Fourierism in nineteenth-century America*. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2467-4.
* Heider, Ulrike (1994). *Anarchism : left, right, and green*. San Francisco: City Lights Books. ISBN 0-87286-289-5.
* Kolakowski, Leszek (1978). *Main Currents of Marxism: The Founders*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-824547-5.
* Jameson, Fredric. "Fourier; or; Ontology and Utopia" at *Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions*. London & New York: Verso. 2005.

## Pranala luar

* Karya oleh/tentang Charles Fourier di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
* Karya oleh Charles Fourier di Open Library
* "Charles Fourier Prefigures Our Total Refusal" by Don LaCoss
* *Selections from the Works of Fourier* a 1901 collection
* Charles Fourier Archive at marxists.org
* (Inggris) Charles Fourier di Find a Grave
* Karya di Wikisource:
	+ "Fourierism" . *Collier's New Encyclopedia*. 1921.
	+ "Fourier, François Marie Charles" . *New International Encyclopedia*. 1905.
	+ "Fourierism" . *New International Encyclopedia*. 1905.    di Wikisource