# Daftar Kaisar Jepang

| Kaisar Jepang 天皇 |
| --- |
| Kekaisaran |
|  |
| Sedang berkuasa |
|  |
| **Naruhito** sejak 1 Mei 2019 |
|  |
|  |
| Perincian |
| Sapaan resmi | Baginda (Heika, 陛下) |
| Penguasa pertama | Kaisar Jimmu |
| Pembentukan | 660 SM |
| Kediaman | Istana Kekaisaran Tokyo
sebagai kediaman resmi |
| Situs web | Badan Rumah Tangga Kekaisaran |

Berikut daftar kaisar Jepang, satu-satunya negara modern yang kepala negaranya adalah seorang kaisar.

## Daftar kaisar

| No. | Potret | Nama pribadi | Nama anumerta | Pemerintahan dan nama era | Rincian kehidupan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Hikohohodemi 彦火火出見code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Jimmu** 神武天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 660–585 SM (75 tahun) | 721 atau 711–585 SM (126 atau 136 tahun)

---

Putra *kami* Ugayafukiaezu. Mengklaim keturunan dari dewi matahari, Amaterasu. Mengalahkan Nagasunehiko dalam Ekspedisi Timur untuk menjadi Kaisar. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 2 |  | Kamununakawamimi 神渟名川耳code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Suizei** 綏靖天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 581–549 SM (32 tahun) | 632–549 SM (83 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Jimmu. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 3 |  | Shikitsuhikotamatemi 磯城津彦玉手看code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Annei** 安寧天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 549–511 SM (37 tahun) | 567–511 SM (56 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Suizei. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 4 |  | Ōyamatohikosukitomo 大日本彦耜友code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Itoku** 懿徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 510–477 SM (33 tahun) | 553–477 SM (76 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Annei. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 5 |  | Mimatsuhikokaeshine 観松彦香殖稲code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōshō** 孝昭天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 475–393 SM (82 tahun) | 506–393 SM (113 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Itoku. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 6 |  | Yamatotarashihikokunioshihito 日本足彦国押人code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōan** 孝安天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 392–291 SM (101 tahun) | 427–291 SM (136 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kōshō. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 7 |  | Ōyamatonekohikofutoni 大日本根子彦太瓊code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōrei** 孝霊天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 290–215 SM (75 tahun) | 342–215 SM (127 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kōan. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 8 |  | Ōyamatonekohikokunikuru 大日本根子彦国牽code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōgen** 孝元天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 214–158 SM (56 tahun) | 273–158 SM (115 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kōrei. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 9 |  | Wakayamato Nekohiko Ōbibi 稚日本根子彦大日日code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kaika** 開化天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 157–98 SM (59 tahun) | 208–98 SM (110 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kōgen. Dianggap legendaris. |
| 10 |  | Mimaki 御間城code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Sujin** 崇神天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 97–30 SM (67 tahun) | 148–30 SM (118 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kaika. Kaisar pertama dengan kemungkinan langsung keberadaannya. Masih dianggap legendaris. |
| 11 |  | Ikume 活目code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Suinin** 垂仁天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 29 SM–M 70 (99 tahun) | 69 SM–M 70 (127 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Sujin. Presumed legendary. |
| 12 |  | Ōtarashihiko 大足彦code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Keikō** 景行天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 71–130 (59 tahun) | 13 SM–M 130 (143 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Suinin. Presumed legendary. |
| 13 |  | Wakatarashihiko 稚足彦code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Seimu** 成務天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 131–190 (59 tahun) | 84–190 (106 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Keikō. Presumed legendary. |
| 14 |  | Tarashinakatsuhiko 足仲彦code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Chūai** 仲哀天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 192–200 (8 tahun) | 149–200 (51 tahun)

---

Grandson of Kaisar Keikō; nephew of Kaisar Seimu. First Kaisar to ascend the throne without being the son of the previous Kaisar. Died during a campaign against the Kumaso tribe. Presumed legendary. |
| – |  | *Okinagatarashi 息長帯比売code: ja is deprecated*  | Permaisuri Jingū 神功皇后code: ja is deprecated  | *201–269 (68 tahun)* | *170–269 (99 tahun)*

---

*Wife of Kaisar Chūai; mother and regent of Kaisar Ōjin. Not counted among the officially numbered emperors. Presumed legendary.* |
| 15 |  | Homutawake 誉田別code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ōjin** 応神天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 270–310 (40 tahun) | 201–310 (109 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Chūai and Maharani Jingū. Deified in Shinto and Buddhism in Japan as Hachiman. Presumed legendary. |
| 16 |  | Ohosazaki 大鷦鷯code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Nintoku** 仁徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 313–399 (86 tahun) | 290–399 (108–109 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ōjin. Presumed legendary. |
| 17 |  | Ōenoizahowake 大兄去来穂別code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Richū** 履中天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 400–405 (5 tahun) | 336–405 (69 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Nintoku. Presumed legendary. |
| 18 |  | Mizuhawake 瑞歯別code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Hanzei** 反正天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 406–410 (5 tahun) | 352–411 (59 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Nintoku; younger brother of Kaisar Richū. Presumed legendary. |
| 19 |  | Oasatsuma Wakugo no Sukune 雄朝津間稚子宿禰code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ingyō** 允恭天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 411–453 (42 tahun) | 376–453 (77 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Nintoku; younger brother of Kaisar Richū and Kaisar Hanzei. Presumed legendary. |
| 20 |  | Anaho 穴穂code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ankō** 安康天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 453–456 (3 tahun) | 401–456 (55 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ingyō. Assassinated by Prince Mayowa. Presumed legendary. |
| 21 |  | Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru 大泊瀬稚武code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Yūryaku** 雄略天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 456–479 (23 tahun) | 418–479 (61 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ingyō; younger brother of Kaisar Ankō. Presumed legendary. |
| 22 |  | Shiraka 白髪code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Seinei** 清寧天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 480–484 (4 tahun) | 444–484 (40 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Yūryaku. Presumed legendary. |
| 23 |  | Woke 弘計code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kenzō** 顕宗天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 485–487 (2 tahun) | 450–487 (37 tahun)

---

Grandson of Kaisar Richū; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Seinei. Presumed legendary. |
| 24 |  | Oke 億計code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ninken** 仁賢天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 488–498 (10 tahun) | 448–498 (50 tahun)

---

Grandson of Kaisar Richū; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Seinei; older brother of Kaisar Kenzō. Presumed legendary. |
| 25 |  | Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki 小泊瀬稚鷦鷯code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Buretsu** 武烈天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 499–506 (7 tahun) | 489–506 (17 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ninken. Presumed legendary. |
| 26 |  | Ohodo 袁本杼code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Keitai** 継体天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 507–531 (24 tahun) | 450–531 (81 tahun)

---

5th-generation grandson of Kaisar Ōjin. Became Kaisar at the recommendation of Ōtomo no Kanamura. Possible founder of a new dynasty. Presumed legendary. |
| 27 |  | Magari 勾code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ankan** 安閑天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 534–535 (1 year) | 466–535 (69 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Keitai. Presumed legendary. |
| 28 |  | Hinokuma-no-takata 檜隈高田code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Senka** 宣化天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 536–539 (3 tahun) | 467–539 (72 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Keitai; younger brother of Kaisar Ankan. Presumed legendary. |
| 29 |  | Amekunioshiharakihironiwa 天国排開広庭code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kinmei** 欽明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 540–571 (31 tahun) | 509–571 (62 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Keitai; younger brother of Kaisar Ankan and Kaisar Senka. First historically verifiable Kaisar. |
| 30 |  | Nunakura no Futotamashiki 渟中倉太珠敷code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Bidatsu** 敏達天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 572–585 (13 tahun) | 538–585 (47 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Kinmei. |
| 31 |  | Tachibana no Toyohi 橘豊日code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Yōmei** 用明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 586–587 (1 year) | 517–587 (70 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Kinmei; half-brother of Kaisar Bidatsu. |
| 32 |  | Hatsusebe 泊瀬部code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Sushun** 崇峻天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 588–592 (4 tahun) | 522–592 (70 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Kinmei; half-brother of Kaisar Bidatsu and Kaisar Yōmei. Made Kaisar by Soga no Umako following the Soga–Mononobe conflict. Assassinated by Yamatonoaya no Koma on the orders of Soga no Umako. |
| 33 |  | Nukatabe 額田部code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Suiko** 推古天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 593–628 (35 tahun) | 554–628 (74 tahun)

---

Daughter of Kaisar Kinmei; half-sister and wife of Kaisar Bidatsu. First non-legendary female monarch. Prince Shōtoku acted as her regent. |
| 34 |  | Tamura 田村code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Jomei** 舒明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 629–641 (12 tahun) | 593–641 (48 tahun)

---

Cucu Kaisar Bidatsu; keponakan buyut Maharani Suiko. |
| 35 |  | Takara 宝code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Kōgyoku** 皇極天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 642–645 (3 tahun) | 594–661 (67 tahun)

---

Cicit perempuan Kaisar Bidatsu; istri Kaisar Jomei. Pemerintahan pertama. Turun takhta akibat insiden Isshi. |
| 36 |  | Karu 軽code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōtoku** 孝徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 645–654 (9 tahun)

---

Taika, Hakuchi | 597–654 (57 tahun)

---

Cicit Kaisar Bidatsu; adik laki-laki Maharani Kōgyoku. Nama era pertama yang ditetapkan. |
| 37 |  | Takara 宝code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Saimei** 斉明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 655–661 (6 tahun) | 594–661 (67 tahun)

---

Kakak perempuan Kaisar Kōtoku. Sebelumnya memerintah sebagai Maharani Kōgyoku. Pemerintahan kedua. |
| 38 |  | Kazuraki 葛城code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Tenji** 天智天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 662–672 (10 tahun) | 626–672 (46 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Jomei dan Maharani Kōgyoku. |
| 39 |  | Ōtomo 大友code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōbun** 弘文天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 672 (8 bulan) | 648–672 (24 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Tenji. Diturunkan dan bunuh diri selama Perang Jinshin. Tidak diakui sebagai Kaisar hingga 1870. |
| 40 |  | Ōama 大海人code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Tenmu** 天武天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 673–686 (14 tahun)

---

Shuchō | 622–686 (56 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Jomei dan Maharani Kōgyoku; adik laki-laki Kaisar Tenji. Menurunkan keponakannya, Kaisar Kōbun, selama Perang Jinshin. |
| 41 |  | Unonosarara 鸕野讚良code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Jitō** 持統天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 687–697 (10 tahun | 646–703 (57 tahun)

---

Putri Kaisar Tenji; keponakan dan istri Kaisar Tenmu. Turun takhta. |
| 42 |  | Karu 珂瑠code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Monmu** 文武天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 697–707 (10 tahun)

---

Taihō, Keiun | 683–707 (24 tahun)

---

Cucu Kaisar Tenmu dan Maharani Jitō. |
| 43 |  | Ahe 阿閇code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Genmei** 元明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 707–715 (8 tahun)

---

Keiun, Wadō | 660–721 (61 tahun)

---

Putri Kaisar Tenji; kakak tiri Maharani Jitō; ibu Kaisar Monmu. Turun takhta. |
| 44 |  | Hidaka 氷高code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Genshō** 元正天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 715–724 (9 tahun)

---

Reiki, Yōrō | 681–748 (67 tahun)

---

Putri Maharani Genmei; kakak perempuan Kaisar Monmu. Satu-satunya contoh seorang Maharani yang berkuasa mewarisi takhta dari Maharani yang berkuasa lainnya. Turun takhta. |
| 45 |  | Obito 首code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Shōmu** 聖武天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 724–749 (25 tahun)

---

Jinki, Tenpyō, Tenpyō-kanpō | 699–756 (57 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Monmu; keponakan Maharani Genshō. Turun takhta. |
| 46 |  | Abe 阿倍code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Kōken** 孝謙天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 749–758 (9 tahun)

---

Tenpyō-kanpō, Tenpyō-shōhō, Tenpyō-hōji | 718–770 (52 tahun)

---

Putri Kaisar Shōmu. Pemerintahan pertama. Turun takhta. |
| 47 |  | Ōi 大炊code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Junnin** 淳仁天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 758–764 (6 tahun)

---

Tenpyō-hōji | 733–765 (32 tahun)

---

Cucu Kaisar Tenmu; sepupu Maharani Kōken. Diturunkan. Secara anumerta dinamai Kaisar pada tahun 1870. |
| 48 |  | Abe 阿倍code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Shōtoku** 称徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 764–770 (6 tahun)

---

Tenpyō-hōji, Tenpyō-jingo, Jingo-keiun | 718–770 (52 tahun)

---

Menurunkan sepupunya, Kaisar Junnin. Sebelumnya memerintah sebagai Maharani Kōken. Pemerintahan kedua. |
| 49 |  | Shirakabe 白壁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōnin** 光仁天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 770–781 (11 tahun)

---

Hōki, Ten'ō | 708–782 (73 tahun)

---

Cucu Kaisar Tenji; ipar Maharani Shōtoku. Turun takhta. |
| 50 |  | Yamabe 山部code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kanmu** 桓武天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 781–806 (25 tahun)

---

Ten'ō, Enryaku | 736–806 (70 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kōnin. |
| 51 |  | Ate 安殿code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Heizei** 平城天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 806–809 (3 tahun)

---

Daidō | 773–824 (51 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kanmu. Turun takhta. |
| 52 |  | Kamino 神野code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Saga** 嵯峨天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 809–823 (14 tahun)

---

Daidō, Kōnin | 785–842 (57 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kanmu; adik laki-laki Kaisar Heizei. Turun takhta. |
| 53 |  | Ōtomo 大伴code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Junna** 淳和天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 823–833 (10 tahun)

---

Kōnin, Tenchō | 786–840 (54 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Kanmu; adik laki-laki Kaisar Heizei dan Kaisar Saga. Turun takhta. |
| 54 |  | Masara 正良code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ninmyō** 仁明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 833–850 (17 tahun)

---

Tenchō, Jōwa, Kashō | 808–850 (41 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Saga; keponakan dan anak angkat Kaisar Junna. |
| 55 |  | Michiyasu 道康code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Montoku** 文徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 850–858 (8 tahun)

---

Kashō, Ninju, Saikō, Ten'an | 827–858 (31 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Ninmyō. |
| 56 |  | Korehito 惟仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Seiwa** 清和天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 858–876 (18 tahun)

---

Ten'an, Jōgan | 850–881 (30 tahun)

---

Putra Kaisar Montoku. Turun takhta. |
| 57 |  | Sadaakira 貞明code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Yōzei** 陽成天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 876–884 (8 tahun)

---

Jōgan, Gangyō | 869–949 (80 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Seiwa. Deposed by Fujiwara no Mototsune. |
| 58 |  | Tokiyasu 時康code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōkō** 光孝天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 884–887 (3 tahun)

---

Gangyō, Ninna | 830–887 (57 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ninmyō; great uncle of Kaisar Yōzei. Became Kaisar at the recommendation of Fujiwara no Mototsune. |
| 59 |  | Sadami 定省code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Uda** 宇多天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 887–897 (10 tahun)

---

Ninna, Kanpyō | 866–931 (65 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Kōkō. Abdicated. |
| 60 |  | Atsuhito 敦仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Daigo** 醍醐天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 897–930 (33 tahun)

---

Kanpyō, Shōtai, Engi, Enchō | 884–930 (46 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Uda. Abdicated. |
| 61 |  | Yutaakira 寛明code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Suzaku** 朱雀天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 930–946 (16 tahun)

---

Enchō, Jōhei, Tengyō | 921–952 (30 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Daigo. Abdicated. |
| 62 |  | Nariakira 成明code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Murakami** 村上天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 946–967 (21 tahun)

---

Tengyō, Tenryaku, Tentoku, Ōwa, Kōhō | 924–967 (42 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Daigo; younger brother of Kaisar Suzaku. |
| 63 |  | Norihara 憲平code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Reizei** 冷泉天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 967–969 (2 tahun)

---

Kōhō, Anna | 949–1011 (62 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Murakami. Abdicated. |
| 64 |  | Morihira 守平code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar En'yū** 円融天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 969–984 (15 tahun)

---

Anna, Tenroku, Ten'en, Jōgen, Tengen, Eikan | 958–991 (32 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Murakami; younger brother of Kaisar Reizei. Abdicated. |
| 65 |  | Morosada 師貞code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kazan** 花山天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 984–986 (2 tahun)

---

Eikan, Kanna | 968–1008 (39 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Reizei; nephew of Kaisar En'yū. Abdicated. |
| 66 |  | Kanehito 懐仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ichijō** 一条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 986–1011 (25 tahun)

---

Kanna, Eien, Eiso, Shōryaku, Chōtoku, Chōhō, Kankō | 980–1011 (31 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Kaisar En'yū. Abdicated. |
| 67 |  | Okisada 居貞code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Sanjō** 三条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1011–1016 (5 tahun)

---

Kankō, Chōwa | 975–1017 (42 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Reizei; half-brother of Kaisar Kazan; cousin of Kaisar Ichijō. Abdicated. |
| 68 |  | Atsuhira 敦成code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Ichijō** 後一条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1016–1036 (20 tahun)

---

Chōwa, Kannin, Jian, Manju, Chōgen | 1008–1036 (27 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ichijō; cousin of Kaisar Sanjō. |
| 69 |  | Atsunaga 敦良code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Suzaku** 後朱雀天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1036–1045 (9 tahun)

---

Chōgen, Chōryaku, Chōkyū, Kantoku | 1009–1045 (37 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ichijō; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Ichijō. Abdicated. |
| 70 |  | Chikahito 親仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Reizei** 後冷泉天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1045–1068 (23 tahun)

---

Kantoku, Eishō, Tengi, Kōhei, Jiryaku | 1025–1068 (42 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Suzaku. |
| 71 |  | Takahito 尊仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Sanjō** 後三条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1068–1073 (5 tahun)

---

Jiryaku, Enkyū | 1032–1073 (40 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Suzaku; half-brother of Kaisar Go-Reizei. Abdicated. |
| 72 |  | Sadahito 貞仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Shirakawa** 白河天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1073–1087 (14 tahun)

---

Enkyū, Jōhō, Jōryaku, Eihō, Ōtoku | 1053–1129 (76 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Sanjō. Abdicated. |
| 73 |  | Taruhito 善仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Horikawa** 堀河天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1087–1107 (20 tahun)

---

Kanji, Kahō, Eichō, Jōtoku, Kōwa, Chōji, Kajō | 1079–1107 (28 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Shirakawa. |
| 74 |  | Munehito 宗仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Toba** 鳥羽天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1107–1123 (16 tahun)

---

Kajō, Tennin, Ten'ei, Eikyū, Gen'ei, Hōan | 1103–1156 (53 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Horikawa. Forced to abdicate by Kaisar Shirakawa. |
| 75 |  | Akihito 顕仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Sutoku** 崇徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1123–1142 (19 tahun)

---

Hōan, Tenji, Daiji, Tenshō, Chōshō, Hōen, Eiji | 1119–1164 (45 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Toba. Abdicated. Attempted to depose Kaisar Go-Shirakawa during the Hōgen rebellion. |
| 76 |  | Narihito 体仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Konoe** 近衛天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1142–1155 (13 tahun)

---

Eiji, Kōji, Ten'yō, Kyūan, Ninpei, Kyūju | 1139–1155 (16 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Toba; half-brother of Kaisar Sutoku. |
| 77 |  | Masahito 雅仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Shirakawa** 後白河天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1155–1158 (3 tahun)

---

Kyūju, Hōgen | 1127–1192 (64 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Toba; younger brother of Kaisar Sutoku; half-brother of Kaisar Konoe. Abdicated. |
| 78 |  | Morihito 守仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Nijō** 二条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1158–1165 (7 tahun)

---

Hōgen, Heiji, Eiryaku, Ōhō, Chōkan | 1143–1165 (22 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Shirakawa. Abdicated. |
| 79 |  | Nobuhito 順仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Rokujō** 六条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1165–1168 (3 tahun)

---

Chōkan, Eiman, Nin'an | 1164–1176 (11 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Nijō. Deposed by Kaisar Go-Shirakawa. |
| 80 |  | Norihito 憲仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Takakura** 高倉天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1168–1180 (12 tahun)

---

Nin'an, Kaō, Jōan, Angen, Jishō | 1161–1181 (19 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Shirakawa; half-brother of Kaisar Nijō; uncle of Kaisar Rokujō. Forced to abdicate by Taira no Kiyomori. |
| 81 |  | Tokohito 言仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Antoku** 安徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1180–1185 (5 tahun)

---

Jishō, Yōwa, Juei, Genryaku | 1178–1185 (6 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Takakura. Died at the Battle of Dan-no-ura during the Genpei War. |
| 82 |  | Takahira 尊成code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Toba** 後鳥羽天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1183–1198 (15 tahun)

---

Juei, Genryaku, Bunji, Kenkyū | 1180–1239 (58 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Takakura; half-brother of Kaisar Antoku. Made Kaisar by Kaisar Go-Shirakawa during the Genpei War. Kamakura shogunate turned the Kaisar into a figurehead. Abdicated. Attempted to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate during the Jōkyū War. |
| 83 |  | Tamehito 為仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Tsuchimikado** 土御門天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1198–1210 (12 tahun)

---

Kenkyū, Shōji, Kennin, Genkyū, Ken'ei, Jōgen | 1196–1231 (35 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Toba. Persuaded by Kaisar Go-Toba to abdicate. Exiled following the Jōkyū War. |
| 84 |  | Morinari 守成code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Juntoku** 順徳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1210–1221 (11 tahun)

---

Jōgen, Kenryaku, Kempo, Jōkyū | 1197–1242 (44 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Toba; half-brother of Kaisar Tsuchimikado. Forced to abdicate following the Jōkyū War. |
| 85 |  | Kanenari 懐成code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Chūkyō** 仲恭天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1221 (2 months)

---

Jōkyū | 1218–1234 (15 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Juntoku. Deposed and exiled following the Jōkyū War. Posthumously named Kaisar in 1870. |
| 86 |  | Yutahito 茂仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Horikawa** 後堀河天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1221–1232 (11 tahun)

---

Jōkyū, Jōō, Gennin, Karoku, Antei, Kangi, Jōei | 1212–1234 (22 tahun)

---

Grandson of Kaisar Takakura; first cousin of Kaisar Chūkyō. Abdicated. |
| 87 |  | Mitsuhito 秀仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Shijō** 四条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1232–1242 (10 tahun)

---

Jōei, Tenpuku, Bunryaku, Katei, Ryakunin, En'ō, Ninji | 1231–1242 (10 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Horikawa. |
| 88 |  | Kunihito 邦仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Saga** 後嵯峨天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1242–1246 (4 tahun)

---

Ninji, Kangen | 1220–1272 (51 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Tsuchimikado; second cousin of Kaisar Shijō. Abdicated. |
| 89 |  | Hisahito 久仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Fukakusa** 後深草天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1246–1260 (14 tahun)

---

Kangen, Hōji, Kenchō, Kōgen, Shōka, Shōgen | 1243–1304 (61 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Saga. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated at the insistence of Kaisar Go-Saga. |
| 90 |  | Tsunehito 恒仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kameyama** 亀山天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1260–1274 (14 tahun)

---

Shōgen, Bun'ō, Kōchō, Bun'ei | 1249–1305 (56 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Saga; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Fukakusa. From the Daikakuji line. Abdicated. |
| 91 |  | Yohito 世仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Uda** 後宇多天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1274–1287 (13 tahun)

---

Bun'ei, Kenji, Kōan | 1267–1324 (56 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Kameyama. From the Daikakuji line. Forced to abdicate by Kaisar Go-Fukakusa. |
| 92 |  | Hirohito 熈仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Fushimi** 伏見天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1287–1298 (11 tahun)

---

Kōan, Shōō, Einin | 1265–1317 (52 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Fukakusa. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated. |
| 93 |  | Tanehito 胤仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Fushimi** 後伏見天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1298–1301 (3 tahun)

---

Einin, Shōan | 1288–1336 (48 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Forced to abdicate by the Daikakuji line. Traditional dates used. |
| 94 |  | Kuniharu 邦治code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Nijō** 後二条天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1301–1308 (7 tahun)

---

Shōan, Kengen, Kagen, Tokuji | 1285–1308 (23 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Uda. From the Daikakuji line. |
| 95 |  | Tomihito 富仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Hanazono** 花園天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1308–1318 (10 tahun)

---

Enkyō, Ōchō, Shōwa, Bunpō | 1297–1348 (51 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Agreed to alternate control of the throne between the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines. |
| 96 |  | Takaharu 尊治code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Daigo** 後醍醐天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1318–1339 (21 tahun)

---

Bunpō, Gen'ō, Genkō (1321–24), Shōchū, Karyaku, Gentoku, Genkō (1331–34), Kenmu, Engen | 1288–1339 (50 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Uda; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Nijō. From the Daikakuji line. Kamakura shogunate ended in the Genkō War. Brief imperial rule during the Kenmu Restoration. Opposed the Ashikaga shogunate. Became the first Kaisar of the Southern Court. |
| 97 |  | Noriyoshi 義良code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Murakami** 後村上天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1339–1368 (29 tahun)

---

Engen, Kōkoku, Shōhei | 1328–1368 (40 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Daigo. Second Kaisar of the Southern Court. Southern Court briefly took the Northern Court's capital, Kyoto, during the Kannō disturbance. |
| 98 |  | Yutanari 寛成code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Chōkei** 長慶天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1368–1383 (15 tahun)

---

Shōhei, Kentoku, Bunchū, Tenju, Kōwa | 1343–1394 (51 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Murakami. Third Kaisar of the Southern Court. Abdicated. |
| 99 |  | Hironari 熙成code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Kameyama** 後亀山天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1383–1392 (9 tahun)

---

Kōwa, Genchū | ca 1347–1424 (ca 77 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Murakami; younger brother of Kaisar Chōkei. Fourth and last Kaisar of the Southern Court. Agreed to peace with the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of the Northern Court line. |
| *(1)* |  | *Kazuhito 量仁code: ja is deprecated*  | Kaisar Kōgon 光厳天皇code: ja is deprecated  | *1331–1333 (2 tahun)*

---

*Gentoku, Shōkyō* | *1313–1364 (51 tahun)*

---

*Son of Kaisar Go-Fushimi; nephew and adopted son of Kaisar Hanazono. From the Jimyōin line. Made the first Kaisar of the Northern Court by the Kamakura shogunate during the Genkō War. Deposed by Kaisar Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.* |
| *(2)* |  | *Yutahito 豊仁code: ja is deprecated*  | Kaisar Kōmyō** 光明天皇code: ja is deprecated*  | *1336–1348 (12 tahun)*

---

*Kenmu, Ryakuō, Kōei, Jōwa* | *1322–1380 (58 tahun)*

---

*Son of Kaisar Go-Fushimi; younger brother of Kaisar Kōgon. Made second Kaisar of the Northern Court by the Ashikaga shogunate. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.* |
| *(3)* |  | *Okihito* *興仁code: ja is deprecated*  | Kaisar Sukō** 崇光天皇code: ja is deprecated*  | *1348–1351 (3 tahun)*

---

*Jōwa, Kannō* | *1334–1398 (64 tahun)*

---

*Son of Kaisar Kōgon; nephew of Kaisar Kōmyō. Third Kaisar of the Northern Court. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.* |
| *(4)* |  | *Iyahito 彌仁code: ja is deprecated*  | Kaisar Go-Kōgon** 後光厳天皇code: ja is deprecated*  | *1352–1371 (19 tahun)*

---

*Bunna, Kōan, Jōji, Ōan* | *1338–1374 (36 tahun)*

---

*Son of Kaisar Kōgon; younger brother of Kaisar Sukō. Became the fourth Kaisar of the Northern Court after the Kannō disturbance. Abdicated.* |
| *(5)* |  | *Ohito 緒仁code: ja is deprecated*  | Kaisar Go-En'yū** 後円融天皇code: ja is deprecated*  | *1371–1382 (11 tahun)*

---

*Ōan, Eiwa, Kōryaku, Eitoku* | *1359–1393 (34 tahun)*

---

*Son of Kaisar Go-Kōgon. Fifth Kaisar of the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of Kaisar Go-Komatsu.* |
| *(6)* |  | Motohito 幹仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Komatsu** 後小松天皇code: ja is deprecated  | *1382–1392 (10 tahun)*

---

*Eitoku, Shitoku, Kakei, Kōō, Meitoku* | 1377–1433 (56 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-En'yū*.* Sixth and last Kaisar of the Northern Court from 1382 until 1392. Became the legitimate Kaisar following Kaisar Go-Kameyama's abdication. Agreed to alternate control of the throne by the Northern Court and the Southern Court. All emperors after him are from the Northern line. |
| 100 | 1392–1412 (20 tahun)

---

Meitoku, Ōei |
| 101 |  | Mihito 実仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Shōkō** 称光天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1412–1428 (16 tahun)

---

Ōei, Shōchō | 1401–1428 (27 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Komatsu. |
| 102 |  | Hikohito 彦仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Hanazono** 後花園天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1428–1464 (36 tahun)

---

Shōchō, Eikyō, Kakitsu, Bun'an, Hōtoku, Kyōtoku, Kōshō, Chōroku, Kanshō | 1419–1471 (51 tahun)

---

Great-grandson of Northern Kaisar Sukō; third cousin of Kaisar Shōkō. Abdicated. Traditional dates used. |
| 103 |  | Fusahito 成仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Tsuchimikado** 後土御門天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1464–1500 (36 tahun)

---

Kanshō, Bunshō, Ōnin, Bunmei, Chōkyō, Entoku, Meiō | 1442–1500 (58 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Hanazono. Ōnin War led to the start of the Sengoku period. |
| 104 |  | Katsuhito 勝仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Kashiwabara** 後柏原天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1500–1526 (26 tahun)

---

Meiō, Bunki, Daiei | 1462–1526 (64 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Tsuchimikado. Imperial rule in the Ashikaga shogunate reached its lowest point in his reign. |
| 105 |  | Tomohito 知仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Nara** 後奈良天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1526–1557 (31 tahun)

---

Daiei, Kyōroku, Tenbun, Kōji | 1495–1557 (62 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Kashiwabara. |
| 106 |  | Michihito 方仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ōgimachi** 正親町天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1557–1586 (29 tahun)

---

Kōji, Eiroku, Genki, Tenshō | 1517–1593 (76 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Nara. Ashikaga shogunate overthrown by Oda Nobunaga. Abdicated. |
| 107 |  | Katahito 周仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Yōzei** 後陽成天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1586–1611 (25 tahun)

---

Tenshō, Bunroku, Keichō | 1571–1617 (46 tahun)

---

Grandson of Kaisar Ōgimachi. Tokugawa shogunate established. Sengoku period ended. |
| 108 |  | Kotohito 政仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Mizunoo** 後水尾天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1611–1629 (18 tahun)

---

Keichō, Genna, Kan'ei | 1596–1680 (84 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Yōzei. Japan implements isolationist policy. Purple Robe Incident led to his abdication. |
| 109 |  | Okiko 興子code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Meishō** 明正天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1629–1643 (14 tahun)

---

Kan'ei | 1624–1696 (72 tahun)

---

Daughter of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo. Abdicated. |
| 110 |  | Tsuguhito 紹仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Kōmyō** 後光明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1643–1654 (11 tahun)

---

Kan'ei, Shōhō, Keian, Jōō | 1633–1654 (21 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo; younger brother of Maharani Meishō. |
| 111 |  | Nagahito 良仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Sai** 後西天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1655–1663 (8 tahun)

---

Jōō, Meireki, Manji, Kanbun | 1638–1685 (47 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo; younger half-brother of Maharani Meishō and Kaisar Go-Kōmyō. Abdicated. |
| 112 |  | Satohito 識仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Reigen** 霊元天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1663–1687 (24 tahun)

---

Kanbun, Enpō, Tenna, Jōkyō | 1654–1732 (78 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Go-Sai. Abdicated. |
| 113 |  | Asahito 朝仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Higashiyama** 東山天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1687–1709 (22 tahun)

---

Jōkyō, Genroku, Hōei | 1675–1710 (34 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Reigen. Abdicated. |
| 114 |  | Yasuhito 慶仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Nakamikado** 中御門天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1709–1735 (26 tahun)

---

Hōei, Shōtoku, Kyōhō | 1702–1737 (35 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Higashiyama. Abdicated. |
| 115 |  | Teruhito 昭仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Sakuramachi** 桜町天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1735–1747 (12 tahun)

---

Kyōhō, Genbun, Kanpō, Enkyō | 1720–1750 (30 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Nakamikado. Abdicated. |
| 116 |  | Tōhito 遐仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Momozono** 桃園天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1747–1762 (15 tahun)

---

Enkyō, Kan'en, Hōreki | 1741–1762 (20 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Sakuramachi. Abdicated. |
| 117 |  | Toshiko 智子code: ja is deprecated  | **Maharani Go-Sakuramachi** 後桜町天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1762–1771 (9 tahun)

---

Hōreki, Meiwa | 1740–1813 (73 tahun)

---

Daughter of Kaisar Sakuramachi; younger sister of Kaisar Momozono. |
| 118 |  | Hidehito 英仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Go-Momozono** 後桃園天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1771–1779 (8 tahun)

---

Meiwa, An'ei | 1758–1779 (21 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Momozono; nephew of Maharani Go-Sakuramachi. |
| 119 |  | Morohito 師仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōkaku** 光格天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1780–1817 (37 tahun)

---

An'ei, Tenmei, Kansei, Kyōwa, Bunka | 1771–1840 (69 tahun)

---

Great-grandson of Kaisar Higashiyama; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Go-Momozono. Abdicated. |
| 120 |  | Ayahito 恵仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Ninkō** 仁孝天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1817–1846 (29 tahun)

---

Bunka, Bunsei, Tenpō, Kōka | 1800–1846 (46 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Kōkaku. |
| 121 |  | Osahito 統仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Kōmei** 孝明天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1846–1867 (21 tahun)

---

Kōka, Kaei, Ansei, Man'en, Bunkyū, Genji, Keiō | 1831–1867 (35 tahun)

---

Son of Kaisar Ninkō. Reigned during the Bakumatsu period during which Japan ended its isolationist policy and changed from Tokugawa rule to Imperial rule. Last instance of an Kaisar with multiple era names. |
| 122 |  | Mutsuhito 睦仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Meiji** 明治天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 3 February 1867 – 30 July 1912 (7004166130000000000♠45 tahun, 178 hari)

---

Keiō, Meiji | 3 November 1852 – 30 July 1912 (Aged 59)

---

Son of Kaisar Kōmei. Ended the Tokugawa Shogunate with the Meiji Restoration (3 January 1868). First Kaisar of the Empire of Japan. |
| 123 |  | Yoshihito 嘉仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Taishō** 大正天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 30 July 1912 – 25 December 1926 (7003526100000000000♠14 tahun, 148 hari)

---

Taishō | 31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926 (Aged 47)

---

Son of Kaisar Meiji. Taishō Democracy shifted political power from the genrō to the Imperial Diet and political parties. His eldest son, Crown Prince Hirohito, served as *Sesshō* (摂政code: ja is deprecated ; "Regent") from 1921 to 1926 because of Taishō's illness. |
| 124 |  | Hirohito 裕仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Shōwa** 昭和天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 25 December 1926 – 7 January 1989 (7004226590000000000♠62 tahun, 13 hari)

---

Shōwa | 29 April 1901 – 7 January 1989 (Aged 87)

---

Son of Kaisar Taishō. Served as *Sesshō* from 1921 to 1926. Last Kaisar of the Empire of Japan. Reign saw World War II and post-war economic miracle. Longest reigning verifiable Kaisar in Japanese history. |
| 125 |  | Akihito 明仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Heisei** 平成天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 7 January 1989 – 30 April 2019 (7004110700000000000♠30 tahun, 113 hari)

---

Heisei | born 23 December 1933 (Age 92)

---

Son of Kaisar Shōwa. Abdicated and later referred to as *Jōkō* (上皇code: ja is deprecated ; "Kaisar Emeritus"). Longest living verifiable Kaisar. |
| 126 |  | Naruhito 徳仁code: ja is deprecated  | **Kaisar Reiwa** 令和天皇code: ja is deprecated  | 1 May 2019 – *present* (7003260100000000000♠7 tahun, 44 hari)

---

Reiwa | born 23 February 1960 (Age 66)

---

Son of Kaisar Heisei. Referred to as *Kinjō Tennō* (今上天皇code: ja is deprecated ; "the Reigning Kaisar") or *Tennō Heika* (天皇陛下code: ja is deprecated ; "His Majesty the Kaisar"). |

## Referensi

* Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982). *Lessons from History: the 'Tokushi yoron'*. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702214851; OCLC 157026188
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). *Gukanshō: The Future and the Past*. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). *Nihon Ōdai Ichiran*; ou, *Annales des empereurs du Japon*. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
* Varley, H. Paul. (1980). *Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns*. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842

Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tanda `<ref>` untuk kelompok bernama "lower-roman", tapi tidak ditemukan tanda `<references group="lower-roman"/>` yang berkaitan