# Robert Chambers

| Robert Chambers |
| --- |
| Robert Chambers |
| Lahir | 10 Juli 1802 Peebles, Peeblesshire, Skotlandia |
| Meninggal | 17 Maret 1871 St Andrews, Fife, Skotlandia |
| Pemakaman | St Regulus Chapel, St Andrews |
| Pekerjaan | Co-founder and partner, W & R Chambers, Penerbit, Edinburgh |
| Kebangsaan | Skotlandia |
| Kewarganegaraan | Britania Raya |
| Pendidikan | The High School, Edinburgh |
| Karya terkenal | *Traditions of Edinburgh* (1824) *The Picture of Scotland* (1827) *Histories of the Rebellions in Scotland* *Vestiges of Creation* (1844) *Ancient Sea-margins* (1848) |
| Pasangan | Dua kali menikah |
| Anak | Putra: Robert Chambers (1832-88) |
| Kerabat | Ibu: Jean Gibson saudara laki-laki: William Chambers (1800-83) Cucu: Violet Tweedale |

**Robert Chambers** (10 Juli 1802 – 17 Maret 1871) adalah seorang penerbit, geolog, pemikir evolusi, penulis dan penyunting jurnal Skotlandia yang (seperti saudara tertua-nya dan partner bisnis-nya William Chambers) memiliki pengaruh tinggi pada pertengahan abad ke-19 dalam lingkaran ilmu pengetahuan dan politik.

## Pernikahan

Pada tanggal 7 Desember 1829 Robert menikahi Anne Kirkwood, anak tunggal dari John Kirkwood.

## Karya

### Tulisan

* *The Kaleidoscope, or Edinburgh Literary Amusement*. October, 1821-January, 1822.
* *Illustrations of the Author of Waverley*. 1822.
* *Traditions of Edinburgh*. 1824.
* *Notices of the Most Remarkable Fires with have Occurred in Edinburgh*. 1825.
* *Walks in Edinburgh*. 1825.
* *Popular Rhymes of Scotland*. 1826.
* *Picture of Scotland*. 1827.
* *History of the Rebellion of 1745*. 1828.
* *Scottish Ballads*. 1829.
* *Scottish Songs*. 1829.
* *The Picture of Stirling*. 1830.
* *Life of King James I*. 1830.
* *Gazetteer of Scotland* (dengan William Chambers). 1832.
* *Scottish Jests and Anecdotes*. 1832.
* *Life of Sir Walter Scott*. 1832.
* *History of Scotland*. 1832.
* *Reekiana, or Minor Antiquities of Edinburgh*. 1833.
* *Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen*. 1833–1835.
* *Life and Works of Burns* (berdasarkan pada edisi Currie). 1834.
* *Jacobite Memoirs of the Rebellion*. 1834.
* *History of the English Language and Literature*. 1835.
* *Poems*. 1835.
* *The Land of Burns* (dengan Profesor John Wilson). 1840.
* *Cyclopaedia of English Literature* (dengan Robert Carruthers). 1840.
* *History of the Rebellion of 1745*. 1840.
* *Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation* (penerbitan secara anonim). 1844.
* *Twelve Romantic Scottish Ballads*. 1844.
* *Explanations: A Sequal* (published anonymously). 1845.
* *Select Writings of Robert Chambers*, in seven volumes. 1847.
* *Ancient Sea Margins*. 1848.
* *Tracings of the North of Europe*. 1851.
* *Life and Works of Robert Burns*. 1851.
* *Tracings of Iceland and the Faroe Islands*. 1856.
* *Domestic Annals of Scotland*. 1859–1861.
* *Sketch of the History of Edinburgh Theatre Royal*. 1859.
* *Memoirs of a Banking House, by Sir William Forbes* (ed. R. Chambers). 1859.
* *Edinburgh Papers*. 1861.
* *Songs of Scotland Prior to Burns*. 1862.
* Preface to Daniel Dunglas Home: *Incidents in My Life*, serial pertama. 1863.
* *The Book of Days*. 1864.
* *Life of Smollett*. 1867.
* *The Threiplands of Fingask*. 1880.

### Manuskrip yang tidak dipublikasikan

* Life and Preachings of Jesus Christ, from the Evangelists.
* A Catechism for the Young.
* Private Prayers and Meditations.
* Antiquarian Papers.
* Several papers on spiritualism.

### Suntingan dan Kontribusi

* *Chambers's Edinburgh Journal*. 1832 ff.
* *Chambers's Information for the People*. 1833–1835.
* *Chambers's Educational Course*. 1835 ff.

## Kutipan

* Chambers, Robert (1844). *Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation*. London: John Churchill. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi penerbit (link)
* Chambers, Robert (1845). *Explanations: A Sequel to "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"*. London: John Churchill. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi penerbit (link)
* Chambers, Robert (1853). *Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, 10th ed*. London: John Churchill. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi penerbit (link)
* Chambers, Robert (1860). *Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, 11th ed*. London: John Churchill. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi penerbit (link)
* Chambers, William (1872). *Memoir of Robert Chambers,; With Autobiographical Reminisces of William Chambers*. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & co.
* Chambers, Robert (1884). *Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, 12th ed. with a preface by Alexander Ireland*. Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers.
* Millhauser, Milton (1959). *Just Before Darwin: Robert Chambers and Vestiges*. Wesleyan University.
* Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (2006). *Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index (Volume I)* (PDF). Edinburgh: Royal Society of Edinburgh. hlm. 174. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-09-19. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-06.

## Bacaan tambahan

* Layman, C.H., ed. (1990). *Man of Letters: The Early Life and love letters of Robert Chambers*. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0193-7.
* Macfarlane, Iris; Macfarlane, Alan. *The Life of Robert Chambers* (Edisi rough draft). Diakses tanggal March 2014.
* Secord, James A., ed. (1994). *Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation and other Evolutionary Writings*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-10073-1.   Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi penerbit (link) (Contains facsimiles of the 1st editions of *Vestiges* and *Explanations*)
* Secord, James A. (2001). *Victorian Sensation: The Extraordinary Publication, Reception, and Secret Authorship of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-74410-0. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2008-05-16. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-06.   Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi penerbit (link)

## Pranala luar

* Works by or about Robert Chambers at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
* Works by Robert Chambers at Google Books (scanned books original editions illustrated)
* Works by Robert Chambers at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
* Robert Chambers, *Poems* (1835), and *Popular Rhymes, Fireside Stories, & Amusements of Scotland* (1842), complete texts.
* Arsip-arsip yang berhubungan dengan Robert Chambers terdaftar di The National Archives (Britania Raya)