# Cetacea

| Cetacea Rentang waktu: Eosen awal - sekarang
 |
| --- |
|  |
| Searah jarum jam dari atas: paus sperma (Physeter macrocephalus), lumba-lumba sungai Amazon (Inia geoffrensis), paus paruh Blainville (Mesoplodon densirostris), paus sikat selatan (Eubalaena australis), narwhal (Monodon monoceros), paus bungkuk (Megaptera novaeangliae), orca (Orcinus orca), paus abu-abu (Eschrichtius robustus) dan pesut pelabuhan (Phocoena phocoena). |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah  |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Kelas: | Mammalia |
| Ordo: | Artiodactyla |
| *Klad*: | Cetaceamorpha |
| Infraordo: | Cetacea Brisson, 1762 |
| Parvordo |
|
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Archaeoceti (punah) |
| Diversitas |
| Sekitar 88 spesies |

Pengamatan
Ordo **Cetacea** (L. cetus, paus) termasuk paus, lumba-lumba dan pesut. *Cetus* adalah bahasa Latin dan digunakan dalam penamaan biologi yang berarti "paus"; pengertian awalnya, "binatang laut besar", lebih umum. Kata Cetacea berasal dari Yunani Kuno κῆτος (kētos), “paus" atau "ikan atau monster laut besar". Cetologi adalah cabang ilmu pengetahuan kelautan yang mempelajari ilmu mengenai Cetacea.

Ordo ini terdiri dari lebih dari 89 spesies. Anggota-anggotanya beradaptasi dengan kehidupan air, dengan tubuh fusiform.

## Karakteristik

Cetacea berevolusi dari ungulata darat berkuku genap (yang menjelaskan penempatannya di ordo Artiodactyla), dengan bagian kaki depan berevolusi menjadi sirip, sementara kaki belakang mengecil menjadi organ vestigial. Semua jenis cetacea memiliki lapisan lemak yang tebal di bawah kulitnya.

Pada umumnya, anggota cetacea memiliki tengkorak yang mengalami perpanjangan secara asimetris. Cetacea juga memiliki struktur yang memungkinkan diterimanya getaran ekolokasi.

## Taksonomi

|  |
| --- |
| Kladogram hubungan antara Cetacea yang masih ada maupun yang sudah punah: |
|

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  **Cetacea**  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Odontoceti  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Delphinoidea  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  Monodontidae  |  Paus beluga & Narwhal  |
|  |
|  Phocoenidae  |  Porpois  |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  Delphinidae  |    |
| (Lumba‑lumba sejati) |

 |
|  |
|  Inioidea  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  Iniidae  |
|  |
|  |  Pontoporiidae  |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  Lipotidae  |
Baiji & kerabatnya  |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  Ziphiidae  |    |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  Platanistidae  |    |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  Kogiidae  |  Paus sperma kerdil & kerabatnya  |
|  |
|  Physeteridae  |  Paus sperma & kerabatnya  |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
| (Paus bergigi) |
|  Mysticeti  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  Balaenopteridae  |    |
|  |
|  Eschrichtiidae  |  Paus kelabu & kerabatnya  |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  Neobalaenidae  |    |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  Balaenidae  |    |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |  *Janjucetus* (punah) |
|  |

 |
| (Paus balin, 25 mya) |

 |
|  |
|  |  *Basilosaurus* (punah)  |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |  *Dorudon* (punah) |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |  *Rodhocetus* (punah) |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |  Remingtonocetidae (punah)  |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |  Ambulocetidae (punah)  |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |  Pakicetidae (punah) |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |  Raoellidae (punah) |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
| {{{1}}} |

## Referensi

## Pranala luar

* ARKive - images and movies of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Diarsipkan 2016-04-26 di Archive.is
* Tree of Life illustration showing how Cetacea relates to other lifeforms Diarsipkan 2015-02-10 di Wayback Machine.
* images and movies of Whales and Dolphins. Text is in French
*  American Cetacean Society
* British Cetacean Site especially interesting is taxonomy Diarsipkan 2007-02-04 di Wayback Machine.
* Cetacea.org homepage
* Walker's Mammals of the World Online - Cetaceans Diarsipkan 2004-10-11 di Wayback Machine.
* Tursiops.org: Current Cetacean-related news Diarsipkan 2009-01-05 di Wayback Machine.
* Dolphins and Whales on Science Daily
* All About Dolphins: Information and News Concerning Dolphins and other Cetacea
*  Sounds of the cetaceans, bioindicators, acoustic trauma, acoustic signals
* Cetacea Evolution Diarsipkan 2008-05-29 di Wayback Machine. - by Douglas J. Futuyma