# Progymnospermae

**Progymnospermae** adalah kelompok tumbuhan purba yang punah. Ciri-cirinya seperti tumbuhan berkayu dengan spora sebagai cara reproduksinya dan mungkin berasal dari trimerophyta dan kemudian mengarah pada perkembangan tumbuhan berbiji terbuka, yang merupakan nenek moyang dari kelompok itu sendiri dan tumbuhan berbunga.

| ProgymnospermaeRentang waktu:  |
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| Fosil dedaunan *Archaeopteris* |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah |
| Kerajaan: | Plantae |
| *Klad*: | Tracheophyta |
| Kelas: | †Progymnospermopsida |
| Kelompok yang termasuk |
|
Ordo:
* †Aneurophytales
* †Protopityales
* †Archaeopteridales
* †Noeggerathiales
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Beberapa ciri-ciri lainnya:

* Kambium dengan potensi pertumbuhan tak hingga, juga memiliki pembuluh kayu dan pembuluh tapis.
* Nenek moyang tumbuhan berbiji paling awal serta pohon sejati pertama.
* Menunjukkan pertumbuhan kaki tunggal yang kuat.
* Beberapa bereproduksi secara **heterospora** tetapi ada beberapa juga yang bereproduksi secara **homospora**.

## Filogeni

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| Tracheophyta |

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†Rhyniopsida |
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Lycopodiophytina |
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†*Eophyllophyton* |
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†Trimerophytopsida |
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| Moniliformopses |
Polypodiophytina (Tumbuhan paku) |
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| Radiatopses |

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|   |  †*Pertica* |
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| Lignophyta |

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|   |  †Aneurophytopsida  |
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| Metalignophyta |

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|   |  †Protopityales Nemejc 1963 |
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|   |  †Archaeopteridales |
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|   |  †Noeggerathiales Nemejc emend. J. Wang *et al*. 2021 |
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|   |  Spermatophytina (Tumbuhan berbiji) |
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Progymnospermophyta |

## Catatan kaki

## Referensi

## Pranala luar

* Progymnospermophyta
* Botany: an introduction to plant biology