# Sistem klasifikasi APG IV

Evolusi angiospermae ditampilkan dalam format diagram, per APG IV
**Sistem klasifikasi APG IV** adalah versi keempat dari sistem taksonomi tumbuhan modern yang sebagian besar berbasis molekul untuk tumbuhan berbunga (angiospermae) yang dikembangkan oleh *Angiosperm Phylogeny Group* (APG). Sistem ini diterbitkan pada tahun 2016, tujuh tahun setelah Sistem klasifikasi APG III diterbitkan (tahun 2009), dan 18 tahun setelah Sistem klasifikasi APG pertama diterbitkan (tahun 1998). Pada tahun 2009, susunan linier sistem diterbitkan secara terpisah. Makalah APG IV memuat susunan seperti itu, dengan referensi silang ke makalah tahun 2009.

Dibandingkan dengan sistem klasifikasi APG III, sistem klasifikasi APG IV mengenali lima ordo baru (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales dan Vahliales) bersamaan dengan beberapa famili baru, sehingga total menjadi 64 ordo dan 416 famili angiospermae. Secara umum, penulis menggambarkan filosofi mereka sebagai "konservatif", berdasarkan pada perubahan dari APG III hanya jika "kebutuhan yang didukung dengan baik" telah ditunjukkan. Hal ini terkadang mengakibatkan penempatan yang tidak sesuai dengan penelitian yang dipublikasikan, tetapi memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut sebelum klasifikasi dapat diubah.

## Detail Klasifikasi

Kunci simbol yang digunakan:

\* = famili telah ditambah atau batasannya diubah sejak sistem klasifikasi APG III tahun 2009

+ = ordo telah ditambahkan sejak sistem klasifikasi APG III

### Basal angiospermae

* Amborellales Melikyan et al.
	+ Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons.
* Nymphaeales Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Hydatellaceae U.Hamann
	+ Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons.
* Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal
	+ Austrobaileyaceae Croizat, nom. cons.
	+ Trimeniaceae Gibbs, nom. cons.
	+ Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons.

### Magnoliidae

* Canellales Cronq.
	+ Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons.
	+ Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons.
* Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Saururaceae Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons.
	+ Piperaceae Giseke, nom. cons.
	+ Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. \* (termasuk Asaraceae Vent., Hydnoraceae C.Agardh, nom. cons., Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons.)
* Magnoliales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Myristicaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Degeneriaceae I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons.
	+ Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons.
	+ Eupomatiaceae Orb., nom. cons.
	+ Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Laurales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
	+ Siparunaceae Schodde
	+ Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons.
	+ Atherospermataceae R.Br.
	+ Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons.
	+ Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons.

### Silsilah independen: tidak ditempatkan pada klad yang lebih inklusif

* Chloranthales Mart.
	+ Chloranthaceae R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.

### Monocotyl

* Acorales Mart.
	+ Acoraceae Martinov
* Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Araceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Tofieldiaceae Takht.
	+ Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons.
	+ Butomaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
	+ Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Scheuchzeriaceae F.Rudolphi, nom. cons.
	+ Aponogetonaceae Planch., nom. cons.
	+ Juncaginaceae Rich., nom. cons. \*
	+ Maundiaceae Nakai \*
	+ Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Potamogetonaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons
	+ Posidoniaceae Vines, nom. cons.
	+ Ruppiaceae Horan., nom. cons.
	+ Cymodoceaceae Vines, nom. cons.
* Petrosaviales Takht.
	+ Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons.
* Dioscoreales Mart.
	+ Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon
	+ Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (tidak monofiletik.)
	+ Dioscoreaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
* Pandanales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons.
	+ Velloziaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
	+ Stemonaceae Caruel, nom. cons.
	+ Cyclanthaceae Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Pandanaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
* Liliales Perleb
	+ Campynemataceae Dumort.
	+ Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons.
	+ Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.
	+ Petermanniaceae Hutch, nom. cons.
	+ Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons.
	+ Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Ripogonaceae Conran & Clifford
	+ Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons.
	+ Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Asparagales Link
	+ Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Boryaceae M.W.Chase et al.
	+ Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford
	+ Asteliaceae Dumort.
	+ Lanariaceae H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren
	+ Hypoxidaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Doryanthaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford
	+ Ixioliriaceae Nakai (sebagai **Ixiolirionaceae**, ejaannya diperbaiki)
	+ Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., nom. cons.
	+ Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Xeronemataceae M.W.Chase et al.
	+ Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. prop. (termasuk Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons.)
	+ Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
	+ Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Arecales Bromhead
	+ Dasypogonaceae Dumort.
	+ Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (=**Palmae** Juss., nom. cons.)
* Commelinales Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw
	+ Commelinaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
	+ Philydraceae Link, nom. cons.
	+ Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Haemodoraceae R.Br., nom. cons.
* Zingiberales Griseb.
	+ Strelitziaceae Hutch., nom. cons.
	+ Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons.
	+ Heliconiaceae Vines
	+ Musaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Marantaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Costaceae Nakai
	+ Zingiberaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
* Poales Small
	+ Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Xyridaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons.
	+ Eriocaulaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
	+ Mayacaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons.
	+ Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Restionaceae R.Br., nom. cons. \* (termasuk Anarthriaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw, Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons.)
	+ Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C.Sm.
	+ Ecdeiocoleaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw
	+ Poaceae Barnhart, nom. cons. (= **Gramineae** Juss., nom. cons.)

### Kemungkinan saudara dari eudicotyl

* Ceratophyllales Link
	+ Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons.

### Eudicotyl

* Ranunculales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Eupteleaceae K.Wilh., nom. cons.
	+ Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons.
	+ Lardizabalaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Proteales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons.
	+ Nelumbonaceae A.Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Platanaceae T.Lestib., nom. cons.
	+ Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronq.
	+ Trochodendraceae Eichler, nom. cons.
* Buxales Takht. ex Reveal
	+ Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. \* (termasuk Haptanthaceae C.Nelson)

### Core eudicotyl

* Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal
	+ Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons.
	+ Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons.
* Dilleniales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl +
	+ Dilleniaceae Salisb., nom. cons.

### Superrosidae

* Saxifragales Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons.
	+ Paeoniaceae Raf., nom. cons.
	+ Altingiaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
	+ Hamamelidaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons.
	+ Daphniphyllaceae Müll.Arg., nom. cons.
	+ Iteaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
	+ Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons.
	+ Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Crassulaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
	+ Aphanopetalaceae Doweld
	+ Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai
	+ Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.
	+ Haloragaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.

#### Rosidae

* Vitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons.

##### Fabidae

* Zygophyllales Link
	+ Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Zygophyllaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
* Fabales Bromhead
	+ Quillajaceae D.Don
	+ Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= **Leguminosae** Juss., nom. cons.)
	+ Surianaceae Arn., nom. cons.
	+ Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.
* Rosales Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons.
	+ Dirachmaceae Hutch.
	+ Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
	+ Cannabaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
	+ Moraceae Gaudich., nom. cons.
	+ Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Fagales Engl.
	+ Nothofagaceae Kuprian.
	+ Fagaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.
	+ Casuarinaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Ticodendraceae Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez
	+ Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons.
* Cucurbitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Apodanthaceae Tiegh. ex Takht. \*
	+ Anisophylleaceae Ridl.
	+ Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons.
	+ Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons.
	+ Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw
	+ Datiscaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Begoniaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons.

###### klad COM; penempatannya tidak pasti

* Celastrales Link
	+ Lepidobotryaceae J. Leonard, nom. cons.
	+ Celastraceae R.Br., nom. cons.
* Oxalidales Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Huaceae A.Chev.
	+ Connaraceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Oxalidaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Cunoniaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Elaeocarpaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons.
* Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.
	+ Irvingiaceae Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. \* (termasuk Allantospermum Forman)
	+ Ctenolophonaceae Exell & Mendonça
	+ Rhizophoraceae Pers., nom. cons.
	+ Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons.
	+ Bonnetiaceae L.Beauvis. ex Nakai
	+ Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= **Guttiferae** Juss., nom. cons.)
	+ Calophyllaceae J.Agardh
	+ Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Caryocaraceae Voigt, nom. cons.
	+ Lophopyxidaceae H.Pfeiff.
	+ Putranjivaceae Meisn.
	+ Centroplacaceae Doweld & Reveal
	+ Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons.
	+ Trigoniaceae A.Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons.
	+ Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti
	+ Chrysobalanaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Humiriaceae A.Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons.
	+ Violaceae Batsch, nom. cons.
	+ Goupiaceae Miers
	+ Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons.
	+ Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons.
	+ Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
	+ Peraceae Klotzsch \*
	+ Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. \*
	+ Linaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.
	+ Ixonanthaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons. \*
	+ Picrodendraceae Small, nom. cons.
	+ Phyllanthaceae Martinov, nom. cons.

##### Malvidae

* Geraniales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Francoaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. \* (termasuk Bersamaceae Doweld, Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons., Ledocarpaceae Meyen, Melianthaceae Horan., nom. cons., Rhynchothecaceae A.Juss., Vivianiaceae Klotzsch, nom. cons.)
* Myrtales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Combretaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Lythraceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
	+ Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Vochysiaceae A.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
	+ Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Crypteroniaceae A.DC., nom. cons.
	+ Alzateaceae S.A.Graham
	+ Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons.
* Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal
	+ Aphloiaceae Takht.
	+ Geissolomataceae A.DC., nom. cons.
	+ Strasburgeriaceae Tiegh., nom. cons.
	+ Staphyleaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
	+ Guamatelaceae S.H.Oh & D.Potter
	+ Stachyuraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
	+ Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons.
* Picramniales Doweld
	+ Picramniaceae Fernando & Quinn
* Huerteales Doweld
	+ Gerrardinaceae M.H.Alford
	+ Petenaeaceae Christenh. et al. \*
	+ Tapisciaceae Takht.
	+ Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons.
* Sapindales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl.
	+ Nitrariaceae Lindl.
	+ Kirkiaceae Takht.
	+ Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Anacardiaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (termasuk Xanthocerataceae Buerki et al., sebagai 'Xanthoceraceae')
	+ Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons.
	+ Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Malvales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Cytinaceae A.Rich.
	+ Muntingiaceae C.Bayer et al.
	+ Neuradaceae Kostel., nom. cons.
	+ Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Sphaerosepalaceae Bullock
	+ Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Bixaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. \* (termasuk *Pakaraimaea* Maguire & P.S.Ashton)
	+ Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons.
	+ Dipterocarpaceae Blume, nom. cons. \*
* Brassicales Bromhead
	+ Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons.
	+ Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons.
	+ Moringaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
	+ Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Limnanthaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Setchellanthaceae Iltis
	+ Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons.
	+ Bataceae Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons.
	+ Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons.
	+ Emblingiaceae Airy Shaw
	+ Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons.
	+ Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel
	+ Gyrostemonaceae A.Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Resedaceae Martinov, nom. cons. \* (termasuk Borthwickiaceae J.X.Su et al., Stixidaceae Doweld sebagai 'Stixaceae', *Forchhammeria* Liebm.)
	+ Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. \*
	+ Cleomaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (= **Cruciferae** Juss., nom. cons.)

### Superasteridae

* Berberidopsidales Doweld
	+ Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.
	+ Berberidopsidaceae Takht.
* Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Olacaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (tidak monofiletik; termasuk Aptandraceae Miers, Coulaceae Tiegh., Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh., Ximeniaceae Horan.)
	+ Opiliaceae Valeton, nom. cons.
	+ Balanophoraceae Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Santalaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (tidak monofiletik jika Balanophoraceae tertanam; termasuk Amphorogynaceae Nickrent & Der, Cervantesiaceae Nickrent & Der, Comandraceae Nickrent & Der, Nanodeaceae Nickrent & Der, Thesiaceae Vest, Viscaceae Batsch)
	+ Misodendraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
	+ Schoepfiaceae Blume
	+ Loranthaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Caryophyllales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Frankeniaceae Desv., nom. cons.
	+ Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons.
	+ Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Droseraceae Salisb., nom. cons.
	+ Nepenthaceae Dumort, nom. cons.
	+ Drosophyllaceae Chrtek et al.
	+ Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw, nom. cons.
	+ Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons.
	+ Rhabdodendraceae Prance
	+ Simmondsiaceae Tiegh.
	+ Physenaceae Takht.
	+ Asteropeiaceae Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland
	+ Macarthuriaceae Christenh. \*
	+ Microteaceae Schäferhoff & Borsch \*
	+ Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Achatocarpaceae Heimerl, nom. cons.
	+ Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Stegnospermataceae Nakai
	+ Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal \*
	+ Lophiocarpaceae Doweld & Reveal
	+ Kewaceae Christenh. \*
	+ Barbeuiaceae Nakai
	+ Gisekiaceae Nakai
	+ Aizoaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
	+ Phytolaccaceae R.Br., nom. cons. \*
	+ Petiveriaceae C.Agardh \* (termasuk Rivinaceae C.Agardh)
	+ Sarcobataceae Behnke
	+ Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Molluginaceae Bartl., nom. cons. \*
	+ Montiaceae Raf.
	+ Didiereaceae Radlk., nom. cons.
	+ Basellaceae Raf., nom. cons.
	+ Halophytaceae S.Soriano
	+ Talinaceae Doweld
	+ Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Anacampserotaceae Eggli & Nyffeler
	+ Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons.

#### Asteridae

* Cornales Link
	+ Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons.
	+ Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Loasaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Curtisiaceae Takht.
	+ Grubbiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons.
	+ Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.
* Ericales Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Balsaminaceae A.Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Marcgraviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.
	+ Tetrameristaceae Hutch.
	+ Fouquieriaceae DC., nom. cons.
	+ Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Lecythidaceae A.Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw
	+ Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons.
	+ Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Ebenaceae Gürke, nom. cons.
	+ Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.
	+ Theaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
	+ Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons.
	+ Diapensiaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
	+ Styracaceae DC. & Spreng., nom. cons.
	+ Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Roridulaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
	+ Actinidiaceae Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons.
	+ Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons.
	+ Cyrillaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
	+ Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (penempatannya dalam urutan yang tidak jelas)

##### Lamiidae

* Icacinales Tiegh. +
	+ Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw
	+ Icacinaceae Miers, nom. cons. \*
* Metteniusales Takht. +
	+ Metteniusaceae H.Karst. ex Schnizl. \*
* Garryales Mart.
	+ Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons.
	+ Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
* Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Rubiaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons.
	+ Gelsemiaceae L.Struwe & V.A.Albert \* (termasuk Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt)
	+ Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Boraginales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl +
	+ Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (termasuk Codonaceae Weigend & Hilger)
* Vahliales Doweld +
	+ Vahliaceae Dandy
* Solanales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Convolvulaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Montiniaceae Nakai, nom. cons.
	+ Sphenocleaceae T.Baskerv., nom. cons.
	+ Hydroleaceae R.Br.
* Lamiales Bromhead
	+ Plocospermataceae Hutch.
	+ Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw
	+ Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.
	+ Tetrachondraceae Wettst.
	+ Calceolariaceae Olmstead
	+ Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss., nom. cons. \* (posisi *Peltanthera* Benth. bermasalah dan di sini dianggap tidak sesuai dengan keluarga)
	+ Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
	+ Linderniaceae Borsch et al.
	+ Byblidaceae Domin, nom. cons.
	+ Martyniaceae Horan., nom. cons.
	+ Pedaliaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Schlegeliaceae Reveal
	+ Thomandersiaceae Sreem.
	+ Verbenaceae J.St.Hil., nom. cons.
	+ Lamiaceae Martinov, nom. cons. (= **Labiatae** Juss., nom. cons.)
	+ Mazaceae Reveal
	+ Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. \*
	+ Paulowniaceae Nakai
	+ Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. \* (termasuk Lindenbergiaceae Doweld, Rehmanniaceae Reveal)

##### Campanulidae

* Aquifoliales Senft
	+ Stemonuraceae Kårehed
	+ Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons.
	+ Phyllonomaceae Small
	+ Helwingiaceae Decne.
	+ Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.
* Asterales Link
	+ Rousseaceae DC.
	+ Campanulaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Pentaphragmataceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
	+ Stylidiaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw
	+ Phellinaceae Takht.
	+ Argophyllaceae Takht.
	+ Menyanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
	+ Goodeniaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Calyceraceae R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons.
	+ Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (= **Compositae** Giseke, nom. cons.)
* Escalloniales Link
	+ Escalloniaceae R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons.
* Bruniales Dumort.
	+ Columelliaceae D.Don, nom. cons.
	+ Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons.
* Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal
	+ Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw
* Dipsacales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
	+ Adoxaceae E.Mey., nom. cons. (= **Viburnaceae** Raf., nom. cons. prop.)
	+ Caprifoliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
* Apiales Nakai
	+ Pennantiaceae J.Agardh
	+ Torricelliaceae Hu
	+ Griseliniaceae Takht., nom. cons. prop.
	+ Pittosporaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
	+ Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
	+ Myodocarpaceae Doweld
	+ Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= **Umbelliferae** Juss., nom. cons.)

## Filogeni

Seperti sistem APG sebelumnya, revisi APG IV didasarkan pada pohon filogenetika untuk angiospermae, seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| angiospermae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Amborellales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Nymphaeales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Austrobaileyales |
|  |
| Core angiospermae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Chloranthales |
|  |
| Magnolidae |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Magnoliales |
|  |
|  |
Laurales |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Piperales |
|  |
|  |
Canellales |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Monocotyl |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Acorales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Alismatales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Petrosaviales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Pandanales |
|  |
|  |
Dioscoreales |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Liliales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Asparagales |
|  |
| Commelinidae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Arecales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Poales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Commelinales |
|  |
|  |
Zingiberales |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Ceratophyllales |
|  |
| Eudicotyl |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Ranunculales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Proteales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Trochodendrales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Buxales |
|  |
| core eudicotyl |
(berlajut ke bawah) |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| core eudicotyl |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Gunnerales |
|  |
| Pentapetalae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Dilleniales |
|  |
| superrosidae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Saxifragales |
|  |
| rosidae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Vitales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| fabidae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Zygophyllales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Fabales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Rosales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Fagales |
|  |
|  |
Cucurbitales |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Celastrales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Malpighiales |
|  |
|  |
Oxalidales |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
| malvidae |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Geraniales |
|  |
|  |
Myrtales |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Crossosomatales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Picramniales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Sapindales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Huerteales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Brassicales |
|  |
|  |
Malvales |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
| superasteridae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Berberidopsidales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Santalales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Caryophyllales |
|  |
| asteridae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Cornales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Ericales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| campanulidae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Aquifoliales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Asterales |
|  |
|  |
Escalloniales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Bruniales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Apiales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Dipsacales |
|  |
|  |
Paracryphiales |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
| lamiidae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Icacinales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Metteniusales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Garryales |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Boraginales |
|  |
|  |
Gentianales |
|  |
|  |
Vahliales |
|  |
|  |
Lamiales |
|  |
|  |
Solanales |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

## Referensi

## Bibliografi

* Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*, **161** (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
* Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*, **181** (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
* Haston, E.; Richardson, J.E.; Stevens, P.F.; Chase, M.W. & Harris, D.J. (2009), "The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III" (PDF), *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*, **161** (2): 128–131, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x, diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-12-23, diakses tanggal 2016-06-13
* Fay, Michael (9 May 2016), "APG - classification by consensus", *Kew Science*, RBG Kew, diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 5 August 2016, diakses tanggal 2016-06-12
* Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2019), *Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics* (PDF), diakses tanggal 2023-06-16