# Allium

| *Allium* |
| --- |
|  |
| *Allium sativum* |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah  |
| Kerajaan: | Plantae |
| *Klad*: | Tracheophyta |
| *Klad*: | Angiospermae |
| *Klad*: | Monokotil |
| Ordo: | Asparagales |
| Famili: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamili: | Allioideae |
| Tribus: | Allieae |
| Genus: | *Allium* L. |
| Spesies tipe |
| *Allium sativum* L. |
| Spesies |
|
lihat teks |

Spesies *Allium*, *A. flavum* di sebelah kiri
Allium adalah genus bawang yang meliputi bermacam-macam tumbuhan bunga monokotil dan di dalamnya termasuk bawang merah, bawang putih, bawang kucai, bawang daun, bawang bombai, dan bawang prei. Nama genus *Allium* merupakan kata Latin untuk bawang putih; Linnaeus menggunakan kata *allium* untuk menamai genus ini. Sejumlah sumber merujuk kepada kata Yunani αλεω (*aleo*; "menghindari") karena alasan bau bawang putih.

*Allium ursinum* (*wild garlic*; "bawang putih liar") di daerah pepohonan di Bristol, Inggris.
## Toksisitas

Anjing dan kucing sangat rentan terhadap keracunan setelah memakan spesies bawang tertentu.

## Taksonomi

Taksonomi genus *Allium* sukar dipahami, karena memuat pemerian salah yang berkembang luas. *Allium spicatum* oleh banyak penulis diperlakukan sebagai *Milula spicata*, satu-satunya spesies dalam genus monospesifik *Milula*. Pada tahun 2000, dibuktikan merupakan anggota genus *Allium*.
Berikut adalah daftar spesies *Allium*, sebuah genus bawang.

### A

* *Allium aaseae* Ownbey – **Bawang South Idaho *Allium abbasii* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium abramsii* (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) McNeal – '*Bawang Abram*:
* *Allium achaium* Boiss. & Orph.
* *Allium acidoides* Stearn
* *Allium aciphyllum* J.M.Xu
* *Allium acuminatum* Hook. – **Bawang Berujung Lancip *Allium acutiflorum* Loisel.
* *Allium aegilicum* Tzanoud.
* *Allium aeginiense* Brullo
* *Allium affine* Ledeb.
* *Allium afghanicum* Wendelbo – **Bawang Afghanistan *Allium aflatunense* B.Fedtsch. - **Bawang Hias Berbunga Ungu *Allium agrigentinum* Brullo & Pavone
* *Allium akaka* S.G.Gmel. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
* *Allium alabasicum* Y.Z.Zhao
* *Allium aladaghense* Memariani & Joharchi
* *Allium alaicum* Vved.
* *Allium alamutense* Razyfard
* *Allium albiflorum* Omelczuk
* *Allium albopilosum* C.H.Wright syn. *A. cristophii*
* *Allium albotunicatum* O.Schwarz
* *Allium albovianum* Vved.
* *Allium alexandrae* Vved.
* *Allium alexeianum* Regel
* *Allium alibile* A.Rich.

*A. ampeloprasum*–leek
* *Allium alpinarii* Özhatay & Kollmann
* *Allium altaicum* Pall. – **Bawang Altai *Allium altissimum* Regel
* *Allium altoatlanticum* Seregin
* *Allium altyncolicum* N.Friesen
* *Allium amethystinum* Tausch – **Red Mohican *Allium ampeloprasum* L. – **Broadleaf Wild Leek** atau **Bawang Putih Gajah *Allium amphibolum* Ledeb.
* *Allium amplectens* Torr. – **Bawang Putih Berdaun Panah** atau **Graceful Beauty *Allium anacoleum* Hand.-Mazz.
* *Allium anatolicum* Özhatay & B.Mathew – Bawang Anatolia
* *Allium anceps* Kellogg – **Bawang Berdaun Dua** atau **Bawang Kellogg *Allium angulosum* L. – **Bawang Putih Tikus *Allium anisopodium* Ledeb.–thread-leaf chive
* *Allium anisotepalum* Vved.
* *Allium antalyense* Eren
* *Allium antiatlanticum* Emb. & Maire
* *Allium antonii-bolosii* P.Palau
* *Allium anzalonei* Brullo
* *Allium apolloniensis* Biel
* *Allium apulum* Brullo & al.
* *Allium archeotrichon* Brullo
* *Allium arkitense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium arlgirdense* Blakelock
* *Allium armenum* Boiss. & Kotschy
* *Allium armerioides* Boiss.
* *Allium aroides* Popov & Vved.
* *Allium arsuzense* Eker & Koyuncu
* *Allium artemisietorum* Eig & Feinbrun
* *Allium asarense* R.M.Fritsch & Matin
* *Allium ascalonicum* L.–shallot
* *Allium aschersonianum* Barbey
* *Allium asclepiadeum* Bornm.
* *Allium asirense* B.Mathew
* *Allium asperiflorum* Miscz. ex Grossh.
* *Allium assadii* Seisums
* *Allium atropurpureum* Waldst. & Kit. – purple-flowered onion
* *Allium atrorubens* S.Watson
* *Allium atrosanguineum* Schrenk
* *Allium atroviolaceum* Boiss.
* *Allium aucheri* Boiss.
* *Allium auriculatum* Kunth
* *Allium austroiranicum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium austrokyushuense* M.Hotta
* *Allium austrosibiricum* N.Friesen
* *Allium autumnale* P.H.Davis
* *Allium autumniflorum* F.O.Khass. & Akhani
* *Allium azaurenum* Gomb.
* *Allium aznavense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium azutavicum* Kotukhov

### B

* *Allium backhousianum* Regel – **Green Craze *Allium baekdusanense* Y.N.Lee
* *Allium baeticum* Boiss.
* *Allium bajtulinii* Bajtenov & I.I.Kamenetskaya
* *Allium bakhtiaricum* Regel
* *Allium balansae* Boiss.
* *Allium balkhanicum* (R.M.Fritsch & F.O.Khass.) R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium baluchistanicum* Wendelbo
* *Allium barsczewskii* Lipsky
* *Allium barthianum* Asch. & Schweinf.
* *Allium basalticum* Fragman & R.M.Fritsch – **Silver Springs *Allium bassitense* J.Thiébaut
* *Allium baytopiorum* Kollmann & Özhatay–baytop's onion
* *Allium beesianum* W.W.Sm.
* *Allium bekeczalicum* Lazkov
* *Allium bellulum* Prokh.
* *Allium bidentatum* Fisch. ex Prokh. & Ikonn.-Gal.
* *Allium bigelovii* (also *A. bigelowii*) S.Watson – **Bawang Bigelow *Allium birkinshawii* Mouterde
* *Allium bisceptrum* S.Watson – **Twincrest Onion *Allium bisotunense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium blandum* Wall.
* *Allium blomfieldianum* Asch. & Schweinf.
* *Allium boissieri* Regel
* *Allium bolanderi* S.Watson – **Bawang Bolander *Allium bornmuelleri* Hayek
* *Allium borszczowii* Regel
* *Allium botschantzevii* Kamelin
* *Allium bourgeaui* Rech.f.
* *Allium brachyodon* Boiss.
* *Allium brachyscapum* Vved.
* *Allium brachyspathum* Brullo
* *Allium bracteolatum* Wendelbo
* *Allium brandegeei* S.Watson – **Bawang Brandegee *Allium brevicaule* Boiss. & Balansa
* *Allium brevidens* Vved.
* *Allium brevidentatum* F.Z.Li
* *Allium brevidentiforme* Vved.
* *Allium brevipes* Ledeb.
* *Allium breviradium* (Halácsy) Stearn
* *Allium breviscapum* Stapf
* *Allium brevistylum* S.Watson – **Shortstyle onion *Allium brulloi* Salmeri
* *Allium brussalisii* Tzanoud. & Kypr.
* *Allium bucharicum* Regel
* *Allium bungei* Boiss.
* *Allium burjaticum* N.Friesen
* *Allium burlewii* Davidson – **Bawang Burlew**

### C

* *Allium caeruleum* Pall.
* *Allium caesioides* Wendelbo
* *Allium caesium* Schrenk
* *Allium caespitosum* Siev. ex Bong. & C.A. Mey.
* *Allium calabrum* (N.Terracc.) Brullo
* *Allium calamarophilon* Phitos & Tzanoud.
* *Allium callidyction* C.A.Mey. ex Kunth
* *Allium callimischon* Link
* *Allium calocephalum* Wendelbo
* *Allium calyptratum* Boiss.
* *Allium campanulatum* S.Watson–dusky onion
* *Allium canadense* L.–meadow garlic, wild garlic
* *Allium candargyi* Karavok. & Tzanoud.
* *Allium candolleanum* Albov
* *Allium capitellatum* Boiss.
* *Allium cappadocicum* Boiss. & Balansa
* *Allium caput-medusae* Airy Shaw
* *Allium cardiostemon* Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
* *Allium carinatum* L.–keeled garlic
* *Allium carmeli* Boiss.
* *Allium caroli-henrici* Wendelbo
* *Allium carolinianum* Redouté
* *Allium caspium* (Pall.) M.Bieb.
* *Allium cassium* Boiss.
* *Allium castellanense* (Garbari
* *Allium cathodicarpum* Wendelbo
* *Allium cepa* L.–garden onion
* *Allium cernuum* Roth–nodding onion, wild onion, lady's leek
* *Allium chalcophengos* Airy Shaw
* *Allium chalkii* Tzanoud. & Kollmann
* *Allium chamaemoly* L.
* *Allium chamaespathum* Boiss.
* *Allium chamarense* M.M.Ivanova
* *Allium changduense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium chelotum* Wendelbo
* *Allium chienchuanense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium chinense* G.Don–rakkyo
* *Allium chitralicum* F.T.Wang & Tang
* *Allium chiwui* F.T.Wang & Tang
* *Allium chloranthum* Boiss.
* *Allium chloroneurum* Boiss.
* *Allium chlorotepalum* R.M.Fritsch & M.Jaeger
* *Allium chodsha-bakirganicum* Gaffarov & Turak.
* *Allium choriotepalum* Wendelbo
* *Allium chrysantherum* Boiss. & Reut.
* *Allium chrysanthum* Regel
* *Allium chrysocephalum* Regel
* *Allium chrysonemum* Stearn
* *Allium chychkanense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium circassicum* Kolak.
* *Allium circinatum* Sieber
* *Allium circumflexum* Wendelbo
* *Allium cisferganense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium cithaeronis* Bogdanovic
* *Allium clathratum* Ledeb.
* *Allium clausum* Vved.
* *Allium clivorum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium colchicifolium* Boiss.
* *Allium columbianum* (Ownbey & Mingrone) P.M.Peterson–Columbian onion
* *Allium commutatum* Guss.
* *Allium condensatum* Turcz.–Oriental yellow chive
* *Allium confragosum* Vved.
* *Allium consanguineum* Kunth
* *Allium constrictum* (Ownbey & Mingrone) P.M.Peterson–Grand Coulee onion
* *Allium convallarioides* Grossh.
* *Allium cornutum* Clementi
* *Allium corsicum* Jauzein & al.
* *Allium coryi* M.E.Jones–yellowflower onion
* *Allium costatovaginatum* Kamelin & Levichev
* *Allium crameri* Asch. & Boiss.
* *Allium cratericola* Eastw.–cascade onion
* *Allium crenulatum* Wiegand
* *Allium crispum* Greene–crinkled onion
* *Allium cristophii* Trautv.
* *Allium croaticum* Bogdanovic
* *Allium crystallinum* Vved.
* *Allium cucullatum* Wendelbo
* *Allium cupani* Raf.
* *Allium cupuliferum* Regel
* *Allium curtum* Boiss. & Gaill.
* *Allium cuthbertii* Small–striped garlic
* *Allium cyaneum* Regel
* *Allium cyathophorum* Bureau & Franch.
* *Allium cyprium* Brullo
* *Allium cyrilli* Ten.
* *Allium czelghauricum* Bordz.–Czelghaurian onion

### D

* *Allium daghestanicum* Grossh.
* *Allium damascenum* Feinbrun
* *Allium daninianum* Brullo
* *Allium darwasicum* Regel
* *Allium dasyphyllum* Vved.
* *Allium decaisnei* C.Presl
* *Allium deciduum* Özhatay & Kollmann
* *Allium decipiens* Fisch. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
* *Allium delicatulum* Siev. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
* *Allium dentigerum* Prokh.
* *Allium denudatum* Redouté
* *Allium derderianum* Regel
* *Allium deserti-syriaci* Feinbrun
* *Allium desertorum* Forssk.
* *Allium diabolense* (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) McNeal–wild onion
* *Allium dichlamydeum* Greene–coastal onion
* *Allium dictuon* H.St.John–blue mountain onion
* *Allium dictyoprasum* C.A.Mey. ex Kunth
* *Allium dictyoscordum* Vved.
* *Allium dilatatum* Zahar.
* *Allium dinsmorei* Rech.f.
* *Allium diomedeum* Brullo & al.
* *Allium dirphianum* Brullo & al.
* *Allium djimilense* Boiss. ex Regel
* *Allium dodecadontum* Vved.
* *Allium dodecanesi* Karavok. & Tzanoud.
* *Allium dolichomischum* Vved.
* *Allium dolichostylum* Vved.
* *Allium dolichovaginatum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium douglasii* Hook.–Douglas' onion
* *Allium drepanophyllum* Vved.
* *Allium drobovii* Vved.
* *Allium drummondii* Regel–Drummond's onion, prairie onion
* *Allium drusorum* Feinbrun
* *Allium dumetorum* Feinbrun & Szel.
* *Allium durangoense* Traub

### E

* *Allium ebusitanum* Font Quer
* *Allium eduardii* Stearn ex Airy Shaw
* *Allium egorovae* M.V.Agab. & Ogan.
* *Allium eivissanum* Garbari & Miceli
* *Allium elburzense* Wendelbo
* *Allium eldivanense* Özhatay
* *Allium elegans* Drobow
* *Allium elegantulum* Kitag.
* *Allium ellisii* Hook.f.
* *Allium elmaliense* Deniz & Sümbül
* *Allium elmendorfii* M.E.Jones ex Ownbey–Elmendorf's onion
* *Allium enginii* Özhatay & B.Mathew
* *Allium erdelii* Zucc.
* *Allium eremoprasum* Vved.
* *Allium ericetorum* Thore
* *Allium eriocoleum* Vved.
* *Allium ertugrulii* Demir. & Uysal
* *Allium erubescens* K.Koch
* *Allium erythraeum* Griseb.
* *Allium esfandiarii* Matin
* *Allium euboicum* Rech.f.
* *Allium eugenii* Vved.
* *Allium eulae* Cory ex T.M.Howard
* *Allium eurotophilum* Wiggins
* *Allium eusperma* Airy Shaw
* *Allium exaltatum* (Meikle) Brullo
* *Allium exile* Boiss. & Orph.

### F

* *Allium falcifolium* Hook. & Arn.–scytheleaf onion
* *Allium fanjingshanense* C.D.Yang & G.Q.Gou
* *Allium fantasmasense* Traub
* *Allium farctum* Wendelbo
* *Allium fasciculatum* Rendle
* *Allium favosum* Zahar.
* *Allium fedschenkoanum* Regel
* *Allium fedtschenkoi* Nábelek
* *Allium feinbergii* Oppenh.
* *Allium ferganicum* Vved.
* *Allium fethiyense* Özhatay & B.Mathew
* *Allium fetisowii* Regel
* *Allium fibriferum* Wendelbo
* *Allium fibrillum* M.E.Jones–blue Mountain onion
* *Allium filidens* Regel
* *Allium filidentiforme* Vved.
* *Allium fimbriatum* S.Watson–fringed onion

*A. fistulosum*–Tree onion
* *Allium fistulosum* L.–Welsh onion
* *Allium flavellum* Vved.
* *Allium flavescens* Besser
* *Allium flavidum* Ledeb.
* *Allium flavovirens* Regel
* *Allium flavum* L.–yellow onion
* *Allium flexuosum* d'Urv.
* *Allium forrestii* Diels
* *Allium franciniae* Brullo & Pavone
* *Allium fraseri* (Ownbey) Shinners
* *Allium frigidum* Boiss. & Heldr.
* *Allium fritschii* F.O.Khass. & Yengal.
* *Allium funckiifolium* Hand.-Mazz.
* *Allium furkatii* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium fuscoviolaceum* Fomin
* *Allium fuscum* Waldst. & Kit.

### G

* *Allium galanthum* Kar. & Kir.
* *Allium galileum* Brullo
* *Allium garbarii* Peruzzi
* *Allium garganicum* Brullo
* *Allium geyeri* S.Watson–Geyer's onion
* *Allium giganteum* Regel
* *Allium gilgiticum* F.T.Wang & Tang
* *Allium gillii* Wendelbo
* *Allium glaciale* Vved.
* *Allium glandulosum* Link & Otto–gland onion
* *Allium glomeratum* Prokh.
* *Allium glumaceum* Boiss. & Hausskn.
* *Allium goekyigitii* Ekim
* *Allium goloskokovii* Vved.
* *Allium gomphrenoides* Boiss. & Heldr.
* *Allium gooddingii* Ownbey–Goodding's onion
* *Allium gorumsense* (Regel) Boiss.
* *Allium goulimyi* Tzanoud.
* *Allium gracillimum* Vved.
* *Allium gramineum* K.Koch
* *Allium grande* Lipsky
* *Allium graveolens* (R.M.Fritsch) R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium greuteri* Brullo & Pavone
* *Allium griffithianum* Boiss.
* *Allium grisellum* J.M.Xu
* *Allium grosii* Font Quer
* *Allium guanxianense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium guatemalense* Traub
* *Allium gubanovii* Kamelin
* *Allium guicciardii* Heldr.
* *Allium gunibicum* Miscz. ex Grossh.
* *Allium gusaricum* Regel
* *Allium guttatum* Steven
* *Allium gypsaceum* Popov & Vved.
* *Allium gypsodictyum* Vved.

### H

*Allium haematochiton*
* *Allium haemanthoides* Boiss. & Reut. ex Regel
* *Allium haematochiton* S.Watson–redskin onion
* *Allium hamedanense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium hamrinense* Hand.-Mazz.
* *Allium haneltii* F.O.Khass. & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium hedgei* Wendelbo
* *Allium heldreichii* Boiss.
* *Allium helicophyllum* Vved.
* *Allium hemisphaericum* (Sommier) Brullo
* *Allium henryi* C.H.Wright
* *Allium herderianum* Regel
* *Allium hermoneum* (Kollmann & Shmida) Brullo
* *Allium heteronema* F.T.Wang & Tang
* *Allium hexaceras* Vved.
* *Allium hickmanii* Eastw.–Hickman's onion
* *Allium hierosolymorum* Regel
* *Allium hindukuschense* Kamelin & Seisums
* *Allium hintoniorum* B.L.Turner
* *Allium hirtovaginatum* Kunth
* *Allium hirtovaginum* Candargy
* *Allium hissaricum* Vved.
* *Allium hoffmanii* Ownbey ex Traub–beegum onion
* *Allium hollandicum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium hookeri* Thwaites
* *Allium hooshidaryae* Mashayekhi
* *Allium horvatii* Lovric
* *Allium howellii* Eastw.–Howell's onion
* *Allium huber-morathii* Kollmann
* *Allium humile* Kunth
* *Allium huntiae* Traub
* *Allium hyalinum* Curran–glassy onion
* *Allium hymenorhizum* Ledeb.
* *Allium hymettium* Boiss. & Heldr.
* *Allium hypsistum* Stearn

### I

* *Allium ilgazense* Özhatay
* *Allium iliense* Regel
* *Allium inaequale* Janka
* *Allium inconspicuum* Vved.
* *Allium incrustatum* Vved.
* *Allium inderiense* Fisch. ex Bunge
* *Allium inops* Vved.
* *Allium insubricum* Boiss. & Reut.
* *Allium insufficiens* Vved.
* *Allium integerrimum* Zahar.
* *Allium intradarvazicum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium inutile* Makino
* *Allium ionandrum* Wendelbo
* *Allium ionicum* Brullo & Tzanoud.
* *Allium iranicum* (Wendelbo) Wendelbo
* *Allium isakulii* R.M.Fritsch & F.O.Khass.
* *Allium isauricum* Hub.-Mor. & Wendelbo
* *Allium israeliticum* Fragman & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium ivasczenkoae* Kotukhov

### J

* *Allium jacquemontii* Kunth
* *Allium jaegeri* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium jaxarticum* Vved.
* *Allium jepsonii* (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) S.S.Denison & McNeal–Jepson's onion
* *Allium jesdianum* Boiss. & Buhse
* *Allium jodanthum* Vved.
* *Allium joharchii* F.O.Khass. & Memariani
* *Allium jubatum* J.F.Macbr.
* *Allium jucundum* Vved.
* *Allium juldusicola* Regel
* *Allium julianum* Brullo
* *Allium junceum* Sm.

### K

* *Allium karacae* Koyuncu
* *Allium karamanoglui* Koyuncu & Kollmann
* *Allium karataviense* Regel
* *Allium karelinii* Poljak.
* *Allium karistanum* Brullo
* *Allium karyeteini* Post
* *Allium kaschianum* Regel
* *Allium kastambulense* Kollmann
* *Allium kasteki* Popov
* *Allium kazerouni* Parsa
* *Allium kermesinum* Rchb.
* *Allium keusgenii* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium kharputense* Freyn & Sint.
* *Allium khozratense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium kiiense* (Murata) Hir.Takah.bis & M.Hotta
* *Allium kingdonii* Stearn
* *Allium kirindicum* Bornm.
* *Allium koelzii* (Wendelbo) Perss. & Wendelbo
* *Allium koenigianum* Grossh.
* *Allium kokanicum* Regel
* *Allium kollmannianum* Brullo
* *Allium komarowii* Lipsky
* *Allium kopetdagense* Vved.
* *Allium koreanum* H.J.Choi & B.U.Oh–Korean rocky chive
* *Allium korolkowii* Regel
* *Allium kossoricum* Fomin
* *Allium kotschyi* Boiss.
* *Allium koyuncui* H.Duman & Özhatay
* *Allium kuhsorkhense* R.M.Fritsch & Joharchi
* *Allium kujukense* Vved.
* *Allium kunthianum* Vved.
* *Allium kuramense* F.O.Khass. & N.Friesen
* *Allium kurdistanicum* Maroofi & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium kurssanovii* Popov
* *Allium kurtzianum* Asch. & Sint. ex Kollmann
* *Allium kwakense* (R.M.Fritsch) R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium kysylkumi* Kamelin

### L

* *Allium lachnophyllum* Paine
* *Allium lacunosum* S.Watson–ritted onion
* *Allium lagarophyllum* Brullo
* *Allium lalesaricum* Freyn & Bornm.
* *Allium lamondiae* Wendelbo
* *Allium lasiophyllum* Vved.
* *Allium latifolium* Jaub. & Spach
* *Allium ledebourianum* Schult. & Schult.f.
* *Allium lefkarense* Brullo
* *Allium lehmannianum* Merckl. ex Bunge
* *Allium lehmannii* Lojac.
* *Allium lemmonii* S.Watson–Lemmon's onion
* *Allium lenkoranicum* Miscz. ex Grossh.
* *Allium leptomorphum* Vved.
* *Allium leucanthum* K.Koch
* *Allium leucocephalum* Turcz. ex Ledeb.
* *Allium leucosphaerum* Aitch. & Baker
* *Allium libani* Boiss.
* *Allium lilacinum* Klotzsch
* *Allium lineare* L.
* *Allium linearifolium* H.J.Choi & B.U.Oh–linear-leaf chive
* *Allium lipskyanum* Vved.
* *Allium listera* Stearn
* *Allium litardierei* J.-M.Tison
* *Allium litorale* Konta
* *Allium litvinovii* Drobow ex Vved.
* *Allium lojaconoi* Brullo
* *Allium longanum* Pamp.
* *Allium longicollum* Wendelbo
* *Allium longifolium* (Kunth) Spreng.
* *Allium longipapillatum* R.M.Fritsch & Matin
* *Allium longiradiatum* (Regel) Vved.
* *Allium longisepalum* Bertol.
* *Allium longispathum* Redouté
* *Allium longistylum* Baker–riverside chive
* *Allium longivaginatum* Wendelbo
* *Allium lopadusanum* Bartolo
* *Allium loratum* Baker
* *Allium lusitanicum* Lam.
* *Allium luteolum* Halácsy
* *Allium lutescens* Vved.
* *Allium lycaonicum* Siehe ex Hayek

### M

* *Allium maackii* (Maxim.) Prokh. ex Kom.
* *Allium macedonicum* Zahar.
* *Allium machmelianum* Post
* *Allium macleanii* Baker
* *Allium macranthum* Baker
* *Allium macrochaetum* Boiss. & Hausskn.
* *Allium macropetalum* Rydb.–largeflower wild onion, desert onion
* *Allium macrostemon* Bunge–long-stamen chive
* *Allium macrostylum* Regel
* *Allium macrum* S.Watson–rock onion
* *Allium madidum* S.Watson–swamp onion
* *Allium mahneshanense* Razyfard
* *Allium mairei* H.Lév.
* *Allium majus* Vved.
* *Allium makrianum* C.Brullo
* *Allium malyschevii* N.Friesen
* *Allium maniaticum* Brullo & Tzanoud.
* *Allium mannii* Traub & T.M.Howard
* *Allium maowenense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium maraschicum* Koçyigit & Özhatay
* *Allium marathasicum* Brullo
* *Allium mareoticum* Bornm. & Gauba
* *Allium margaritae* B.Fedtsch.
* *Allium margaritiferum* Vved.
* *Allium marginatum* Janka
* *Allium mariae* Bordz.
* *Allium marschalianum* Vved.
* *Allium massaessylum* Batt. & Trab.
* *Allium materculae* Bordz.
* *Allium maximowiczii* Regel–Oriental chive
* *Allium megalobulbon* Regel
* *Allium melanantherum* Pancic
* *Allium melananthum* Coincy
* *Allium melanogyne* Greuter
* *Allium melitense* (Sommier & Caruana ex Borg) Cif. & Giacom.
* *Allium melliferum* Traub
* *Allium membranaceum* Ownbey ex Traub–papery onion
* *Allium meronense* Fragman & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium meteoricum* Heldr. & Hausskn. ex Halácsy
* *Allium mexicanum* Traub
* *Allium michaelis* F.O.Khass. & Tojibaev
* *Allium michoacanum* Traub
* *Allium micranthum* Wendelbo
* *Allium microdictyon* Prokh.
* *Allium microspathum* Ekberg
* *Allium minus* (S.O.Yu, S.Lee & W.Lee) H.J.Choi & B.U.Oh–Manchurian aging chive
* *Allium minutiflorum* Regel
* *Allium minutum* Vved.
* *Allium mirum* Wendelbo
* *Allium mirzajevii* Tscholok.
* *Allium moderense* R.M.Fritsch

*A. moly*–golden garlic
* *Allium moly* L.–golden garlic, Lily leek
* *Allium monanthum* Maxim.–Korean wild chive
* *Allium mongolicum* Regel
* *Allium monophyllum* Vved. ex Czerniak.
* *Allium montelburzense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium montibaicalense* N.Friesen
* *Allium monticola* Davidson–San Bernardino mountain onion
* *Allium moschatum* L.
* *Allium mozaffarianii* Maroofi & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium multibulbosum* Jacq. syn. *A. nigrum*
* *Allium multiflorum* Desf.
* *Allium munzii* (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) McNeal–Munz's allium
* *Allium myrianthum* Boiss.

### N

* *Allium najafdaricum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium nanodes* Airy Shaw
* *Allium narcissiflorum* Vill.
* *Allium nathaliae* Seregin
* *Allium neapolitanum* Cirillo–white garlic, Daffodil garlic, Flowering onion
* *Allium nebrodense* Guss.
* *Allium negevense* Kollmann
* *Allium nemrutdaghense* Kit Tan & Sorger
* *Allium neriniflorum* (Herb.) G.Don
* *Allium nevadense* S.Watson–Nevada onion
* *Allium nevii* S.Watson–Nevius' garlic
* *Allium nevsehirense* Koyuncu & Kollmann
* *Allium nevskianum* Vved. ex Wendelbo
* *Allium nigrum* L.–black garlic
* *Allium noeanum* Reut. ex Regel
* *Allium notabile* Feinbrun
* *Allium nuristanicum* Kitam.
* *Allium nutans* L.

### O

* *Allium obliquum* L.–twistedleaf garlic
* *Allium obtusiflorum* Redouté
* *Allium obtusum* Lemmon–red Sierran onion
* *Allium ochotense* Prokh.–myeongyi, Siberian onion
* *Allium oleraceum* L.–field garlic
* *Allium oliganthum* Kar. & Kir.
* *Allium olivieri* Boiss.
* *Allium oltense* Grossh.
* *Allium olympicum* Boiss.
* *Allium omeiense* Z.Y.Zhu
* *Allium opacum* Rech.f.
* *Allium ophiophyllum* Vved.
* *Allium oporinanthum* Brullo
* *Allium optimae* Greuter
* *Allium oreodictyum* Vved.
* *Allium oreophiloides* Regel
* *Allium oreophilum* C.A.Mey.
* *Allium oreoprasoides* Vved.
* *Allium oreoprasum* Schrenk
* *Allium oreoscordum* Vved.
* *Allium oreotadzhikorum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium orestis* Kalpoutz.
* *Allium orientale* Boiss.
* *Allium orientoiranicum* Neshati
* *Allium orunbaii* F.O.Khass. & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium oschaninii* O.Fedtsch.
* *Allium ovalifolium* Hand.-Mazz.
* *Allium ownbeyi* Traub

### P

* *Allium paepalanthoides* Airy Shaw
* *Allium palentinum* Losa & P.Monts.
* *Allium pallasii* Murray
* *Allium pallens* L.
* *Allium pamiricum* Wendelbo
* *Allium pangasicum* Turak.
* *Allium paniculatum* L.
* *Allium panjaoense* Wendelbo
* *Allium papillare* Boiss.
* *Allium paradoxum* (M.Bieb.) G.Don–few-flowered leek
* *Allium parciflorum* Viv.
* *Allium pardoi* Loscos
* *Allium parishii* S.Watson–Parish's onion
* *Allium parnassicum* (Boiss.) Halácsy
* *Allium parryi* S.Watson–Parry's Fringed onion
* *Allium parvulum* Vved.
* *Allium parvum* Kellogg–small onion
* *Allium passeyi* N.H.Holmgren & A.H.Holmgren–Passey's onion
* *Allium pendulinum* Ten.–Italian garlic
* *Allium peninsulare* Lemmon ex Greene–Mexicali onion
* *Allium pentadactyli* Brullo
* *Allium perdulce* S.V.Fraser–plains onion
* *Allium permixtum* Guss.
* *Allium peroninianum* Azn.
* *Allium pervestitum* Klokov
* *Allium petraeum* Kar. & Kir.
* *Allium petri* F.O.Khass. & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium pevtzovii* Prokh.
* *Allium phalereum* Heldr. & Sart.
* *Allium phanerantherum* Boiss. & Hausskn.
* *Allium phariense* Rendle
* *Allium phitosianum* Brullo & al.
* *Allium phrygium* Boiss. & Balansa
* *Allium phthioticum* Boiss. & Heldr.
* *Allium pictistamineum* O.Schwarz
* *Allium pilosum* Sm.
* *Allium platakisii* Tzanoud. & Kypr.
* *Allium platycaule* S.Watson–broadstemmed onion
* *Allium platyspathum* Schrenk
* *Allium plummerae* S.Watson–Tanners canyon onion
* *Allium plurifoliatum* Rendle
* *Allium podolicum* Blocki ex Racib. & Szafer
* *Allium pogonotepalum* Wendelbo
* *Allium polyanthum* Schult. & Schult.f.
* *Allium polyrhizum* Turcz. ex Regel
* *Allium ponticum* Miscz. ex Grossh.
* *Allium popovii* Vved.
* *Allium potosiense* Traub
* *Allium praecox* Brandegee–early onion
* *Allium praemixtum* Vved.
* *Allium prattii* C.H.Wright
* *Allium proponticum* Stearn & Özhatay
* *Allium prostratum* Trevir.
* *Allium protensum* Wendelbo
* *Allium pruinatum* Link ex Spreng.
* *Allium przewalskianum* Regel
* *Allium psebaicum* Mikheev
* *Allium pseudoalbidum* N.Friesen & Özhatay
* *Allium pseudoampeloprasum* Miscz. ex Grossh.
* *Allium pseudobodeanum* R.M.Fritsch & Matin
* *Allium pseudocalyptratum* Mouterde
* *Allium pseudoflavum* Vved.
* *Allium pseudofraseri* T.M.Howard
* *Allium pseudojaponicum* Makino–coastal chive
* *Allium pseudophanerantherum* Rech.f.
* *Allium pseudosenescens* H.J.Choi & B.U.Oh
* *Allium pseudostamineum* Kollmann & Shmida
* *Allium pseudostrictum* Albov
* *Allium pseudowinklerianum* R.M.Fritsch & F.O.Khass.
* *Allium pskemense* B.Fedtsch.
* *Allium pueblanum* Traub
* *Allium pumilum* Vved.
* *Allium punctum* L.F.Hend.–dotted onion
* *Allium purpureoviride* Koyuncu & I.Genç
* *Allium pustulosum* Boiss. & Hausskn.
* *Allium pyrenaicum* Costa & Vayr.

### Q

* *Allium qasyunense* Mouterde

### R

* *Allium ramazanicum* Parsa
* *Allium ramosum* L.–fragrant-flowered garlic
* *Allium rausii* Brullo & al.
* *Allium ravenii* F.O.Khass.
* *Allium rechingeri* Wendelbo
* *Allium reconditum* Pastor
* *Allium regelianum* A.K.Becker
* *Allium regelii* Trautv.
* *Allium registanicum* Wendelbo
* *Allium retrorsum* (Özhatay & Kollmann) Brullo
* *Allium reuterianum* Boiss.
* *Allium rhabdotum* Stearn
* *Allium rhetoreanum* Nábelek
* *Allium rhizomatum* Wooton & Standl.
* *Allium rhodiacum* Brullo
* *Allium rhodopeum* Velen.
* *Allium rhynchogynum* Diels
* *Allium rinae* F.O.Khass.
* *Allium ritsi* Iatroú & Tzanoud.
* *Allium robertianum* Kollmann
* *Allium robinsonii* L.F.Hend.–Robinson's onion
* *Allium roborowskianum* Regel
* *Allium robustum* Kar. & Kir.
* *Allium rollovii* Grossh.
* *Allium rosenbachianum* Regel
* *Allium rosenorum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium roseum* L.–rosy garlic

*A. rothii*
* *Allium rothii* Zucc.
* *Allium rotundum* L.
* *Allium rouyi* Gaut.
* *Allium roylei* Stearn
* *Allium rubellum* M.Bieb.
* *Allium rubens* Schrad. ex Willd.
* *Allium rubrovittatum* Boiss. & Heldr.
* *Allium rude* J.M.Xu
* *Allium ruhmerianum* Asch. ex E.A.Durand & Barratte
* *Allium rumelicum* Koçyigit & Özhatay
* *Allium runemarkii* Trigas & Tzanoud.
* *Allium runyonii* Ownbey–Runyon's onion
* *Allium rupestre* Steven
* *Allium rupestristepposum* N.Friesen
* *Allium rupicola* Boiss. ex Mouterde

### S

* *Allium sabulosum* Steven ex Bunge
* *Allium sabzakense* Wendelbo
* *Allium sacculiferum* Maxim.–northern plain chive, triangular chive
* *Allium sairamense* Regel
* *Allium salinum* A.I.Baranov & Skvortsov
* *Allium samothracicum* Tzanoud.
* *Allium samurense* Tscholok.
* *Allium sanbornii* Alph.Wood–Sanborn's onion
* *Allium sandrasicum* Kollmann
* *Allium sannineum* Gomb.
* *Allium saposhnikovii* Nikitina
* *Allium saralicum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium sarawschanicum* Regel
* *Allium sativum* L.–cultivated garlic
* *Allium savii* Parl.
* *Allium saxatile* M.Bieb.
* *Allium scaberrimum* M.Serres
* *Allium scabriflorum* Boiss.
* *Allium scabriscapum* Boiss.
* *Allium schachimardanicum* Vved.
* *Allium schergianum* Boiss.
* *Allium schischkinii* Sobolevsk.
* *Allium schmitzii* Cout.
* *Allium schoenoprasoides* Regel
* *Allium schoenoprasum* L.–wild chive
* *Allium schrenkii* Regel
* *Allium schubertii* Zucc.–Schubert's garlic
* *Allium schugnanicum* Vved.
* *Allium scilloides* Douglas ex S.Watson–fragile onion
* *Allium scorodoprasum* L.–sand leek, rocambole, Korean pickled-peel garlic
* *Allium scorzonerifolium* Desf. ex Redouté
* *Allium scotostemon* Wendelbo
* *Allium scrobiculatum* Vved.
* *Allium semenovii* Regel

*A. senescens*
* *Allium senescens* L.–aging chive, German garlic
* *Allium sergii* Vved.
* *Allium serra* McNeal & Ownbey–jeweled onion
* *Allium setifolium* Schrenk
* *Allium severtzovioides* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium sewerzowii* Regel
* *Allium sharsmithiae* (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) McNeal–Mount Hamilton onion
* *Allium shatakiense* Rech.f.
* *Allium shelkovnikovii* Grossh.
* *Allium shevockii* McNeal–Spanish needle onion
* *Allium shirnakiense* Behçet & Rüstem.
* *Allium sibthorpianum* Schult. & Schult.f.
* *Allium siculum* Ucria
* *Allium sieheanum* Hausskn. ex Kollmann
* *Allium sikkimense* Baker
* *Allium simillimum* L.F.Hend.–Simil onion
* *Allium sinaiticum* Boiss.
* *Allium sindjarense* Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Regel
* *Allium sinkiangense* F.T.Wang & Y.C.Tang
* *Allium sintenisii* Freyn
* *Allium siphonanthum* J.M.Xu
* *Allium sipyleum* Boiss.
* *Allium siskiyouense* Ownbey ex Traub–Siskiyou onion
* *Allium sivasicum* Özhatay & Kollmann
* *Allium sochense* R.M.Fritsch & U.Turak.
* *Allium songpanicum* J.M.Xu
* *Allium sordidiflorum* Vved.
* *Allium sosnovskyanum* Miscz. ex Grossh.
* *Allium spathaceum* Steud. ex A.Rich.
* *Allium spathulatum* F.O.Khass. & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium speculae* Ownbey & Aase–little River Canyon onion

Flower of *A. sphaerocephalon*–Round-headed leek
Bulb of *A. sphaerocephalon*–Round-headed leek
* *Allium sphaerocephalon* L.–round-headed leek, round-headed garlic, Ball-head onion
* *Allium spicatum* (Prain) N.Friesen
* *Allium spirale* Willd.–Korean aging chive
* *Allium spirophyllum* Wendelbo
* *Allium splendens* Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.–glittering chive
* *Allium sprengeri* Regel
* *Allium spurium* G.Don
* *Allium stamineum* Boiss.
* *Allium staticiforme* Sm.
* *Allium stearnianum* Koyuncu
* *Allium stellatum* Nutt. ex Ker Gawl.–autumn onion, prairie onion
* *Allium stellerianum* Willd.
* *Allium stenopetalum* Boiss. & Kotschy ex Regel
* *Allium stephanophorum* Vved.
* *Allium stipitatum* Regel
* *Allium stocksianum* Boiss.
* *Allium stoloniferum* Ownbey & T.D.Jacobson
* *Allium stracheyi* Baker
* *Allium strictum* Schrad.
* *Allium struzlianum* Ogan.
* *Allium stylosum* O.Schwarz
* *Allium suaveolens* Jacq.
* *Allium subakaka* Razyfard & Zarre
* *Allium subangulatum* Regel
* *Allium subhirsutum* L.
* *Allium subkopetdagense* (R.M.Fritsch & F.O.Khass.) R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium subnotabile* Wendelbo
* *Allium subtilissimum* Ledeb.
* *Allium subvillosum* Salzm. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
* *Allium sulphureum* Vved.
* *Allium suworowii* Regel
* *Allium svetlanae* Vved. ex Filim.
* *Allium synnotii* G.Don
* *Allium szovitsii* Regel

### T

* *Allium taciturnum* Vved.
* *Allium taeniopetalum* Popov & Vved.
* *Allium taishanense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium talassicum* Regel
* *Allium talijevii* Klokov
* *Allium talyschense* Miscz. ex Grossh.
* *Allium tanguticum* Regel
* *Allium taquetii* H.Lév. & Vaniot–Halla chive
* *Allium tardans* Greuter & Zahar.
* *Allium tardiflorum* Kollmann & Shmida
* *Allium tarkhankuticum* Seregin
* *Allium tashkenticum* F.O.Khass. & R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium tauricola* Boiss.
* *Allium tchihatschewii* Boiss.
* *Allium tekesicola* Regel
* *Allium tel-avivense* Eig
* *Allium telaponense* Traub
* *Allium telmatum* Bogdanovic
* *Allium tenuicaule* Regel
* *Allium tenuiflorum* Ten.
* *Allium tenuissimum* L.
* *Allium teretifolium* Regel
* *Allium texanum* T.M.Howard
* *Allium textile* A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.–textile onion
* *Allium thessalicum* Brullo & al.
* *Allium thunbergii* G.Don–Thunberg's chive
* *Allium tianschanicum* Rupr.
* *Allium togashii* H.Hara
* *Allium tokaliense* Kamelin & Levichev
* *Allium tolmiei* Baker–Tolm's onion
* *Allium tourneuxii* Chabert
* *Allium trachycoleum* Wendelbo
* *Allium trachyscordum* Vved.
* *Allium transvestiens* Vved.
* *Allium traubii* T.M.Howard
* *Allium trautvetterianum* Regel
* *Allium tribracteatum* Torr.–threebract onion
* *Allium trichocnemis* J.Gay
* *Allium tricoccum* Aiton–wild leek, ramp
* *Allium trifoliatum* Cirillo
* *Allium trifurcatum* (F.T.Wang & Tang) J.M.Xu
* *Allium tripedale* Trautv.
* *Allium tripterum* Nasir
* *Allium triquetrum* L.–threecorner leek, Three-cornered leek
* *Allium truncatum* (Feinbrun) Kollmann & D.Zohary
* *Allium tschimganicum* B.Fedtsch.
* *Allium tschulaktavicum* Bajtenov & Nelina
* *Allium tubergenii* Freyn
* *Allium tuberosum* Rottler ex Spreng.–Chinese Chive, garlic Chive, Oriental garlic
* *Allium tubiflorum* Rendle
* *Allium tuchalense* F.O.Khass. & Noroozi
* *Allium tulipifolium* Ledeb.
* *Allium tuncelianum* (Kollmann) Özhatay
* *Allium tuolumnense* (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) S.S.Denison & McNeal–serpentine onion
* *Allium turcicum* Özhatay & Cowley
* *Allium turcomanicum* Regel
* *Allium turkestanicum* Regel
* *Allium turtschicum* Regel
* *Allium tuvinicum* (N.Friesen) N.Friesen
* *Allium tytthanthum* Vved.
* *Allium tytthocephalum* Schult. & Schult.f.

### U

* *Allium ubipetrense* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium ubsicola* Regel
* *Allium umbilicatum* Boiss.
* *Allium undulatipetalum* İ.Genç & N.Özhatay
* *Allium unifolium* Kellogg–oneleaf onion, one-leaved onion
* *Allium urmiense* Kamelin & Seisums
* *Allium ursinum* L.–ramson, buckram

### V

* *Allium valdecallosum* Maire & Weiller
* *Allium valdesianum* Brullo
* *Allium valentinae* Pavlov
* *Allium validum* S.Watson–Pacific onion, swamp onion
* *Allium vallivanchense* R.M.Fritsch & N.Friesen
* *Allium variegatum* Boiss.
* *Allium vasilevskajae* Ogan.
* *Allium vavilovii* Popov & Vved.
* *Allium verticillatum* Regel
* *Allium vescum* Wendelbo
* *Allium victorialis* L.–victory onion, Alpine leek, alpine broad-leaf allium
* *Allium victoris* Vved.
* *Allium vineale* L.–wild garlic, crow garlic, Stag's garlic
* *Allium vinicolor* Wendelbo
* *Allium virgunculae* Maek. & Kitam.
* *Allium viridiflorum* Pobed.
* *Allium viridulum* Ledeb.
* *Allium vodopjanovae* N.Friesen
* *Allium vvedenskyanum* Pavlov

### W

* *Allium wallichii* Kunth
* *Allium warzobicum* Kamelin
* *Allium weissii* Boiss.
* *Allium wendelboanum* Kollmann
* *Allium wendelboi* Matin
* *Allium weschniakowii* Regel
* *Allium wiedemannianum* Regel
* *Allium willeanum* Holmboe
* *Allium winklerianum* Regel
* *Allium woronowii* Miscz. ex Grossh.

### X

* *Allium xiangchengense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium xichuanense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium xiphopetalum* Aitch. & Baker

### Y

* *Allium yanchiense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium yildirimlii* Dural
* *Allium yongdengense* J.M.Xu
* *Allium yosemitense* Eastw. – **Bawang Yosemite *Allium yuanum* F.T.Wang & Tang

### Z

* *Allium zagricum* R.M.Fritsch
* *Allium zaissanicum* Kotukhov
* *Allium zaprjagajevii* Kassacz
* *Allium zebdanense* Boiss. & Noë
* *Allium zergericum* F.O.Khass. & R.M.Fritsch

## Referensi

## Bacaan lebih lanjut

### Buku

* Haim D. Rabinowitch, Lesley Currah. *Allium crop science: recent advances.* CABI Publishing Series, 2002. ISBN 978-0-85199-510-6
* Block, E. (2010). *Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science*. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-0-85404-190-9.
* Brewster, J. L. (2008). *Onions and Other Alliums*. CABI Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84593-399-9.
* Davies, D. (1992). *Alliums: The Ornamental Onions*. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-241-2.
* Rabinowitch, H. D., Currah, L. (2002). *Allium Crop Sciences: Recent Advances*. CABI Publishing. ISBN 0-85199-510-1. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
* Woodward, P. (1996). *Garlic and Friends: The History, Growth and Use of Edible Alliums*. Hyland House. ISBN 1-86447-009-7.

### artikel

* J. G. Dubouzet, K. Shinoda and N. Murata. Phylogeny of *Allium* L. subgenus *Rhizirideum* (G. Don ex Koch) Wendelbo according to dot blot hybridization with randomly amplified DNA probes *TAG Theoretical and Applied 'Genetics*. Volume 95, Number 8, December, 1997
* N. Friesen, R. Fritsch and K. Bachmann. Hybrid origin of some ornamentals of *Allium* subgenus *Melanocrommyum* verified with GISH and RAPD. *TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics*. Volume 95, Number 8, December, 1997
* A. Samoylov, N. Friesen, S. Pollner, P. Hanelt. Use of chloroplast DNA polymorphisms for the phylogenetic study of *Allium* subgenus *Amerallium* and subgenus *Bromatorrhiza* (Alliaceae) II. *Feddes Repertorium* Volume 110 Issue 1–2, Pages 103–109, 1999 Diarsipkan 2013-01-05 di Archive.is
* Li, R. J., Z. Y. Shang, T. C. Cui, AND J. M. Xu. 1996. Studies on karyotypes and phylogenetic relationship of *Allium* sect. *Caloscordum* (Liliaceae) from China. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34: 288–295. [In Chinese.]
* Li, Q.-Q.; Zhou, S.-D.; He, X.-J.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, Y.-C.; Wei, X.-Q. (21 October 2010). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China". *Annals of Botany*. **106** (5): 709–733. doi:10.1093/aob/mcq177. PMC 2958792. Diakses tanggal 8 Januari 2015.
* Sykorova, E.; Fajkus, J.; Meznikova, M.; Lim, K. Y.; Neplechova, K.; Blattner, F. R.; Chase, M. W.; Leitch, A. R. (1 June 2006). "Minisatellite telomeres occur in the family Alliaceae but are lost in Allium". *American Journal of Botany*. **93** (6): 814–823. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.6.814. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2017-04-19. Diakses tanggal 8 Januari 2015.
* Enrico Banfi, Gabriele Galasso & Adriano Soldano. Notes on systematics and taxonomy for the Italian vascular flora. 2. Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 152 (II): 85-106, Novembre 2011
* ZUBAIDA YOUSAF; ZABTA KHAN SHINWARI; RIZWANA ALEEM QURESHI; MIR AJAB KHAN; SYED SHAHINSHAH GILANI (2004). "CAN COMPLEXITY OF THE GENUS *ALLIUM* L., BE RESOLVED THROUGH SOME NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES?" (PDF). *Pak. J. Bot*. **36** (3): 487–501. Diakses tanggal 28 Januari 2015.
* Pacific Bulb Society: Allium
	+ Pacific Bulb Society: Rhizomatous Alliums

* "WCSP". *World Checklist of Selected Plant Families*. (enter "*Allium*" in search box).
* Allium At:Index Nominum Genericorum At:References At:NMNH Department of Botany
* Bloomsta.com Florist Community