# Perang Indian

| Peperangan Indian Amerika |
| --- |
|  Sebuah kromolitograf tahun 1899 dari Kavaleri Amerika Serikat yang mengejar Indian Amerika (seniman tidak diketahui) |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Tanggal | 1609–1924 (intermittent) |
| Lokasi | Amerika Utara |
| Hasil | * Kedaulatan berbagai kombantan meluas atau hilang
* Banyak risalah, perjanjian dan gencatan senjata dibuat dan dilanggar oleh para kombatan
* Pemulihan Indian dilakukan di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada
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| Pihak terlibat |
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Indian Amerika

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First Nations

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Inuit

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Aleut

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Yupik

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 Negara Muskogee

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 Métis Pemerintahan Sementara Saskatchewan |  Kekaisaran Spanyol

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 Kerajaan Prancis

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 Kerajaan Inggris  Kerajaan Skotlandia  Kekaisaran Britania

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 Kekaisaran Belanda

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 Kekaisaran Swedia

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 Hudson's Bay Company  North West Company  Dominion Canada

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 Kekaisaran Rusia

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 Amerika Serikat

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 Republik Vermont

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 Florida Barat

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 Florida Timur

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 Denmark

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 Meksiko

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Republik Indian Stream

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 Republik Texas

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 Republik California

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 Negara Konfederasi |

**Peperangan Indian Amerika** (juga dikenal sebagai **Peperangan Indian** atau **Peperangan First Nations**; bahasa Prancis: *Guerres des Premières Nations*code: fr is deprecated ) adalah nama kolektif dari berbagai konflik bersenjata yang dilakukan oleh pemerintahan dan kolonis, dan kemudian oleh pemerintahan dan pemukim Eropa, melawan berbagai suku Indian Amerika dan First Nation. Konflik tersebut terjadi di Amerika Utara dari masa pemukiman kolonial terawal pada abad ke-17 sampai awal abad ke-20.

## Referensi

### Kutipan

### Sumber

* "Named Campaigns: Indian Wars". United States Army Center of Military History. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2010-08-08. Diakses tanggal 2005-12-13.
* Parry, Mae. "The Northwestern Shoshone". In *A History of Utah's American Indians*, ed. Forrest S. Cuch. Utah State University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-91373-849-8.
* Parker, Aaron. *The Sheepeater Indian Campaign* (Chamberlin Basin Country). Idaho Country Free Press, c1968.
* Raphael, Ray. *A People's History of the American Revolution: How Common People Shaped the Fight for Independence.* New York: The New Press, 2001. ISBN 0-06-000440-1.
* Remini, Robert V. *Andrew Jackson and his Indian Wars*. New York: Viking, 2001. ISBN 0-670-91025-2.
* Richter, Daniel K. *Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-674-00638-0.
* Thornton, Russell. *American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492.* Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987. ISBN 0-8061-2220-X.
* Utley, Robert M. and Wilcomb E. Washburn. *Indian Wars* (2002) excerpt and text search
* Yenne, Bill. *Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West.* Yardley, PA: Westholme, 2005. ISBN 1-59416-016-3.
* Michno, F. Gregory (2009). *Encyclopedia of Indian wars: Western battles and skirmishes 1850–1890*. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87842-468-9.

## Bacaan tambahan

* Barnes, Jeff. *Forts of the Northern Plains: Guide to Historic Military Posts of the Plains Indian Wars*. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2008. ISBN 0-8117-3496-X.
* Glassley, Ray Hoard. *Indian Wars of the Pacific Northwest*, Binfords & Mort, Portland, Oregon 1972 ISBN 0-8323-0014-4
* Heard, J. Norman. *Handbook of the American Frontier* (5 vol Scarecrow Press, 1987–98); Covers "1: The Southeastern Woodlands," "2: The Northeastern Woodlands," "3: The Great Plains", "4: The Far West" and vol 5: "Chronology, Bibliography, Index." Compilation of Indian-white contacts & conflicts
* Kessel, William and Robert Wooster. *Encyclopedia of Native American Wars and Warfare* (2005)
* McDermott, John D. *A Guide to the Indian Wars of the West*. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8032-8246-X.
* Michno, Gregory F. *Deadliest Indian War in the West: The Snake Conflict, 1864–1868*, 360 pages, Caxton Press, 2007, ISBN 0-87004-460-5.
* Stannard, David. *American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World* Oxford, 1992
* Tucker, Spencer, ed. *The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607-1890: A Political, Social, and Military History* (3 vol 2012)
* Wooster, Robert. *The Military and United States Indian Policy, 1865-1903* (1995)

### Historiografi

* Merrell, James H (1989). "Some Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians". *William and Mary Quarterly*. **46** (1): 94–119. doi:10.2307/1922410. JSTOR 1922410.
* Merrell, James H (2012). "Second Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians". *William and Mary Quarterly*. **69** (3): 451–512. doi:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451. JSTOR 10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451.
* Miller, Lester L., Jr. *Indian Wars: A Bibliography* (U.S. Army, 1988) online; lists over 200 books and articles.
* Smith, Sherry L (1998). "Lost soldiers: Re-searching the Army in the American West". *Western Historical Quarterly*. **29** (2): 149–63. doi:10.2307/971327. JSTOR 971327.

### Sumber primer

* Greene, Jerome A. *Indian War Veterans: Memories of Army Life and Campaigns in the West, 1864–1898*. New York: Savas Beatie, 2007. ISBN 1-932714-26-X.
* Griske, Michael (2005). *The Diaries of John Hunton, Chapter 2 – "Frontier Warfare, A Tragic and Fearsome Thing"*. Heritage Books. ISBN 978-0-7884-3804-2.
* Kip, Lawrence (1859). *Army life on the Pacific : a journal of the expedition against the northern Indians, the tribes of the Cour d'Alenes, Spokans, and Pelouzes, in the summer of 1858*. Redfield. ISBN 978-0-548-50401-7.    Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection.

## Pranala luar

* *Indian Wars National Association*
* *Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas* by John Henry Brown, published 1880, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
* *The Indian Wars and African American Soldiers*, US Army
* Increase Mather, *A Brief History of the War with the Indians in New-England*, (1676) Online Edition
* www.history.com; American-Indian Wars
* Highlighting Native Nations in the War of 1812