# Vespertilion

* Non confunder con le genere *Vespertilio*.

| Wikipedia:Uso de taxobox**Chiroptera**
Rango fossile:  |
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| **Classification scientific** |
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| Regno: | Animalia  |
| Phylo: | Chordata  |
| Classe: | Mammalia  |
| Subclasse: | Theria  |
| Infraclasse: | Placentalia  |
| Superlegion: | Boreoeutheria  |
| Legion: | Laurasiatheria  |

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| Ordine |
| **Chiroptera** Blumenbach, 1779 |
|  Extension del vespertiliones |
| Subordines: |
| * Yinpterochiroptera
* Yangochiroptera
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Le **vespertilion** es un mammifero volante que pertine al ordine Chiroptera (del greco *cheiro,* mano e *pter,* ala).

Iste animales ha disveloppate lor extremitates superior in forma de un ala commun e dunque pote esser considerate como *mano-alate*. Le structura del ala aperite es multo similar a un mano human aperite e coperite per un membrana.

Viste que altere mammiferos como le scuriolo volator solo plana distantias limitate, le chiropteros es le unic mammales realmente capabile de volar.

Contra al credentias popular, illos non es cec, pois que multes, nonobstante de su systema de sonar, emplea le vista pro activitates differente.

## Reproduction

Le femina del vespertilion apparantemente es unic inter omne mammales pois que illo es capabile decider a voluntate le tempore apte pro le fertilisation, illo immagazina le sperma recipite del masculo pro utilisar lo quando iste situation evenira.

Le copulation de multo species de vespertiliones occurre in le automno, ante le hibernation; ma solo durante le primavera sequente le ovula permitte que le fertilisation eveni.

Un vespertilion neonato pote suspender se a lor matre e esser transportate, ma post curte tempore illo essera troppo grande pro isto. Le animales forma con frequentia nidos pro le prole, con multe feminas parturiente in le mesme area, que pote esser un caverna, un cavo in un arbore, o mesme un cavitate in un edificio. Duo glandulas mammari (mammas)

Le habilitate de volar es congenital, sed al nascer le alas non ancora es capabile pro isto. Le juvenes (le pauc insectivoros) se independisa inter 6 e 8 septimanas, ma le grandes non lo face ante de haber attingite 4 menses. Illos es sexualmente matur al etate de duo annos.

## Sanitate

Debite al risco de rabie, e equalmente le problemas de sanitate associate al excremento, le chiroptera debe esser excludite del partes habitate del casas.

Ubi le rabie non es endemic, le vespertiliones pote esser considerate como innocue. Le plus grandes pote morder. Illos debe esser tractate con respecto.

In le Regno Unite e in tote Europa le chiropteros es protegite per le lege. Molestar un chiroptero pote esser penalisate con una mulcta considerabile.

## Significantia scientific

Le vespertilon usa un systema de navigation simile al sonar mediante le uso de ultrasonio pro orientar se.

## Temperatura corporal

Le chiroptera es un animal homeotherme (de 'sanguine calide') quando illo es active, e poikilotherme (de 'sanguine frigide') quando illo dormi.

## Hibernation

Illos entra in le stato de hibernation plus rapidemente e facilmente que qualcunque altere mammal;
Quando un vespertilion es placiate in un camara frigide illo face descender le temperatura de su corpore e se dormi, le pulsation de su corde descende de 180 a 3 per minuta e su movimento respiratori passa de 8 per secunda in activitate a 8 per minuta in reposo.

Si illo ha accumulate sufficiente grassia, lo generalmente es facite al initio del automno illos pote superviver durante multe menses a temperatura frigide, sin necessitate de alimentar se durante iste periodo.

## Longevitate

Si ben le longevitate del mammales sole guardar relation con le dimension del animal le campaniol mori in 1 anno, le can invetera a 12 annos, le cavallo invetera a 17, le chiroptero presenta un exception a iste regula e, malgrado que illo pote esser plus parve que un mure, le vespertilion pote viver 15 annos o plus.

## Alimentation

Nonobstante que le majoritate del chiropteras durante tote su vita basa su alimentation sur ingestion de insectos adipose (le species insectivore), e per iste facto morbos como arteriosclerosis deberea esser commun inter illes, isto non pare exister.
On ha studiate chiropteras in etates diverse e in illos on ha observate que le parietes del arterias del exemplares de 20 annos non presenta differentias visibile in comparation con illos de 1 anno. Dunque le chiropteras se invetera sin que lor arterias se invetera.

Il existe solmente tres species de chiropteras que se alimenta de sanguine, *hematophagos*, del quales duo lo face de aves e solo le vampir commun lo face de mammales grande, principalmente de bestias bovin. Ver vampiro.

Nonobstante existe le *fructovoros* que se alimenta de fructos, le *nectarevoros* nectar e pollen; e *carnivoros*.

## Significantia

Como tote depredadores in le catena alimentariaillos regula le population del species del quales illos se alimenta.

In summa, un rolo multo importante in le natura, como pollinisatores, disseminatores de semines e regulatores de plagas de insectos.

## Resistentia a maladias

Le resistentia de iste animales a infectiones viral p. ex. le rabia, que sole esser mortal pro altere mammales, es inexplicabile. Ante toto iste facto appare como un campo interessante de investigationes pro trovar solutiones in le lucta contra infectiones.

## Aspectos cultural

In le cultura occidental, le chiroptera generalmente es un symbolo del nocte e del natura prohibite. Le vespertilion es un animal que se associa con characteres imaginari del nocte p.ex. villanos como Dracula e superheroes como Batman.

## Extinction

Se considera in periculo de extinction:

* *Vampyrum spectrum* o false vampir
* *Le major parte del chiropteros europee.*

## Phylogenia

Le classification classic distingue duo subordines: Megachiroptera Dobson, 1875 e Microchiroptera Dobson, 1875.

Le sudios recente de philogenia move Rhinolophoidea pro formar duo altere subordines: Yinpterochiroptera (Pteropodiformes) e Yangochiroptera (Vespertilioniformes).

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| Chiroptera |

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|  Yinpterochiroptera  |

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|  Pteropodoidea  |  Pteropodidae (megavespertiliones)  |
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|  |  Rhinonycteridae  |
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|  Yangochiroptera  |

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|  |  Miniopteridae  |
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|  |  Mystacinidae  |
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|  |  Furipteridae  |
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|  |  Mormoopidae (*Mormoops*)  |
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|  |  Myzopodidae |
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|  |  Natalidae  |
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## Classification

Il ha duo subordines de chiroptera, con 18 familias in total, inter le quales iste vespertiliones es le plus commun:

* suborden Megachiroptera (Chiroptera del frutas)
	+ Pteropodidae
		- *Eidolon helvum* -
		- *Epomorphus gambianus* -
		- *Hypsignathus monstrosus* -
		- *Myonycteris torquata* -
		- *Pteropus giganteus* -
* suborden Microchiroptera (Chiropteras insectivore)
	+ Antrozoidae
	+ Craseonycteridae
	+ Emballonuridae
	+ Furipteridae
	+ Megadermatidae

* ? *Megaderma cor* -

* + Molossidae
		- *Tadarida teniotis* -
	+ Mormoopidae
	+ Mystacinidae
	+ Myzopodidae
	+ Natalidae
	+ Noctilionidae
	+ Nycteridae
	+ Phyllostomidae
		- *Chiroderma salvini* -
		- *Desmodus rotundus* - Vampir (animal)
		- *Desmodus rufus* - Chiroptera commun
	+ Rhinolophidae
		- *Rinolophus ferrumequinum* -
	+ Rhinopomatidae
	+ Thyropteridae
	+ Vespertilionidae
		- *Pipistrellus pipistrellus* -
		- *Barbastella barbastellus* -
		- *Kerivoula picta* -
		- *Myotis bechsteini* -
		- *Myotis emarginatus* -
		- *Eptesicus serotinus* -
		- *Plecotus auritus* -
		- *Myotis myotis* -
		- *Pipistrellus kuhlii* -

## Referentias

## Vide etiam

Wikimedia Commons ha files multimedial sur le thema *Vespertilion*

* Appendice:Galeria de imagines de animales