# Kushan Samrajya

| Kushan Empireकुषाणसाम्राज्यम् (Sanskrit) Κοϸανο (Bactrian) Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν (Ancient Greek) |
| --- |
| 30–375 |
| Capital | 1st Century BCE: Kapisa/Pushkalavati; from 1st century CE: Purushapura/Mathura
3rd and 4th centuries CE: Taxila |
| Common languages | Greek (official until c. 127) Bactrian (official from c. 127) Gandhari Prakrit Hybrid Sanskrit |
| Religion  | Hinduism Buddhism Zoroastrianism |
| Demonym(s) | Kushanas (Yuezhi) |
| Government | Monarchy |
| Emperor |   |
|  |
| • 25–85  | Kujula Kadphises (first) |
| • 350–375  | Kipunada (last) |
|  |
| Historical era | Classical Antiquity |
|  |
| • Kujula Kadphises unites Yuezhi tribes into a confederation  | 30 |
| • Subjugated by the Sasanians, Guptas and Hepthalites  | 375 |
|  |
| Area |
| 200
(Low-end estimate of peak area) | 2,000,000 km2 (770,000 sq mi) |
| 200 (high-end estimate of peak area) | 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi) |
| Currency | Kushan dinara |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Preceded by** | **Succeeded by** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Indo-Greek Kingdom |
|  | Indo-Parthian Kingdom |
|  | Indo-Scythians |
|  | Northern Satraps |
|  | Western Satraps |
|  | Maha-meghavahanas |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sasanian Empire |  |
| Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom |  |
| Nagas of Padmavati |  |
| Kidarites |  |
| Nagas of Vindhyatabi |  |
| Gupta Empire |  |

 |

 |

Kushan Empire ke naksa
**Kushan Empire** (c. 30–c. 375 CE) ek, dher dharam aur sanskriti waala, samrajya rahaa jiske Yuezhi log Bactrian territories me early 1st century me suruu kare rahin. Ii fael ke dher jagha jon abhi Afghanistan, eastern Iran, India, Pakistan, Western Nepal, Tajikistan aur Uzbekistan ke aapan niche karis rahaa. Kushan ke ilaaka, India me, Saketa aur Sarnath, abhi Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh me talak faela rahaa, jahan pe inscriptions mila hae jon Kushan samraath Kanishka the Great ke date karis hae. .

Kushans log Yuezhi confederation ke paanch branches me se ek rahin, jon ek Indo-European nomadic log rahin, Tocharian origin ke, jon northwestern China (Xinjiang aur Gansu) se migrate hoe ke puraana Bactria me base rahin. Ii dynasty ke suruu kare waala, Kujula Kadphises, Iranian aur Greek sankritik bichaar ke rahaa Greco-Bactrian tradition ke baad aur Shaivite sect of Hinduism ke biswas kare waala rahaa. Kujula ke baad ke raaja bhi Hinduism me biswas karar rahin, jisme hae (but not limited to) Vima Kadphises aur Vasudeva II. Kushans log Buddhism ke patron rahin, aur Emperor Kanishka se, uulog Zoroastrianism ke bhi aapan biswas me saamil kare rahin. II log ke khaas haanth Buddhism ke Central Asia aur China me failae me rahaa, jiske kaaran 200 saal ke santi rahaa, jiske kabi-kabhi "Pax Kushana" bola jaawe hae.

Kushans saait Greek bhasa ke kaam me laawat rahin, suruu me administration ke khaatir lekin baad me Eastern Iranian Bactrian bhasa ke kaam me laae lagin. Kanishka aapan sena ke north Karakoram pahaarr me bhejis rahaa. Ek sidha rasta Gandhara se China Kushan control ke niche sau saal se jaada talak rahaa, jiske kaaran log Karakoram ke uppar se jaae sakat rahin, aur spread of Mahayana Buddhism ke China talak faelae me madat karis rahaa. Kushan raaj-kul ke diplomatic Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, Aksumite Empire, aur China ke Han dynasty se rahaa. Kushan Empire, Roman Empire aur China ke trade ke centre me rahaa: Alain Daniélou ke anusaar, "for a time, the Kushana Empire was the centerpoint of the major civilizations". Jab dher philosophy, art, aur vigyan ke Kushan Samrajya me suruu kara gais rahaa , iske likha gais record, duusra bhasa se aawe hae, khaas kar ke Chinese se.

Kushan map

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