# Ming Dynasty

Ming dynasty 1580 me
**Míng Dynasty**, jiske sarkari naam **Great Ming** rahaa, 1368 se 1644 talak China pe raj karis. Ii dynasty Yuan dynasty ke baad rahaa. Ming dynasty akri dynasty rahaa jisme Han Chinese log raj kare rahin. Jab ki ii dynasty ke capital, Beijing, ek rebellion me haar dewa gais, fir bhi Ming palwaar ke dher chotaa chotaa raj bachaa rahaa, 1662 talak khaas kar ke south China me.

Hongwu Emperor
Ming dynasty ke suruu kare waala Emperor Hongwu (1368 - 1398) rahaa, jon ii rakam ke raj banae ke kosis karis jisme uske puura contro rahe aur jisme se uske barra army banae sake. ii time ke army 1 million se jaada rahaa aur uske navy dunia ke sab se barraa rahaa aur Nanjing me based rahaa. You court ke enuch log ke taagat kamti kare ke bhi kosis karis rahaa.

1402 me uske jawaan sucessor ek upadrao karis aur emporer ban gais . Uske naam Yongle emporer rahaa. Uu Yan ke duusra capital banais aur iske naam ke badal ke Beijing rakkhis, Forbidden City ke banais, Grand Canal ke repair karis aur sarkaris kaam khaatir exams kre suruu karis. Uske time China ke navy ssat dafe Indian Ocean, Arabia aur Africa ke east coadt me voyage karis rahaa.

Ii time China me dher factions hoe hay rahin aur 1449 me jab Emporer Yingzong ke capture kar lewa gais tab central rule khalaa hoe gais. Iske baad navy khalaas hoe gais aur Great Wall ke repair kare ke khaatir forced labour ke kaam me laawa gais rahaa. ii time China me census lewa gais rahaa aur ii anumaan lagaawa jaae hae ki late Ming period me hian ke abaadi 160 - 200 million rahaa.

Ming dynasty ke paisa
16th century me Europe se trade barrhaa aur dher rakam ke nawaa paudha ke China me introduce karaa gais jaise ki mirchaa, aalu, aur makai. Isse China ke abaadi aur jor se barrhaa. Ii time South America se Silver bhi introduce karaa gais jon ki hian ke currency hoe gais. Ii dynasty 1644 me callapse bhais jab Li Zicheng ke rebel army Beijing me ghusis. Li Shun dynasty ke suruu karis, lekin ii kuchh saal baad Qing dynasty se aapan taagat ke khoe diis.

### Ming dynasty ke maharaja (1368–1644)

| Chhaapa | Maharaja (birth–death) | Naam | Raj | Yug ke naam | Mare ke baad ke naam | Mandir ke naam |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Hongwu Emperor** (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398) | Zhu Yuanzhang  | 23 January 1368 – 24 June 1398 | Hongwu 23 January 1368 – 5 February 1399 | Emperor Gao  | Taizu  |
|  | **Jianwen Emperor** (5 December 1377 – 13 July 1402) | Zhu Yunwen  | 30 June 1398 – 13 July 1402 | Jianwen 6 February 1399 – 13 July 1402 | Emperor Hui  | Mandir ke naam, Huizong ke Jianwen Emperor ke dewa gais rahaa, uske raaj ke baut din baad. 1644 me ii de waala rahaa Zhu Yousong, jon Fu ke rajkumar rahaa |
|  | **Yongle Emperor** (2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424) | Zhu Di  | 17 July 1402 – 12 August 1424 | Yongle 23 January 1403 – 19 January 1425 | Emperor Wen  | Chengzu |
|  | **Hongxi Emperor** 洪熙帝 (16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425) | Zhu Gaochi  | 12 August 1424 – 29 May 1425 | Hongxi 20 January 1425 – 7 February 1426 | Emperor Zhao  | Renzong  |
|  | **Xuande Emperor** (16 March 1399 – 31 January 1435) | Zhu Zhanji  | 29 May 1425 – 31 January 1435 | Xuande 8 February 1426 – 17 January 1436 | Emperor Zhang  | Xuanzong  |
|  | **Emperor Yingzong** (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464) | Zhu Qizhen  | 31 January 1435 – 22 September 1449 | Zhengtong 18 January 1436 – 13 January 1450 | Emperor Rui  | Yingzong  |
| 11 February 1457 – 23 February 1464 | Tianshun |
|  | **Jingtai Emperor** (21 September 1428 – 14 March 1457) | Zhu Qiyu  | 22 September 1449 – 11 February 1457 | Jingtai 14 January 1450 – 11 February 1457 | Emperor Jing  | Daizong  |
|  | **Chenghua Emperor** (9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487) | Zhu Jianru  | 23 February 1464 – 9 September 1487 | Chenghua 27 January 1465 – 13 January 1488 | Emperor Chun  | Xianzong  |
|  | **Hongzhi Emperor** (30 July 1470 – 8 June 1505) | Zhu Youcheng  | 9 September 1487 – 8 June 1505 | Hongzhi 14 January 1488 – 23 January 1506 | Emperor Jing  | Xiaozong  |
|  | **Zhengde Emperor** (26 October 1491 – 20 April 1521) | Zhu Houzhao  | 8 June 1505 – 20 April 1521 | Zhengde 27 January 1522 – 27 January 1522 | Emperor Yi  | Wuzong  |
|  | **Jiajing Emperor** (16 September 1507 – 23 January 1567) | Zhu Houcong  | 27 May 1521 – 23 January 1567 | Jiajing 28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567 | Emperor Su  | Shizong  |
|  | **Longqing Emperor** (4 March 1537 – 5 July 1572) | Zhu Zaiji  | 23 January 1567 – 5 July 1572 | Longqing 9 February 1567 – 1 February 1573 | Emperor Zhuang  | Muzong  |
|  | **Wanli Emperor** (4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620) | Zhu Yijun  | 5 July 1572 – 18 August 1620 | Wanli 2 February 1573 – 27 August 1620 | Emperor Xian  | Shenzong  |
|  | **Taichang Emperor** (28 August 1582 – 26 September 1620) | Zhu Changluo  | 28 August – 26 September 1620 | Taichang 泰昌 28 August 1620 – 21 January 1621 | Emperor Zhen  | Guangzong  |
|  | **Tianqi Emperor** (23 December 1605 – 30 September 1627) | Zhu Youjiao  | 26 September 1620 – 30 September 1627 | Tianqi 22 January 1621 – 4 February 1628 | Emperor Zhe  | Xizong  |
|  | **Chongzhen Emperor** (6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644) | Zhu Youjian  | 2 October 1627 – 25 April 1644 | Chongzhen 5 February 1628 – 25 April 1644 | Emperor Min  | Sizong  |

## Ming dynasty ke painting

* Patti ke chaapa jisme fuul, titli aur patthar ke sculpture dekhae hae
* Ek painting Dai Jin se jon Zhe school of painting ke suruu karis rahaa
* Tan Yin (1523) ke painting ek machhua ke autmn me dekhae hae
* Bian Wenjin (1413) ke chirriya ke painting
* Chirriya beche waala ke painting (15th-16th century)
* Peach Festival ke painting (17th century)Peach Festival ke painting (17th century)
* Sesshu ke Autmn lanscape painting Japan ke unfluence ke dekhae hae