Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Costa Rica

| República de Costa Rica Republic of Costa Rica |
| --- |
|

|  |
| --- |
|  Jhanda |
| Jhanda |

 |
| Des ke jaankari |
| Des ke motto: | *Vivan siempre el trabajo y la paz* (Spanish) Work And Peace Will Live Forever |
| National anthem: | *"Noble patria, tu hermosa bandera"* (Spanish) "Noble homeland, your beautiful flag" |
| Log ke baare me |
| Official bhasa: | Spanish |
| Abaadi: |
|   - Total: | 4,327,000 (2005 estimate) (ranked 119th) |
|   - Density: | 85 per km² |
| **Jagha** |
| country map Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae. |
| Capital City: | San José |
| Sab se barraa City: | San José |
| Area |
|   - Total: | 51,100 (ranked 129th) |
| Politics / Government |
| Established: | -Spain se ajaadi: 15 September 1821 -Independence from the Central American Foundation: 1838 |
| Leader: | President: Óscar Arias |
| Economy / Money |
| Paisa ke naam: | Costa Rican colón |
| International information |
| Time ke zone: | UTC-6 |
| Telephone ke dialing code: | 506 |
| Internet domain: | .cr |

**The Republic of Costa Rica**, Central America ke ek des hae.

Ise population four million log se jaada hae aur capital city San José hae. Iske currency colón hae aur president, Óscar Arias hae jiske 2006 me elect karaa gais rahaa.

Costa Rica ke lage koi army nai hae.
# Caribbean Samundar

| Caribbean Sea |
| --- |
| Satellite image of the Caribbean Sea |
| Map of the Caribbean Sea |
| Jagha | American Mediterranean Sea |
| Coordinates | ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Rakam | Sea |
| Part of | Atlantic Ocean |
| Naddi ke sources | * Magdalena
* Atrato
* Chagres
* San Juan
* Coco
* Motagua
 |
| Basin ke des |
List
Template:ATG  Aruba Template:BLZ Template:VGB Template:BES Template:COL Template:CRC  Cuba  Curaçao Template:DMA Template:DOM Template:GRD Template:GLP Template:GUA Template:HTI Template:HND Template:JAM Template:MEX Template:MSR Template:MTQ Template:NIC Template:PAN Template:PUR Template:KNA Template:VCT Template:LCA Template:TTO Template:VIR Template:VEN
 |
|  |
| Surface area | 2,754,000 km2 (1,063,000 sq mi) |
| Max. gahiraai | 7,686 m (25,217 ft) |
|  |
| Islands | West Indies (Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles) |
| Trenches | Cayman Trench and Puerto Rico Trench |
| Basti |
Major cities
 Barcelona
 Barranquilla
Template:Country data Guadeloupe Basse-Terre
 Belize City
 Bluefields
Template:Country data Montserrat Brades
 Caimanera
 Cancún
 Cartagena
 Castries
 Catia La Mar
Template:Country data Trinidad Chaguanas
Template:Country data US Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie
 Chetumal
 Colón
Template:Country data Trinidad Couva
 Cumaná
 Guantánamo
 Havana
 Kingston
Template:Country data Saint Vincent Kingstown
Template:Country data Bonaire Kralendijk
 La Ceiba
 La Guaira
 Limón
Template:Country data Montserrat Little Bay
 Maiquetía
 Maracaibo
 Maracay
 Mayagüez
 Montego Bay
 Oranjestad
 Ponce
 Porlamar
 Port-au-Prince
Template:Country data Trinidad Port of Spain
 Puerto Barrios
 Puerto Cabello
 Puerto Cortes
 Puerto Padre
 Puerto la Cruz
 Punto Fijo
 Riohacha
 Roseau
 San Andrés
 San Juan
Template:Country data Trinidad San Fernando
 Santa Marta
 Santiago de Cuba
 Santiago de los Caballeros
 Santo Domingo
Template:Country data Trinidad Scarborough
 St. George's
 St. John's
 Turbo
Template:Country data Curacao Willemstad
 |

Carribean Sea**Caribbean Sea** (Dutch: *Cariben* nai to *Caraiben*, French: *Caraïbe* nai to jaada kar ke *Antilles*; Spanish: *Caribe*) the Americas me ek jagah hae. Isme 7,000 se jaada islands hae. Ii South America ke north, Central America ke east aur South America ke north me hae. Iske east me Atlantic Ocean hae.

Caribbean naam *Carib* se aawe hae, jon ki Native American log ke naam rahaa jon ki Lesser Antilles aur north South America me rahat rahin, goraa logan ke aae se pahile.

Iske kuch khaas island hae Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico aur Hispaniola. Kuch des jaise ki Dominican Republic aur Haiti Hispaniola me hae.

18th century me dher des ii island ke colony banais rahaa aur ii kaaran se hian ke rahan sahan Africa, India aur Europe se aais hae.
# Panama City

| Panama Panamá |
| --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  **Flag** |  **Coat of arms** |

 |
|
Panama
 |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Country |  Panama |
| Province | Panama |
| District | Distrito Central |
| **Government** |
|  - Mayor | Bosco Vallarino  |
| **Population** (2000) |
|  - City | 813,097 |
|  **- Metro** | 1,206,792 |
| Website |  |
| **HDI** (2007) 0.937 – high |

**Panama City** (Spanish bhasa:Panamá), Republic of Panama ke sab se barraa aur capital city hae. Iske population 813,097 hae, aur puura metropolitan area ke population 1,206,792 hae.

## Bahaari jorr

* Official website for Panama City Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Official Panama's Tourism Bureau page
* Panama hotels and restaurants Archived 2020-02-14 at the Wayback Machine in Casco Viejo
* Apartment rentals and information site for Casco Viejo
* Casco Viejo Archived 2009-12-24 at the Wayback Machine at *Harvard University*
* Official Website of Casco Viejo & Casco Antiguo, PanamaTemplate:Fix/category
# 16th century

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Century:**  |  15th century - **16th century** - 17th century  |
| **Decade:** |  1480s  1490s  - 1500s -  1510s  1520s |
| **Saal:** |  1498 1499 1500 - **1501** - 1502 1503 1504 |

 |

**16th century**, 1 January 1501 ke suruu bhais aur 31 December 1600 ke khalaas bhais.
# Ecuador

**Ecuador**, South America ke ek chhotaa des hae. Ecuador me jangle aur pahaarr, jaise ki Andes hae. Iske coast Pacific Ocean me hae. Iske capital city, Quito hae. Quito, uunch pahaarr pe hae. Ecudor ke abaadi 13,810,000 hae.

Galapagos Islands, Ecuador me hae.
# 1831

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Century:**  |  18th century - **19th century** - 20th century  |
| **Decade:** |  1810s  1820s  - 1830s -  1840s  1850s |
| **Saal:** |  1828 1829 1830 - **1831** - 1832 1833 1834 |

 |

**1831** ek saadharan saal rahaa jon ki sanichar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

## Ghatna

## Janam

## Maut

James Monroe
* 4 July - James Monroe, America ke 5th President ke maut, New York me bhais rahaa.

Georg Hegel
* 14 November - **Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel**, Germany ke philosopher ke maut Berlin, Germany me bhais rahaa.
# 1903

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Century:**  |  19th century - **20th century** - 21st century  |
| **Decade:** |  1880s  1890s  - 1900s -  1910s  1920s |
| **Saal:** |  1894    1895     1896     1897    1898    1899  1900 1901 1902 - **1903** - 1904 1905 1906  1907    1908    1909     1910     1911    1912 |

 |

**1903** ke saal budh ke roj suruu bhaes rahaa.

## Ghatna

Elbe jahaaj
* 9 June - Fiji ke sab se barraa mill, CSR Company ke **Lautoka Mill** chini banae ke suruu karis.
* 13 June - **Mersey jahaaj**, 585 girmitya logan ke lae ke Fiji aais.
* 5 August - **Elbe jahaaj**, 590 girmitya logan ke lae ke tiisra dafe Calcutta aur Madras se Fiji pahucha.
* 4 September - **Arno jahaaj**, 634 girmitya logan ke lae ke, duusra dafe, Fiji aais rahaa.
* 17 December - Wright Brothers pahila dafe, hawa se jaada garrhu aircraft, *Wright Flyer* me Kitty Hawk, North Carolina me pahila dafe urraa rahin.

## Janam

Fernandel
* 8 May - **Fernandel**, France ke actor ke janam Marseille, France me bhais rahaa.

Colbert
* 13 September - **Claudette Colbert**, American actress ke janam Saint-Mande, France me bhais rahaa.

## Maut

|  |
| --- |
| **SAAL** |
| 2020 - 2021 - 2022 - 2023 - 2024 |
| 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 -  2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 -  2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 |
| 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 -  1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 -  1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 -  1998 - 1999 |
| 1960 - 1961 - 1962 - 1963 - 1964 - 1965 - 1966 - 1967 - 1968 - 1969 - 1970 - 1971 - 1972 - 1973 -  1974 - 1975 - 1976 - 1977 -  1978 - 1979 |
| 1940 - 1941 - 1942 - 1943 -  1944 - 1945 - 1946 - 1947 - 1948 - 1949 - 1950 - 1951 - 1952 - 1953 -  1954 - 1955 - 1956 - 1957 -  1958 - 1959 |
| 1920 - 1921 - 1922 - 1923 -  1924 - 1925 - 1926 - 1927 - 1928 - 1929 - 1930 - 1931 - 1932 - 1933 -  1934 - 1935 - 1936 - 1937 -  1938 - 1939 |
| 1900 - 1901 - 1902 - 1903 -  1904 - 1905 - 1906 - 1907 - 1908 - 1909 - 1910 - 1911 - 1912 - 1913 -  1914 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917 -  1918 - 1919 |
| 1880 - 1881 - 1882 - 1883 -  1884 - 1885 - 1886 - 1887 - 1888 - 1889 - 1890 - 1891 - 1892 - 1893 -  1894 - 1895 - 1896 - 1897 -  1898 - 1899 |
| 1860 - 1861 - 1862 - 1863 -  1864 - 1865 - 1866 - 1867 - 1868 - 1869 - 1870 - 1871 - 1872 - 1873 -  1874 - 1875 - 1876 - 1877 -  1878 - 1879 |
| 1840 - 1841 - 1842 - 1843 -  1844 - 1845 - 1846 - 1847 - 1848 - 1849 - 1850 - 1851 - 1852 - 1853 -  1854 - 1855 - 1856 - 1857 -  1858 - 1859 |
# 1914

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Century:**  |  19th century - **20th century** - 21st century  |
| **Decade:** |  1890s  1900s  - 1910s -  1920s  1930s |
| **Saal:** |  1905    1906     1907     1908    1909    1910  1911 1912 1913 - **1914** - 1915 1916 1917  1918    1919    1920     1921     1922    1923 |

 |

**1914** ke saal bif ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

## Ghatna

* Totaram Sanadhya Fiji se India laut gais aur ek book, *Mere Fiji Dwip me Ikiis Varsh*, likhis jiske parr ke India ke loag ke Fiji ke baare me pataa chala.
* 31 January - *Letters Patent* se Fiji ke Legislative Council ke Officail member ke barrhae ke 11, aur chuna gais gora ke barrhae ke 7 kar dewa gais. Fiji ke 6 electoral division me baata gais, jisme se Suva ke 2 member rahaa.

## Janam

* 3 April - **Sam Manekshaw** - 1971 me India-Pakistan War ke time Indian army ke commander aur India ke khali duusra Field Marchall ke janam Aritsar me bhais rahaa. (maut: 27 June 2008)

Funes
* 31 July - **Louis de Funès**, France ke actor, ke janam Courbevole, France me bhais rahaa.

## Maut

* Sanadhya, Totaram; English translation by J.D. Kelly & U.K. Singh (1991). *My Twenty-One Years in the Fiji Islands*. Suva, Fiji: Fiji Museum. ISBN 982-208-003-4.
* Sam Manekshaw

,br/>

|  |
| --- |
| **SAAL** |
| 2020 - 2021 - 2022 - 2023 - 2024 |
| 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 -  2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 -  2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 |
| 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 -  1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 -  1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 -  1998 - 1999 |
| 1960 - 1961 - 1962 - 1963 - 1964 - 1965 - 1966 - 1967 - 1968 - 1969 - 1970 - 1971 - 1972 - 1973 -  1974 - 1975 - 1976 - 1977 -  1978 - 1979 |
| 1940 - 1941 - 1942 - 1943 -  1944 - 1945 - 1946 - 1947 - 1948 - 1949 - 1950 - 1951 - 1952 - 1953 -  1954 - 1955 - 1956 - 1957 -  1958 - 1959 |
| 1920 - 1921 - 1922 - 1923 -  1924 - 1925 - 1926 - 1927 - 1928 - 1929 - 1930 - 1931 - 1932 - 1933 -  1934 - 1935 - 1936 - 1937 -  1938 - 1939 |
| 1900 - 1901 - 1902 - 1903 -  1904 - 1905 - 1906 - 1907 - 1908 - 1909 - 1910 - 1911 - 1912 - 1913 -  1914 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917 -  1918 - 1919 |
| 1880 - 1881 - 1882 - 1883 -  1884 - 1885 - 1886 - 1887 - 1888 - 1889 - 1890 - 1891 - 1892 - 1893 -  1894 - 1895 - 1896 - 1897 -  1898 - 1899 |
| 1860 - 1861 - 1862 - 1863 -  1864 - 1865 - 1866 - 1867 - 1868 - 1869 - 1870 - 1871 - 1872 - 1873 -  1874 - 1875 - 1876 - 1877 -  1878 - 1879 |
| 1840 - 1841 - 1842 - 1843 -  1844 - 1845 - 1846 - 1847 - 1848 - 1849 - 1850 - 1851 - 1852 - 1853 -  1854 - 1855 - 1856 - 1857 -  1858 - 1859 |
# Panama Nahar

| Panama Nahar Canal de Panamá |
| --- |
| Panama Canal ke chhaapa, jon locks aur passages ke dekhae hae |
|  |
| Specifications |
| Length | 82 km (51 miles) |
| Maximum boat length | 366 m (1,200 ft 9 in) |
| Maximum boat beam | 49 m (160 ft 9 in) (originally 28.5 m or 93 ft 6 in) |
| Maximum boat draft | 15.2 m (50 ft) |
| Maximum boat air draft | 57.91 m (190.0 ft) |
| Locks | 3 locks up, 3 down per transit; all three lanes (3 lanes of locks) |
| Status | Opened in 1914; expansion opened 26 June 2016 |
| Navigation authority | Panama Canal Authority |
| History |
| Principal engineer | Armand Reclus and Gaston Blanchet (1881–1882), Jules Dingler (1883–1885), Maurice Hutin (1885), Philippe Bunau-Varilla (1885–1886, acting), Léo Boyer (1886), M. Nouailhac-Pioch (1886, acting), M. Jacquier (1886–1889), Philippe Bunau-Varilla (1894–1903), John Findley Wallace (1904–1905), John Frank Stevens (1905–1907), George Washington Goethals (1907–1914) |
| Construction began | 1 January 1881 (1881-January-01) |
| Date completed | 15 August 1914 (1914-August-15) |
| Date extended | 26 June 2016 (2016-June-26) |
| Geography |
| Start point | Caribbean Sea (part of Atlantic Ocean) |
| End point | Pacific Ocean |
| Connects to | Pacific Ocean from Atlantic Ocean and vice versa |

**Panama Nahar**, Panama (Central America) ke ek nahar (canal) hae jon Atlantic Ocean aur Pacific Ocean ke jorree hae. Panama Canal tiin *locks* ke kaam me laae ke paani ke level ke control kare hae. Har saal 14,000 jahaj ii canal se jaawe hae. 1880 me France iske banae ke kosis karis lekin nai khalaas kare paais aur 1914 me United States, das saal ke construction ke baad, iske banae ke khalaas karis. Ii canal 77 km (48 miles) lamba hae.

## Duusra websites

* Live webcam images of the Panama Canal
* Panama Canal - Britannica
# 1999

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Century:**  |  19th century - **20th century** - 21st century  |
| **Decade:** |  1970s  1980s  - 1990s -  2000s  2010s |
| **Saal:** |  1990    1991     1992     1993    1994    1995  1996 1997 1998 - **1999** - 2000 2001 2002  2003    2004    2005     2006     2007    2008 |

 |

**1999** (MCMXCIX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon suk ke din suruu bhais rahaa. Ii 2nd millennium ke 999th aur 20th century 99th saal rahaa, aur 1990s dassak ke 10th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2055-2056, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1920-1921, Kali Yuga ke 5099-5100, Buddhist calendar ke 2543 Islamic calendar ke 1419-1420, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 531 saal rahaa.

## Ghatna

* Fiji me soccer ke **23rd National Football League** ke Ba, jiitis.

Abdullah
* 7 February - **Crown Prince Abdullah**, Jordan ke Raja banaa uske baap, King Hussein ke maut ke baad.
* Fiji me football (soccer) ke **9th Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament** ke Labasa ke Subrail Park me khela gais rahaa jiske final me Labasa, Lautoka ke 2-1 se harais.
* 7 October - 11 October - Fiji me soccer ke **61st Inter-district Championship (IDC)**, Nadi me khela gais rahaa, jiske final me Nadi, Ba ke 1-0 se harais.

## Janam

## Maut

* 12 July - **Rajendra Kumar**, Hindi film actor, ke maut Mumbai, India me bhais rahaa.(janam: 20 July 1929)
# 1979

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Century:**  |  19th century - **20th century** - 21st century  |
| **Decade:** |  1950s  1960s  - 1970s -  1980s  1990s |
| **Saal:** |  1970    1971     1972     1973    1974    1975  1976 1977 1978 - **1979** - 1980 1981 1982  1983    1984    1985     1986     1987    1988 |

 |

**1979** ke saal sombaar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

## Ghatna

* **Seaqaqa Soccer Association**, Umesh Chandra ke presidency ke niche, suruu karaa gais rahaa.
* Fiji me soccer ke **3rd National Football League** ke Nadi jiitis rahaa.
* August - Fiji me soccer ke **42nd Inter-district Championship (IDC)**, Nausori me khela gais raha, jiske final me Ba, Nadi ke extra time me 2-1 se harais.

## Janam

## Maut

Pickford
* 29 May - **Mary Pickford**, Canadian aur American actress ke maut Santa Monica, California, United States me bhais rahaa.

Wayne
* 11 June- **John Wayne**, American actor, producer, director ke maut Los Angeles, California me bhais rahaa.

Chand
* 3 December - **Dhyan Chand**, jon India ke ek mashuur hockey ke khilaarri rahaa, ke maut New Delhi me bhais rahaa.

|  |
| --- |
| **SAAL** |
| 2020 - 2021 - 2022 - 2023 - 2024 |
| 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 -  2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 -  2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 |
| 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 -  1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 -  1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 -  1998 - 1999 |
| 1960 - 1961 - 1962 - 1963 - 1964 - 1965 - 1966 - 1967 - 1968 - 1969 - 1970 - 1971 - 1972 - 1973 -  1974 - 1975 - 1976 - 1977 -  1978 - 1979 |
| 1940 - 1941 - 1942 - 1943 -  1944 - 1945 - 1946 - 1947 - 1948 - 1949 - 1950 - 1951 - 1952 - 1953 -  1954 - 1955 - 1956 - 1957 -  1958 - 1959 |
| 1920 - 1921 - 1922 - 1923 -  1924 - 1925 - 1926 - 1927 - 1928 - 1929 - 1930 - 1931 - 1932 - 1933 -  1934 - 1935 - 1936 - 1937 -  1938 - 1939 |
| 1900 - 1901 - 1902 - 1903 -  1904 - 1905 - 1906 - 1907 - 1908 - 1909 - 1910 - 1911 - 1912 - 1913 -  1914 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917 -  1918 - 1919 |
| 1880 - 1881 - 1882 - 1883 -  1884 - 1885 - 1886 - 1887 - 1888 - 1889 - 1890 - 1891 - 1892 - 1893 -  1894 - 1895 - 1896 - 1897 -  1898 - 1899 |
| 1860 - 1861 - 1862 - 1863 -  1864 - 1865 - 1866 - 1867 - 1868 - 1869 - 1870 - 1871 - 1872 - 1873 -  1874 - 1875 - 1876 - 1877 -  1878 - 1879 |
| 1840 - 1841 - 1842 - 1843 -  1844 - 1845 - 1846 - 1847 - 1848 - 1849 - 1850 - 1851 - 1852 - 1853 -  1854 - 1855 - 1856 - 1857 -  1858 - 1859 |
# Chuunti

| Ants |
| --- |
|  |
| Worker ants gathering food |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | **Formicidae** |

**Chuunti** ek chhota kirwa hae jon ki ground ke niche barraa jhund me rahe hae. Lagbhag 22,000 rakam ke chuunti hae. Chuunti social jiu hae Formicidae palwaar ke, jon barre aur madhmakkhi ke saathe Hymenoptera order me hae. Chuunti vespoid wasp se Cretaceous jamaana me evolve bhae rahin. Chuunti ke uske elbowed antenna aur node like structure se identify karaa jaawe hae.

Chuunti colonies banae hae jon size me kuchh darjan ek chhotaa cavity me rahe hae se organised colonies jon barraa jagha occupy kare hae aur jisme ek barraa nest rahe hae jisme kkuchh million chuunti rahe hae, aur ii kabhi-kabhi hundreds of millions hoe jaae hae jiske super colony bola jaawe hae. Ek colony me dher cast rahe hae, jisme sterile bina pankhaa waala females, jisme se jaada majuur rahe hae, aur sipaahi aur duusra specialised group rahe hae. Lagbhagsab chuunti ke colony me kuchh fertile males, jiske "drones" bola jaawe hae, aur ek, nai to jaada female, jiske raani bola jaawe hae, rahe hae. Ii colony ke superorganism bola jaawe hae, kaaheki chuunti log ek unified entity ke rakam kaam kare hae.

Chuunti, dunia ke lagbhag sab cintinent aur island me paawa jaawe hae. Ek jagh jahaan pe chuunti nai hae, Antarctica hae, aur kuchh duur ujaarr jagha ke chhorr ke. Chuunti bhiijaa, garam jagha me achchhaa kare hae aur iske biomass chirriyaa aur jaanwar se jaada hae. Chuunti ke dher mausam me achchhaa kare ke kaaran uske smajik organisation, uske kabliyat chij ke badle ke, nawaa resources ke kaam me laae ke aur apne ke defend kare ke khaatir. Iske lambaa evolution, duusra species ke saathe, ke kaaran ii mimetic, commensal, parasitic aur mutualistic relationship develop karis hae.

Chuunti ke samaj me kaam ke baata jaawe hae, ek duusre se communicate kare hae, aurkarraa problem ke solve kare hae. Ii insaan ke samaj ke rakam hae aur iske baare me dher adhyan karaa gais hae.Dher insaan ke sanskriti me chuunti ke khaawa jaae hae, dawai ke khaatir kaam me laawa jae hae aur dharmik kaam me bhi laawa jaae hae. Kuch chuunti ke species ke biological pest control ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Chuunti ke koi resource ke aapan kaam me laawe ke kaaran uske insaan se conflict hoe hae, aur uu kheti ke naas kare hae aur ghar ke barbaad jkare hae. Chuunti ke kuchh species, jaise "fire ant" ke invasive species maana jaawe hae.

## Taxonomy aur evolution

Formicidae, Hymenoptera order ke hae. jisme sawflies, madhmakkhi aur barre hae. Chuunti stinging wasp se evolve bhae rahin aur ek 2013 ke adhyan ii dekhae hae ki ii Apoidea ke sister grouphae. However, since Apoidea is a superfamily, ants must be upgraded to the same rank.

## Duusra websites

* Macro photos - images of ants Archived 2011-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
# Glass

Ek glass ball jiske bhittar rangils glass hae.
**Glass** ek karraa chij hae jiske koi shape me banaawa jaae sake hae. Ii jaada kar ke transparent rahe hae, lekin iske koi rang me banaawa jaae sake hae. Ii jaada kar ke silica se banaa rahe hae. Jon glass se khirrki aur botal banaawa jaae hae me 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) se, calcium oxide, jiske limebola jaae hae bhi (CaO), aur duusra additives.

Ii sab compound ke proportion ke badal ke, dher rakam ke glass ke banaawa jaae sake hae. Rangila glass ke mixture me metal oxide ke milae ke banaawa jaae hae. Jaise ki, cobalt oxide se se blue glass bane hae. Lead aur zinc ke milae ke crystal glass banaawa jaae hae.

Kaaaheki lens glass se banaa rahe hae, chasma ke glasses bola jaae hae.

## Itihaas

Prakritik ruup (natural form) me glass, khass kar ke [[jwalamuki] se banaa glass ke stone age me kaate ke aujaar khaatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Indus Valley Civilization se laal-orange rang ke glass bead ke khoda gais hae, jiske 1900BC ke date karaa gais hae. Ii Egypt aur Mesopotamia se pahile hae, jahaan pe glass banaana 1500 BC aur 1600 BC me suruu bhas rahaa.
# San Marino

Where San Marino is in the world
A map of San Marino
View of a place called Borgo Maggiore
**San Marino** dunia ke ek sab se chhota des me se ek hae. Ii southern Europe me hae, aur iske charo taraf Italy hae. Hian pe 32,000 ke kamti jan rahe hae. Iske puura area 61km2 hae.