# Bhasa

**Bhasa** se insaan log ek duusre se baat chit kare hae.

Bahut log bhasa ke bahut rakam se samjhe ke kosis karin hae. Jaise ki:

1. ek rakam hae jisse ki chij, kaam or soch ke baare me batawa jaaawe sake hae
2. dher chij jon ki alag alag log ke khatir ekke matlab hoe hae
3. ek rakam ke soche waala chij
4. chinh jon ki action aur inaction ke imply kare hae
5. koi rakam ke baat chit
6. Bhasa, admii log ke biich me ek samjhauta hae ki rakam rakam ke awaaj ke konchij matlab rahe hae.

## Kuchh bhasa ke khaas sabd

English, Spanish, German, French and Russian ke kuchh khaas sabd.

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hello | Hola | Hallo/Guten Tag | Bonjour | Privet/Zdravstvuyte |
| Goodbye | Adios / Chao | Tschüs / Auf Wiedersehen | Au revoir | Do svidaniya |
| How are you? | ¿Cómo estás? | Wie geht's? | Ca va? | Kak vashi dela? |
| Goodnight | Buenas noches | Gute Nacht | Bonne nuit | Spokoynoy nochi |
| Good afternoon | Buenas tardes | Guten Abend | Bonsoir | Dobry den' |
| Thank you | Gracias | Danke | Merci | Spasibo |
| Have a nice day! | ¡Que tengas un buen día! | Schönen Tag (noch)! | Bonne journee! | Vsevo khoroshevo |
| See you later! | ¡Hasta luego! | Bis später! | A bientot! | Uvidimsya |
| How do you feel? | ¿Cómo te sientes? | Wie geht es dir? | Comment sentir vous? | Kak vy sebya chuvstvuyete? |
| How old are you? | ¿Cuántos años tienes? | Wie alt bist du? | Quel âge tu? | Skol'ko vam let? |
| What is your name? | ¿Cómo te llamas? | Wie heißt du? | Comment t'appelles tu? | Kak vas zavut? |
| What would you like to do? | ¿Qué te gusta hacer? | Was willst du machen? | Voudrais-vous que faire? | Chem vy zanimayetes'? |

Chirasmita Bhasa ke suchi

## Jisme 60 million se jaada log baat kare hae/Top 20

| Language | Family | Ethnologue (2005 ke estimate) | Encarta ke estimate | Other estimates | Ranking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Mandarin** | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 873,014,298 | 1,210,000,000† | 982,000,000 native, 179,000,000 second language = 1,151,000,000 total †Encarta ke estimate sa China ke dialect ke include kare hae | 1 (1,041,507,149) |
| **Hindi/Urdu** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 366,000,000 Hindi, 60,503,579 Urdu | 366,000,000 Hindi, 60,290,000 Urdu | Standard Hindi 325,000,000; A total of 650,000,000 including Urdu (Pakistanke official bhasa ) aur jiske duusra bhasa hae, isme Maithili nai hae. Sab Hindi-Urdu dialect me baat kare waale ek duusre ke samajhe sake hae. | 2 (426,396,789) |
| **English** | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, English | 328,008,138 | 341,000,000 | Dunia bhar me 1,500,000,000 se jaada hoe sake hae. | 3 (334,504,069) |
| **Spanish** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance | 328,518,810 | 322,200,000 | Total of 417 million including second-language speakers (1999). | 4 (325,359,405) |
| **Arbii** | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | 206,000,000 | 422,039,637 |
200 million ke matr bhasa aur 250 million non-native baat kare waala
Ii United Nations ke chhe official bhasa me se ek hae. | 5 (314,019,818) |
| **Bengali** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 207,000,000 | 207,000,000 | Chittagonian aur 10.3 million Sylheti bhi hae). | 6 (207,000,000) |
| **Portuguese** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance | 177,457,180 | 176,000,000 | 210 million matr bhasa, 20 million duusra bhasa = 235 million total | 7 (176,728,590) |
| **Russian** | Indo-European, Slavic, East | 145,031,551 | 167,000,000 | 165 million matr bhasa, 110 million duusra bhasa = 275 million total | 8 (156,015,775) |
| **Japanese** | Language isolate, Japonic | 122,433,899 | 125,000,000 | 130 million native, 2 million duusra bhasa = 132 million total | 9 (123,716,949) |
| **German** | Indo-European, Germanic, West | 95,392,978 | 100,130,000 | 101 million matr bhasa (88 million Standard German, 5 million Swiss German, 8 million Austrian German), 60 million second language in EU + 5–20 million worldwide. | 10 (97,761,489) |
| **French** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance | 77,000,000 128,000,000 including second language speakers | 78,000,000 | 128 million “native and real speakers" (includes 64,473,140 French people), 72 million *"partiels"*, 250 million second language (worldwide including Africa and North Africa) = 450+ million (as a total of first and additional language spoken) and up to 600+ million total with significant knowledge (not necessarily fluent) of the language (2008). Not including partial speakers, French is the ninth most spoken language in the world when including second language speakers. | 11 (77,500,000) |
| **Wu** | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 77,200,000 | — | 77 million native | 12 (77,100,000) |
| **Korean** | language isolate, or Altaic(controversial) | 75,000,000 | 78,000,000 | 42,000,000 in South Korea (1986). Population total all countries 78,000,000 (1999 WA) | 13 (76,500,000) |
| **Javanese** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 75,500,000 | 75,600,000 | 70–75 million | 14 (75,500,550) |
| **Yue Chinese/Cantonese** | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 71,000,000 | -- |  | 15 (71,000,000) |
| **Telugu** | Dravidian, South Central | 69,666,000 | 69,666,000 | 74,002,856 84 million native, 5 million second language = 89 million total (2001) | 16 (69,666,000) |
| **Marathi** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 68,000,000 | 68,000,000 | Indian census:71,936,894 68 million native, 3 million second language = 71 million total | 17 (68,000,000) |
| **Vietnamese** | Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Vietic | 67,400,000 | 68,000,000 | 70 million native, perhaps up to 16 million second language, = ~86 million total | 18 (67,700,000) |
| **Tamil** | Dravidian, Tamil Nadu ,Southern India, Srilanka, Singapore & Malaysia. | 66,000,000 | 66,000,000 | Indian census:60,793,814 78 million  | 19 (66,000,000) |
| **Italian** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance | 61,696,677 | 62,000,000 |  | 20 (61,848,338) |

## 20 to 60 million native speakers

| Language | Family | Ethnologue (2005 estimate) | Encarta estimate | Other | Ranking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Turkish**  | Altaic, Turkic, Oghuz | 59 million | 61,000,000 |  | 21 (60 million) |
| **Punjabi** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 56,000,000 | 57,000,000 | 61–62 million (2000 WCD) (taken together with Eastern Punjabi (28 million) and Siraiki (14 million): 104 million total) | 22 |
| **Persian** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian | 72 million | 31.3 million | ca. 72 million; sometimes taken to include all of Southwestern Iranian (Luri, Tati, and other); ca. 72 million second language, February 2007, total ca. 144 million total | 23 |
|  **Min** | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 46.2 million | -- | Southern Min: 49m, Northern Min 10.43m | 24 |
| **Polish** | Indo-European, Slavic, West | 42.7 million | 52 million | -- | 25(47.3 million) |
| **Gujarati** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 46.1 million | 46.1 million | -- | 26 |
| **Ukrainian** | Indo-European, Slavic, East | 39.4 million | 47 million | -- | 27 (43.2 million) |
| **Xiang** | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 36.0 million |  |  | 28 |
| **Malayalam** | Dravidian, Kerala, Southern - India | 35,706,000 | 35,706,000 | Indian census:33,066,392 | 29 |
| **Kannada** | Dravidian, Southern | 35.4 million | 35.4 million | 38 million native, 9 million second language, = 64 million total | 30 |
| **Maithili** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 45 million | 24,191,900 |  | 31(34.6 million) |
| **Hakka** | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 34,000,000 | -- |  | 32 |
| **Burmese** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese | 32,000,000 | 32.3 million |  | 33 |
| **Oriya** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 31.7 million | 32.3 million | Oriya is an official language of India and is spoken by over 35 million people all over the world. Indian Census:33,017,446 | 34 |
| **Azerbaijani** | Altaic, Turkic, Oghuz | 31 million | 31.4 million | 25–35 million native, including Qashqai (data for Iran uncertain); 8 million second language (outside Iran) | 35 |
| **Sunda** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 27 million | 27 million |  | 36 |
| **Bhojpuri** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 26 million | 26,254,000 |  | 37 |
| **Romanian** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance | 26,000,000 | 26,265,555 | Official in Moldova, Romania, Serbia (Vojvodina). Significant communities in Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, USA. 26 million native, 4 million second language. The total is about 30 million.  | 38 |
| **Hausa** | Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West | 24,200,000 | 24.2 million (2006) | Official in Niger, north Nigeria. Significant communities in Chad, Benin, Ghana, Sudan 24 million native, ~15 million second language, = ~39 million total | 39 |
| **Malay** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | 23,576,500 | 23.6 million (2006) | Official in Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore. Native to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thaeland. Significant communities in Australia, Bahrain. 18 million native, 3 million second language, = 21 million total (not counting Indonesian)  | 40 |
| **Pashto** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern | 19,000,000 | 26,811,657 | Official in Afghanistan. Native to Pakistan. Significant communities in Iran, United Arab Emirates.  | 41(22.9 million) |
|  **Gan** | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 21 million | -- | 48 million, 29 million in Jiangxi | 42 |
| **Serbo-Croatian** | Indo-European, Slavic, South | 21,000,000 | 21.1 million (2006) | Official in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia, under names Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian respectively. Significant communities in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia. | 43 |
| **Indonesian** (also known as Bahasa Indonesian) | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 23.1 million | 17.1 million | national language in Indonesia over 140 million second language speakers per Ethnologue. Almost 100% of the abaadi of Indonesia speaks Bahasa Indonesia, a dialect of Malay. | 44(20.1 million) |
| **Thae** | Kradai, Tai | 20.05 million (1996) | 46.1 million (2006) | Encarta includes Northern, Northeastern adn Southern Thae as well as Central whereas ethnologue Thae is just Central Thae ~31 million native (1983 SIL, 1990 Diller, 2000 WCD) (dated data), = ~60 million first and second language (2001 A. Diller). Includes Southern Thae, Northern Thae/Western Lao, but not Shan, Isan, or Lao. | 45 |
| **Dutch** | Indo-European, Germanic, West | 20,000,000 | 20 million (2006) | 25 million Official in Belgium, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Suriname. Significant communities in the United States, Canada, Australia, Indonesia and South Africa (excluding Afrikaans). | 46 |
| **Yoruba** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid | 20,000,000 | 20 million (2006) | Official in Nigeria. | 47 |

## 10 to 20 million native speakers

| Language | Family | Ethnologue (2005 estimate) | Encarta estimate | Other | Ranking by Ethnologue estimate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Sindhi** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 19,720,000 | 19,720,000 (2006) | Official in India, Pakistan. Significant communities in People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), UK, Philipines Oman. 17 million native, 13 million second language, = 30 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)  | 48 |
| **Uzbek** | Altaic, Turkic, Eastern | 18,466,000 | 20.1 million (2006) | Official in Uzbekistan. Native to Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan  | 49 |
| **Igbo** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid | 18 million | 18 million | Official in Nigeria unknown number second language. | 50 |
| **Oromo** | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | split into different dialects in their consideration | 17.2 million (2006) | National language of Ethiopia. Significant communities in Kenya 24 million native (31.6% of Ethiopia [1994 census]), ~2 million second language, = 26 million total (1998 census)  | 51 |
| **Amharic** | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South | 17,413,000 | 17.4 million (2006) | Official in Ethiopia. Significant communities in Israel.27 million native (32.7% Ethiopia [1994 census] and 2.7 million emigrants), 10% (7 million) as a second language = 34 million total  | 52 |
| **Tagalog** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | 17,000,000 | 17 million (2006) | Official and Native in Philippines. Significant communities in Canada, People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United States (Alaska, California, Guam, Hawaii, Northern Mariana Islands). 22 million native (2000 census), ~65 million second language, = 85 million total  | 53 |
| **Nepali** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 16,056,000 | 16,056,000 | Official in Nepal, India (Sikkim). Significant communities in Bhutan.approx. 30 million in Nepal, 16 million as native tongue and 15 million as a second language (2006) | 54 |
| **Cebuano** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | 15 million | 15 million (2006) | Native to Philippines 18.5 million native, ~11.5 million second language, = 30 million total (2000 census) | 55 |
| **Assamese** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 15,334,000 | 15,374,000 | Official in India (Assam). Significant communities in Bhutan and Bangladesh. Assamese is spoken and/or understood by most everyone in the state of Assam. Assam had a abaadi of 26.7 million in 2003-04. So, Assamese has another 8-10 million second language speakers. Assamese is also understood and spoken widely in Arunachal Pradesh with a abaadi of 1.1 million. These are mostly second or third language speakers. Various tribes in Nagaland with a abaadi 2 million use Nakhelse, a variant of Assamese, for communication. Thus, a total of approximately, 28-30 million people speak and understand Assamese. | 56 |
| **Hungarian** | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric | 14,500,000 | 14.5 million (2006) | Official in Hungary, Serbia (Vojvodina), Slovenia, Austria. Significant communities in Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, United States, Israel 14 million native (1995) | 57 |
| **Zhuang** | Kradai, Tai | 14 million | 14 million | Official in People's Republic of China (Guangxi) 14 million native (1992), unknown number second language | 58 |
| **Madurese** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 13,694,000 | 13,694,000 | Native to Indonesia (Originally Java, Madura)  | 59 |
| **Sinhalese** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 13,220,000 | 13.2 million (2006) | Official in Sri Lanka. Significant communities in United Arab Emirates 13 million native, 2 million second language, = 15 million total (1993)  | 60 |
| **Greek** | Indo-European, Greek | 12 million | 12 million | Official in Cyprus, Greece. Significant communities in Albania, Australia, Canada, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA.  12 million (2004), up to 10–12 million more second language | 61 |
| **Czech** | Indo-European, Slavic, West | 12 million (2006) | 12 million (1990 WA). | Official in Czech Republic. | 62 |
| **Fula/Fulfulde** | Niger-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian | ~13 million (all varieties) | 11,428,700 | Official in Niger, Nigeria. National language in Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Sierra Leone. | 63 |
| **Shona** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | 7,000,000 | 14 million | National language of Zimbabwe. Significant communities in Botswana, Mozambique. 15 million native, 1.8 million second language, = 16–17 million total, including Ndau, Manyika (2000 A. Chebanne)  | 64(10.5 million) |
| **Malagasy** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines, Barito | 9,398,700 | 10.5 million (2006) | Official in Madagascar. Significant communities in Mayotte. 17 million  | 65(10 million) |

## 2 to 10 million native speakers

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | SIL estimate | Number of speakers | Ranking by number of native speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Somali** | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East | Official in Somalia. Native to Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya. Significant communities in Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Yemen.10-16 million native and at least 500,000 second-language speakers.million (2004 WCD)  | 9.8 million (2006) |  | 66 |
| **Zulu** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Lesotho, Swaziland  | 9.6 million (2006) | 9.6 million native, ~16 million second language, = ~25 million total (1996 census) | 67 |
| **Quechua** | Quechuan | Official in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Significant communities in Argentina | 8.3 million (2006) | 10.4 million, all varieties | 68 |
| **Kazakh** | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Southern | Official in Kazakhstan. Significant communities in People's Republic of China (Xinjiang), Russia, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan  | 8.2 million (2006) | 12 million | 69 |
| **Tibetan** | Sino-Tibetan, Northwestern, Southern | Official in People's Republic of China (Tibet Autonomous Region and part of Qinghae, Sichuan, Gansu). Significant communities in India  | 7.1 million (2006) | 7.6 million | 70 |
| **Kurdish** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern | 37,000,000 |  | Official in Iraq. Native to Armenia, Iran, Syria, Turkey. Significant communities in Germany, Lebanon.  | 71 |
| **Tajik** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian | Official in Tajikistan. Significant communities in Uzbekistan  | 4.4 million. | 7.9-17 million native (estimates vary due to lack of official data, moreover these exclude Tajiks of Afghanistan) | 72 |
| **Chichewa (Nyanja)** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Malawi, Zambia. Significant communities in Mozambique, Zimbabwe.  |  | 9.3 million native (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk), 0.4 million second language (1999 WA), = 9.7 million total | 73 |
| **Haitian Creole** | Indo-European, Romance, Creole | Official in Haiti. Significant communities in Bahamas, Canada (Quebec), Cuba, Cayman Islands (UK), Dominican Republic, France (Guadeloupe), United States (Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New York).  | 7.4 million (2006) | 12 million (2005) | 74 |
| **Belarusian** | Indo-European, Slavic, East | Official in Belarus. Significant communities in Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Poland, Russia  | 10.2 million (2006) | 9.1 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 75 |
| **Lombard** | Indo-European, Romance | Native to  Italy | -- | 5 million Western Lombard + 3 million Eastern Lombard + others = 9.13 million (Ethnologue 2006) | 76 |
| **Hebrew** | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, North Central | Official in Israel. Significant communities in USA (New York, California) and Gibraltar.  | 9.42 million (2006) | ~up to 10.0 million speakers including 2nd language speakers | 77 |
| **Swedish** | Indo-European, Germanic, North | National language of Sweden. National language in Finland. | 9 million (2006) | 8.8 million (1986), ~9 million (2005) | 78 |
| **Kongo** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language in Angola, Congo-Brazzaville (Kituba), Congo-Kinshasa. | 4.7 million (2006) | 8.7 million, all varieties, including Yombe and creolized Kituba (1986–2002) (dated data) | 79 |
| **Akan** | Niger-Congo, Kwa | National language in Ghana | 7 million (2006) | 8.3 million native, ~1 million second language, = ~10 million total (2004 SIL) | 80 |
| **Tshiluba** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Congo-Kinshasa |  | 7.8 million native, 0.7 million second language, = 8.5 million total (1991 UBS). Includes 1.5 million Kiluba. | 81 |
| **Ilokano** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines. Significant communities in United States (Hawaii).  | 8 million (2006) | 7.7 million native (2000 census), ~2.3 second language = 10 million total | 82 |
| **Uyghur** | Altaic, Turkic, Southeastern, Eastern | Official in People's Republic of China (Xinjiang). Significant communities in Kazakhstan  | 7.6 million (2006) | 7.6 million | 83 |
| **Neapolitan** | Indo-European, Romance |  Native to  Italy | -- | 7.5 million native | 84 |
| **Bulgarian** | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official in Bulgaria. Significant communities in Moldova, Ukraine, the Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA | 9 million (2006) | 7.7 million in Bulgaria (2005) and ~1 million abroad = 8.5 million native | 85 |
| **Kinyarwanda** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Rwanda. Significant communities in Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda  |  | 7.3 million (1998) | 86 |
| **Khmer** | Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Khmer | 7,039,200 | 8 million (2006) | Official in Cambodia. Significant communities in Thaeland, United States (California), Vietnam 14 million native, 1 million second language, = 15 million total (2004)  | 87 |
| **Xhosa** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Lesotho  | 6.9 million (2006) | 7.2 million (1996 census) | 88 |
| **Balochi** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian | Native to Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan. Significant communities in Oman, United Arab Emirates | 7 million (2006) | 7.0 million (1998) | 89 |
| **Hiligaynon** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 7 million (2006) | 6.9 million (2000 census), est. 4.1 million second language = ~11 million total | 90 |
| **Tigrinya** | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South | Official in Eritrea, Ethiopia | 5.1 million (2006) | 4.5 million in Ethiopia (6% of abaadi (1994 census)), ~2.25 million in Eritrea (50% of abaadi (CIA)), = 6.75 million native, 146,934 as second language (1994 census), = 6.9 million total | 91 |
| **Catalan** | Indo-European, Romance | Official and Native to Andorra, Spain (Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon (La Franja)), France (Pyrénées-Orientales), Italy (Alghero). | 6.6 million (2006) | 6.7 million native, ~5 million second language, = ~12 million total (1996) (includes Valencian) | 92 |
| **Minangkabau** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | Indonesia (Sumatra) | 6.5 million (2006) | 6.5 million (1981 Moussay) (dated data) | 93 |
| **Turkmen** | Altaic, Turkic, Southwestern, Eastern | Official in Turkmenistan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, Iran. | 6.4 million (2006) | 6.4 million (1995) | 94 |
| **Makhuwa** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Mozambique. Significant communities in Tanzania | 2.5 million (2006) | 6.4 million, all varieties, including Lomwe | 95 |
| **Santali** | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | Official in India | 6.2 million (2006) | 6.2 million (1997) | 96 |
| **Albanian** | Indo-European, isolate | Official in Albania, Macedonia, Kosovo . Significant communities in Greece, Italy. | 6.0 million | 3.6 million (data from Albania) | 97 |
| **Armenian** | Indo-European, isolate | Official in Armenia. Significant communities in Russia, USA, Georgia, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, France. | 6 million (2006) | 6.7 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, etc.) | 98 |
| **Afrikaans** | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic   | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Namibia,Botswana, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and United Kingdom.  | 6.0 million (2006) | 6.0 million native, 10.3 million second language, = 16 million total (1996 census) | 99 |
| **Mongolian** | Altaic, Mongolian | Official in People's Republic of China (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia | 5.7 million (2006) | 5.7 million | 100 |
| **Bhili** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.3 million (2006) | 5.6 million, all varieties (1994). Includes 1.6 million Wagdi, etc. | 101 |
| **Danish** | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Denmark, Faroe Islands (Denmark). Significant communities in Germany (Southern Schleswig) and Greenland.  | 5.3 million (2006) | 5.6 million (2006?) | 102 |
| **Finnish** | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic | Official in Finland. Significant communities in Sweden and Estonia. | 6.1 million (2006) | 5.4 million (1993) | 103 |
| **Tatar** | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Northern | Official in Russia (Tatarstan). Significant communities in Bashkortostan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan  | 5.7 million (1989 USSR census), at least 5.34 million (2002 census: ethnic Tatars in Russia only) |  | 104 |
| **Gikuyu** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Kenya | 5.4 million (2006) | 5.3 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) | 105 |
| **Slovak** | Indo-European, Slavic, West | Official in Slovakia and Vojvodina district of Serbia. | 5.6 million (2006) | 5.0 million (1990 WA) | 106 |
| **More** | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Burkina Faso | 5.1 million (2006) | ~5 million (1991) | 107 |
| **Guarani** | Tupi | Official in Paraguay. Significant communities in Argentina.  | 5.1 million (2006) | 4.9 million (1995) | 108 |
| **Swahili** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Tanzania. Significant communities in Comoros, Mayotte, Oman  | 5 million (2006) | ~5 million native, ~80 million second language | 109 |
| **Southern Quechua**  | Quechuan | Official in Peru, Bolivia | ~5,000,000 |  | 110 |

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | SIL estimate | Number of speakers | Ranking by number of native speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kirundi** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Burundi. |  | 4.9 million (1986) (dated data) | 111 |
| **Sesotho (southern)** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Lesotho, South Africa. |  | 4.9 million (1996 census) | 112 |
| **Central Morocco Tamazight** (Berber) | Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern | 3,500,000National language in Algeria, Mali and Niger (Tuaregs); unrecognized in Morocco, Libya and Tunisia. Large migrant communities in France, Benelux, Spain and Germany . | 32.3 million (2006) | 37+ million (1998) | 113 |
| **Romani** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Significant communities in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey  | 3.1 million (2006) | 4.8 million, all varieties, including Domari (data for Vlax 2002–2004; for Domari 2000 WCD). | 114 |
| **Norwegian** | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Norway. | 5 million (2006) | 4.7 million (2006, Statistics Norway) | 115 |
| **Pahari-Potwari** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Pakistan: Areas of Pakistani administered Kashmir e.g. Mirpur District, Rawalpindi. Dialects include Pahari (Dhundi-Kairali), Pothwari (Potwari), Chibhali, Pindiwali, Punchhi (Poonchi), and Mirpuri. (Mirpuri can also refer to Mirpur Punjabi, a Lahnda language. Pahari-Potwari is related to Punjabi. |  | 4.7 million, all varieties | 116 |
| **Tibetan** | Sino-Tibetan,Tibeto-Burman, Bodic | Official in People's Republic of China (Tibet, Qinghae, parts of Sichuan, Gansu) | 1.3 million (2006) | 4.6 million, all varieties | 117 |
| **Kanuri** | Nilo-Saharan, Saharan | Official in Niger, Nigeria. Significant communities in Chad (Kanembu)  |  | 4.4 million native, 0.5 million second language, = 4.9 million total (data mostly from 1985) (dated data) | 118 |
| **Kashmiri** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in and  native to India. | 4.5 million (2006) | 4.6 million (1997) | 119 |
| **Bikol** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 3.3 million (2006) | 4.5 native, all varieties (2000 census), unknown number second language | 120 |
| **Yi** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Burmic | People's Republic of China | 4.2 million (2006) | 7.8 million ethnic Yi (2000 census) | 121 |
| **Georgian** | Kartvelian | Official in Georgia. Significant communities in Israel.  | 4.1 million (2006) | 4.2 million (1993 UBS) | 122 |
| **Qusqu-Qullaw** | Quechuan | Official in Peru (Cusco and Puno departments) Also spoken in Bolivia, Argentina | 4 million |  | 123 |
| **Tswana** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Botswana, South Africa. National language of Namibia | 4 million (2006) | 4.4 million native, 200,000 second language, = 4.6 million total (1993 Johnstone) (dated data) | 124 |
| **Umbundu** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola |  | ~4 million native, unknown number second language (1995 WA) | 125 |
| **Konkani** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in India (Goa).Significant communities in Uttara Kannada,Dakshina Kannada. | 6 million (2006) | ~4 million (1999 WA) | 126 |
| **Balinese** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Bali-Sasak | Indonesia (Bali, Lombok) | 3.8 million (2006) | 3.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 127 |
| **Northern Sotho (sePedi)** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Botswana  |  | 3.7 million (1996 census) | 128 |
| **Luyia** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 3.6 million (2006) | 3.6 million (1989 census) (dated data) | 129 |
| **Wolof** | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language in Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in The Gambia.  | 3.4 million (2006) | 3.6 million native (2002), unknown number second language | 130 |
| **Buginese** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, South Sulawesi | Indonesia |  | 3.5 million native, 0.5 million second language, = ~4 million total (1991 SIL) | 131 |
| **Luo (Dholuo)** | Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic | Kenya | 3.4 million (2006) | 3.5 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) (dated data) | 132 |
| **Maninka** | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Guinea, Mali. Significant numbers in Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone.  | 2.5 million (2006) | 3.3 million, all varieties | 133 |
| **Mazanderani** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western | Iran | 3.3 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Gilaki) | 134 |
| **Gilaki** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western | Iran | 3.3 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Mazanderani) | 135 |
| **Shan** | Kradai, Tai | Myanmar | 3 million (2006) | 3.3 million | 136 |
| **Tsonga** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Mozambique, Swaziland.  | 3.2 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1989, 1996) (dated data) | 137 |
| **Galician** | Indo-European, Romance. |  Official in Galicia, Spain. | 3.2 million (2006) | 3.2 million (1986) (data dated) | 138 |
| **Lao** | Kradai, Tai | Official in Laos. Native to Thaeland. | 3.2 million (2006) | ~19 million Lao-Phutai dialects (including Isan) (data dated) | 139 |
| **Sukuma** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | 5 million (2006) | 3.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 140 |
| **Yiddish** | Indo-European, Germanic, West | official in Russia (Jewish Autonomous Oblast) Significant communities in Belarus, Israel, Latvia, Ukraine, USA.  | 3 million (2006) | 3.2 million | 141 |
| **Jamaican Creole** | Indo-European, Germanic, West, Creole | Jamaica. Significant communities in Panama, Costa Rica  | 2.8 million (2006) | 3.2 million (2001) | 142 |
| **Piemonteis** | Indo-European, Italic, North | Italy (official in the Piedmont region), Argentina | 3.1 million (2000) | 3.1 million (2000), might not include speakers in Latin America | 143 |
| **Kyrgyz** | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Southern | Official in Kyrgyzstan. Native to Tajikistan | 3.1 million (2006) | 3.1 million (1993 UBS) (dated data) | 144 |
| **Waray-Waray** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 2.4 million | 3.1 native (2000 census), unknown number second language | 145 |
| **Ewe** | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Official in Togo. National language of Ghana. | 2.5 million (2006) | 3.1 million native, 500,000 second language, = 3.6 million total (2003) | 146 |
| **South Bolivian Quechua** | Quechuan | Official in Bolivia, also spoken in Argentina  | 3,637,500 (ethnologue)sout |  | 147 |
| **Lithuanian** | Indo-European, Baltic | Official in Lithuania. Significant communities in Latvia.  | 4 million (2006) | 3.1 million (1998) | 148 |
| **Luganda** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Uganda |  | 3.0 million native (1991 census), ~1 million second language (1999 WA), = ~4 million total | 149 |
| **Lusoga** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Uganda, official status unclear/pending  |  | +/- 3 million native speakers (2002 census), +/- 100,000 second-language speakers (dated data) | 150 |
| **Acehnese** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | Indonesia | 3 million (2006) | ~3 million (1999 WA) | 151 |
| **Kimbundu** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola |  | ~3 million (1999 WA) | 152 |
| **Hindko** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Pakistan | 2.5 million (2006) | ~3 million (1993) (dated data) | 153 |
| **Ibibio-Efik** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River | Efik official in Nigeria | 1.5 million (2006) | ~3 million, including Anaang (1990; 1998 B. Connell) (dated data) | 154 |

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively, or as an immigrant language, by more than 1% of the abaadi | Number of speakers | Ranking by number of native speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rajbangsi** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 3.0 million (1991 census) | 155 |
| **Garhwali** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 2.9 million (2000) | 156 |
| **Bambara** | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Mali | 2.8 million native, 10 million second language, = 13 million total | 157 |
| **Hmong** | Hmong-Mien | China. Significant communities in France (French Guiana), Laos, United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin), Vietnam | 2.8 million (2006) ~4 million (Lemoine, 2005) | 158 |
| **Ometo** | Afro-Asiatic, Omotic | Ethiopia | 2.8 million, all varieties, including Welayta (1998 census) | 159 |
| **Indian Sign Language** | Language isolate (Sign language) | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan | 2.7 million in India, plus unknown number in Bangladesh, Pakistan (2003). Same language as Pakistani Sign Language | 160 |
| **Betawi creole** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Creole | Indonesia | 2.7 million (1993 Johnstone) | 161 |
| **Karen** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Karenic | Myanmar, Thaeland, India | 2.6 million, all varieties (dated data) | 162 |
| **Gondi** | Dravidian | India | 2.6 million (1997) | 163 |
| **Senoufo** | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Mali. Native to Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire.  | 2.6 million, all varieties (1991, 1993, 2001) | 164 |
| **Kalenjin** | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Kenya | 2.5 million (1989 census) | 165 |
| **Kumauni** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 2.4 million in India (1998) | 166 |
| **Kamba** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 2.4 million native, 600,000 second language, = 3.0 million total (1989 census) | 167 |
| **Luri** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western | Iran | 2.4 million (1999, 2001) | 168 |
| **K'iche'** | Mayan | Guatemala | 2.3 million (2000 SIL) | 169 |
| **Kapampangan** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 2.3 million (2000 census) | 170 |
| **Bemba** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Zambia | 2.2 million (2006) 3.6 million native, unknown number second language (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 171 |
| **Central Aymara** | Aymaran | Official in Bolivia, Peru. Significant numbers in Argentina.  | 2.2 million Central Aymara (1987) | 172 |
| **Tiv** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid | Nigeria | 2.2 million native, unknown number second language (1991 UBS) | 173 |
| **Brahui** | Dravidian | Pakistan, Afghanistan | 2.2 million | 174 |
| **Gbaya** | Niger-Congo, Ubangian | Central African Republic, Congo-Kinshasa | 2.2 million, all varieties, including Ngbaka (2000 WCD) | 175 |
| **Zarma** | Nilo-Saharan, Songhae | Official in Niger | 2.2 million (1998) | 176 |
| **Baoulé** | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Côte d'Ivoire | 2.1 million (1993 SIL) | 177 |
| **Dogri** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in India (Jammu and Kashmir states) | 2.1 million (1997) | 178 |
| **Lingala** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa. | 2.1 million native (2000 WCD), 7 million second language in Congo-Kinshasa (1999 WA), unknown additional second-language speakers in Congo-Brazzaville, = 9+ million total. According to Britannica (2005 Yearbook) more than 36 million people speak Lingala as lingua franca. | 179 |
| **Sasak** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | 2.1 million (1989) | 180 |
| **Kurux** | Dravidian | India, Nepal | 2.1 million (1997) | 181 |
| **Mundari** | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | India | 2.1 million (1997) | 182 |
| **Dinka** | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Southern Sudan | 2+ million | 183 |
| **Slovene** | Indo-European, Slavic, South Slavic | Official in Austria, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia. | 2.0 million (1991 census) plus minorities in Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy; several hundred thousand (100 000 - 200 000) in US, Canada and Australia | 184 |
| **Batak** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Northern Sumatra | Indonesia | 2 million (2006) ~6.2 million, all varieties (c. 1991 UBS) (dated data). Includes Toba, Dairi, Simalungun, etc. | 185 |
| **Macedonian** | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official in Republic of Macedonia , also sizeable communities in Greece, Bulgaria and Albania  | 2.0 million (1995)  | 186 |
| **Buyei** | Kradai, Tai | China | ~2 million (1990 census) | 187 |
| **Beti-Pahuin** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Gabon, Equatorial Guinea. Significant communities in Cameroon, São Tomé and Príncipe.  | ~2 million. Includes Fang, Ewondo, etc. | 188 |

## 1 to 2 million native speakers

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | SIL estimate | Ranking by number of native speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Zazaki** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western | Turkey | 1.5–2.5 million (all dialects) (1998 Paul) | 189 |
| **Occitan** | Indo-European, Romance | France, Italy, Spain, Monaco | 1,939,000 | 190 |
| **Tulu** | Dravidian | India | 1.9 million (1997) | 191 |
| **Ligurian** | Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic | Italy, France, Monaco | 1,920,848 | 192 |
| **Sidamo** | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East | Ethiopia | 1.9 million native, 100,000 second language, = 2.0 million total (1998 census) | 193 |
| **Bashkir** | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Northern | Official in Russia (Bashkortostan) | 1.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 194 |
| **Yao** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique | ~1.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 195 |
| **Chuvash** | Altaic, Turkic | Official in Russia (Chuvashia) | 1.8 million native, 200,000 second language, = 2.0 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 196 |
| **Ijaw** (Izon) | Niger-Congo, Ijoid languages | Indigenous in Nigeria | 1.8 million (all varieties) (Izon 1 million) | 197 |
| **Fon** | Niger-Congo, Kwa | National language of Benin Significant communities in Togo  | 1.7 million native (2000 Hoddenbagh), unknown number second language | 198 |
| **SiSwati** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa, Swaziland. Significant communities in Lesotho  | 1.7 million (1996 census, 1993 Johnstone) | 199 |
| **Irish** | Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic | Official in the Republic of Ireland; Northern Ireland, Small communities in USA, Canada and Australia | 1,656,790 (2006 Irish Census)  | 200 |
| **Latvian** | Indo-European, Baltic | Official in Latvia. Significant communities in Australia, USA, United Kingdom, Ireland, Brazil.  | 1.6 million | 201 |
| **Nyankore** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Uganda | 1.6 million (1991 census) | 202 |
| **Makasar** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | 1.6 million native, 400,000 second language, = 2 million total (1989) | 203 |
| **Gusii** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 1.6 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) | 204 |
| **Khandeshi** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.6 million (1997) | 205 |
| **Ndebele** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. National language of Zimbabwe. | 1.6 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 206 |
| **Chin** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Myanmar, India | 1.6 million (1990 BAP, 1996 UBS). All varieties, but *not* including Mizo etc. | 207 |
| **Limburgish** | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Meuse-Rhenish | Official in Netherlands (as a regional language). Belgium and Germany (no official status) | 1.6 million | 208 |
| **Vlax Romani** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Albania, Colombia, Hungary | 1.5 million | 209 |
| **Sara** | Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, Bongo-Bagirmi | National language of Chad. Significant communities in Central African Republic.  | 1.5 million native, all varieties, large number second-language speakers (dated data) | 210 |
| **Pangasinan** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 1.5 million (2000 census) | 211 |
| **Tonga** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Zambia, Zimbabwe | 1.5 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 212 |
| **Lampung** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | ~1.5 million (1981 Wurm and Hattori) | 213 |
| **Sardinian** | Indo-European, Romance | Official in Italy (Sardinia) | ~1.5 million (1977 M. Ibba, Rutgers University) | 214 |
| **Scots** | Indo-European, Germanic, West | Scotland, Significant communities in Northern Ireland  | ~1.5 million native (General Register Office for Scotland, 1996) | 215 |
| **Dong** | Kradai, Kam-Sui | China | 1.5 million | 216 |
| **Mende** | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Sierra Leone | 1.5 million native, unknown number second language (1987 UBS) | 217 |
| **Tày** | Kradai, Kam-Tai, Tai | Vietnam | 1.5 million in Viet Nam (1999 census) | 218 |
| **Nahuatl** | Uto-Aztecan, isolate | Mexico | 1.4 million (all varieties) (dated data) | 219 |
| **Afar** | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East | Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti | 1.4 million (1998 census) | 220 |
| **Dagbani** | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Ghana | 1.4 million, including Kusaal, Mampruli (2004 SIL) | 221 |
| **Koli** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India, Pakistan | 1.4 million, all varieties (some data dated) | 222 |
| **Chiga** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Uganda | 1.4 million (1991 census) | 223 |
| **Chechen** | Caucasic, Nakh | Official in Russia (Chechnya). | 1.33 million (2002 census) | 224 |
| **Tumbuka** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Malawi. Significant communities in Zambia  | 1.3 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 225 |
| **Iu Mien** | Hmong-Mien, Yao | China | 1.3 million, all varieties (1995 Wang and Mao) | 226 |
| **Meru** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 1.3 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) (dated data) | 227 |
| **Gogo** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | ~1.3 million (1992 UBS) (dated data) | 228 |
| **Teso** | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Uganda. Significant communities in Kenya  | 1.3 million (1991 census) | 229 |
| **Meithei** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Official in India (Manipur) | 1.3 million (1997) | 230 |
| **Tamang** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Nepal | 1.3 million | 231 |
| **Makonde** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania, Mozambique | 1.3 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 232 |
| **Bai** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, unclassified | China | 1.2 million (2003) | 233 |
| **Tuareg** | Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Southern | Official in Niger. National language of Mali. | 1.2 million (1991–1998) | 234 |
| **Mandinka** | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Senegal. Significant communities in Gambia, Guinea-Bissau.  | 1.2 million (2002) | 235 |
| **Jula** | Niger-Congo, Mande | Native to Burkina Faso, Significant communities in Côte d'Ivoire  | ~1.2 million native, 3–4 million second language | 236 |
| **Temne** | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language of Sierra Leone | ~1.2 million native, 200,000 second language, = ~1.4 million total (1989 J. Kaiser) | 237 |
| **Haya** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | ~1.2 million (1991 UBS) | 238 |
| **Serer** | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language of Senegal. Significant communities in Gambia.  | 1.2 million (2002) | 239 |
| **Beja** | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic or isolate | Sudan, Eritrea | 1.2 million (1982 SIL) | 240 |
| **Nyamwezi** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | 1.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 241 |
| **Abron** | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Ghana | 1.2 million (2003) | 242 |
| **Alur** | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 1.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 243 |
| **Sena** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Mozambique, Malawi | 1.2 million, all varieties | 244 |
| **Azande** | Niger-Congo, Ubangian | Congo-Kinshasa, Southern Sudan, Central African Republic | 1.1 million (dated data) | 245 |
| **Walloon** | Indo-European, Romance | Belgium | 1.1 million (1998) | 246 |
| **Anyi** | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana | 1.2 million (1993 SIL) | 247 |
| **Malvi** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.1 million (1997) | 248 |
| **Kinaray-a** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 1.1 million native (2000 census) | 249 |
| **Soninke** | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language in Mali, Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia.  | 1.10 million (1991) | 250 |
| **Ho** | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | India | 1.08 million (1997) | 251 |
| **Estonian** | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic | Official in Estonia | 1.08 million (1989 census) | 252 |
| **Nyakyusa** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania, Malawi | 1.05 million (1992 UBS) | 253 |
| **Gwari** | Niger-Congo, Nupe | Nigeria | 1.05 million (1991 SIL, 2002 SIL) | 254 |
| **Lugbara** | Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, Moru-Madi | Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 1.04 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, 1983 SIL) | 255 |
| **Basque** | Language isolate, Euskadi and Navarre (Spain) and Iparralde (France) | Basque Country | 1.03 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, 1983 SIL) | 256 |
| **Naga** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | India | 1.03 million, all varieties (1997) | 257 |
| **Susu** | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Guinea. Significant communities in Sierra Leone.  | 1.03 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 258 |
| **Tausug** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines Significant communities in Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah)  | 1.02 million native (2000 census) | 259 |
| **Chokwe** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola. Significant communities in Congo-Kinshasa  | 1.01 million (1990 UBS) | 260 |
| **Kabardian** | Caucasic, Circassian | Official in Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria). Significant communities in Karachay-Cherkessia, Turkey  | 1.01 million (1993 UBS, 2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 261 |
| **Ryūkyū** | Japonic, Ryūkyūan | Japan | 1.01 million, all varieties (2000 WCD) | 262 |
| **Magindanaw** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines | 1.0 million native (2000 census), unknown number second language | 263 |
| **Maranao** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines | 1.0 million native (2000 census) | 264 |
| **Ancash Quechua** | Waywash | Official in Peru | 1.0 million speakers | 265 |
| **Welsh** | Indo-European, Celtic, Brythonic | Official in Wales  Also spoken by isolated abaadis in Argentina and England and United States. | 1.0 million speakers | 266 |
| **Songe** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Congo-Kinshasa | ~1 million (1991 WA) | 267 |
| **Rejang** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | ~1 million (1981 Wurm and Hattori) | 268 |
| **Bini** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid | Official in Nigeria | ~1 million (1999 WA) | 269 |
| **Ebira** | Niger-Congo, Nupe | Nigeria | ~1 million (1989 J. Adive) | 270 |
| **Dagaare** | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Ghana. Significant communities in Burkina Faso.  | ~1 million (2003) | 271 |
| **Gujari** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Afghanistan, India, Pakistan | 0.99 million (2000 WCD) | 272 |
| **Tharu** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Nepal | 0.99 million, all varieties | 273 |
| **Venda** | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa | 0.96 million (1996 census) | 274 |
| **Arakanese** | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Myanmar, Bangladesh | 0.95 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 275 |

## 100,000 to 1 million speakers

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | Number of speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Yucatán Maya** | Mayan, Yucatecan, Yucatec-Laca | Mexico, Belize | 705,000 |
| **Ossetic** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Northeastern | Spoken in Russia Official in North Ossetia, South Ossetia), Georgia, Turkey | ~700,000 |
| **Ndonga** | Bantu | Spoken in Namibia, Angola | 690,000 |
| **Kwanyama** | Niger-Congo | Angola, Namibia | 671,000 |
| **Mari** | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Finno-Volgaic | Russia (Official in Mari El) | 600,569 |
| **West Frisian** | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Frisian | Official in Netherlands (Friesland). | 600,000 fluent speakers in 2004 700,000 (Ethnologue 1976) |
| **Avar** | North Caucasian (disputed), Northeast Caucasian, Avar-Andic | Official in Russia's Republic of Dagestan  Also spoken in the rest of Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey  | ~600,000 |
| **Friulian** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian | Italy | ~600,000 |
| **Lozi** | Niger-Congo | Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe | 550,000 |
| **Udmurt** | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Permic | Russia (Official in Udmurtia), Kazakhstan | 550,000 |
| **Kalmyk** | Altaic (controversial), Mongolic, Kalmyk-Oirat | Spoken in Russia (Kalmykia), China, Mongolia | 518,500 |
| **American Sign Language** | Sign Language | No official status, used in USA, Canada and Guatemala. Also used in varying degrees in Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Chad, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Mauritania, Kenya, Madagascar and Zimbabwe. | 100,000 to 500,000 in the USA  |
| **Breton** | Indo-European, Celtic, Brythonic | Native in Brittany, no official status | ≤ 500,000 |
| **Erzya** | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-permic, Finno-Volgaic, Mordvinic | Spoken in Russia | ~500,000 |
| **Maltese** | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South Central | Official in Malta, European Union. Significant communities in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and Gibraltar | ~500,000 |
| **Moksha** | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-permic, Finno-Volgaic, Mordvinic | Russia (Mordovia) | ~500,000 |
| **Zapotec** | Oto-Manguean, Zapotecan | Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla Guerrero) Also spoken in USA | ~500,000 |
| **Fiji Hindi** | Indo-European | Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada | 460,000 |
| **Fijian** | Malayo-Polynesian | Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Other Pacific Islands | 455,000 |
| **Lezgian** | Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic | Spoken in Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan | 450,000 |
| **Hakha-Chin** | Sino-Tibetan | Burma, India, Bangladesh | 446-264 |
| **Limbu** | Sino-Tibetan | official in Nepal, India (Sikkim), significant communities in Bhutan, Assam (India) | 441,633 |
| **Mapudungun** | language isolate | Significant communities in Chile, Argentina | 440,000 (ethnologue) |
| **Dargin** | Caucasian (geographical convention), North (disputed), Northeast | Spoken in Dagestan, Russia | 439,000 |
| **Ingush** | Caucasian *(disputed)*, North *(disputed)*, Northeast, Nakh, Veinakh (Chechen-Ingush) | Spoken in Russia (Ingushetia, Chechnya) | 415,000 |
| **Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl** | Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Huasteca | Mexico | 410,000 |
| **Karachay-Balkar** | Altaic, Turkic, Kypchak, Kypchak-Cuman | Official languages of Russian areas of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia | 400,000 |
| **Buryat** | Altaic, Mongolic, Northern | Mongolia, China, Russia | 400,000 |
| **Western Huasteca Nahuatl** | Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Huasteca | Mexico | 400,000 |
| **Corsican** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian | Native in Corsica. | 100,000-402,000 |
| **Aklanon** | Austronesian, Borneo-Philippines, Central Philippine, Visayan, Western Visayan, Aklan, | Native in the Philippines.  | 394,545 |
| **Dhivehi** / **Mahl** | Indo-Aryan | Official inThe Maldives, Minicoy Island(India). | 379,200 |
| **Samoan** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian (MP), Nuclear MP | Official in Samoa and American Samoa (United States) | 370,337 |
| **Sakha** | Altaic, Turkic, Northern Turkic | Russia | 363,000 |
| **Awngi** | Afro Asiatic, Cushitic, Central | Ethiopica (Agew Awi Zone, Amhara Region) | 356,980 |
| **Irish** | Gaelic, Celtic, Goidelic | Official in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, spoken by communities in the United States, Canada and Australia. | 350,000 |
| **Komi** | Uralic, Permic | Spoken in Russia (Komi Republic, Perm Krai | 350,000 |
| **Mazahua** | Oto-Manguean, Otopamean, Otomian | Mexico | 350,000 |
| **Papiamento** | Portuguese Creole | Official in Netherlands Antilles and Aruba | 329,000 |
| **Pontic Greek** | Indo-European, Greek | Greece, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Turkey | 324,535 |
| **Japanese Sign Language** | Sign Language | no official status | 320,000 signers |
| **Icelandic** | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Iceland. Small community in Gimli, Manitoba, Canada. | 310,000 |
| **Wayuu** | Arawakan, Maipuran, Northern Maipuran, Caribbean | Significant communities in Colombia, Venezuela | 305,000 (ethnologue) |
| **Aromanian**  | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Romance | Greece, Albania, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Macedonia | 300,000-700,000 |
| **Adyghe** | Caucasian (disputed), North Caucasian (disputed), Northwest Caucasian, Circassian | Official in Russia's Republic of Adygea, Significant communities in the rest of Russia, Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Israel, Macedonia, Iraq  | 300,000 |
| **Laz**  | South Caucasian | Turkey, Georgia, Germany, Adjaria, Greece | 300,000-500,000 |
| **Wanka Quechua** | Quechuan | Official in Peru | 300,000 |
| **Luxembourgish** | West Central German group of High German languages | Official in Luxembourg | 300,000 |
| **French Sign Language** | Sign Language | spoken in France, no official status. French Sign Language is related to Dutch Sign Language (NGT), German Sign Language (DGS), Flemish Sign Language (VGT), Belgian-French Sign Language (LSFB) Irish Sign Language (ISL), American Sign Language (ASL), and Quebec Sign Language (LSQ). | 80,000 - 300,000 signers |
| **Kumyk** | Altaic, Turkic, Kypchak, Kypchak-Cuman | Russia Dagestan | 282,000 |
| **Nàmá** | Khoisan, Khoe, Khoekhoe, North Khoekhoe | Official in Namibia.  | 250,000 |
| **Central Huasteca Nahuatl** | Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Aztec | Mexico | 200,000 |
| **Kenyan Sign Language** | Sign Language | Kenya | ~200,000 |
| **Tuvan** | Altaic, Turkic, Northeastern | Mongolia, Russia, China | 200,000 |
| **Miskito** | Misumalpan | Nicaragua, Honduras | 183,400 |
| **Navajo** | Na-Dené, Athabaskan, Southern Athabaskan | Spoken in the USA (Arizona, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico) | 178,000 |
| **Maori**  | Austronesian, Oceanic, Tahitic languages | Official language of New Zealand/Aotearoa | 165,000 fluent speakers (New Zealand Census, 2006. Statistics New Zealand). |
| **Amis** | Austronesian | Taiwan | 137,651 |
| **Ngäbere** | Chibchan, Guaymi | Spoken in Panamá | 133,092 (1990 Panama Census) |
| **Hererro** | Niger-Congo | Namibia, Botswana | 130,000 |
| **Chamula Tzotzil** | Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Tzeltalan | Mexico | 130,000 |
| **Abkhaz** | (North Caucasian, linked closely to Indo-European, or possibly related to Hattic) (all disputed)), Northwest Caucasian, Abkhaz-Abaza | Georgia, Abkhazia, diasporal communities elsewhere | about 125000 |
| **Highland Puebla Nahuatl** | Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Aztec | Mexico | 125,000 |
| **Highland Totonac** | Totonacan, Totonac | Mexico | 120,000 |
| **Lak** | North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Southern Dagestan) | 120,000 |
| **Orizaba Nahuatl** | Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Aztec | Mexico | 120,000 |
| **P'urhépecha** | Language isolate | Mexico Michoacán | ~120,000 |
| **Tahitian** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian (MP), Central-Eastern MP, Eastern MP, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian, Eastern Polynesian, Central E. Polynesian, Tahitic | France (French Polynesia) | 120,000 |
| **Karelian** | Uralic | Russia | 118,000 |
| **Komi-Permyak**  | Uralic | Russia | 116,000 |
| **Pardhan**  | Gondi | No official status, spoken in India | 116,919 |
| **Franco-Provençal** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian (SIL), Oïl (SIL), SoutheasternTemplate:Dn (SIL) | Italy, Switzerland, France | ~113,000 |
| **Tongan** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern Malayo-Polynesian... | Official in Tonga | 105,319 |
| **Bachajón Tzeltal** | Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Tzeltalan | Mexico | 100,000 |
| **Ladino** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Spanish | Israel, Turkey | 109,000 |
| **Gilbertese** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern... | Official in Kiribati | 102,000 |
| **Spanish Sign Language**  | Sign Language | Spain | more than 100,000 signers |
| **Mezquital Otomi**  | Oto-Manguean, Otopamean, Otomian | Mexico, USA | 100,000 |
| **Tabasaran** | Northeast Caucasian, Lezgian | Russia (Southern Dagestan) | 95,905 |
| **Mexican Sign Language** | Sign Language | no official status | 87,000-100,000 signers |
| **Esperanto** | Vocabulary from Romance and Germanic languages; phonology from Slavic languages | International auxiliary language | estimated 100,000 to 2 million fluent speakers |

## 10,000 to 100,000 speakers

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | Number of speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Mara** | Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin(Central) | India- Official in Mara Autonomous District Council  and Chin state, Myanmar | 94,000 |
| **Atayal** | Austronesian | Taiwan | 84,330 |
| **South Estonian** | Uralic | Estonia | 80,000 |
| **Altay** | Altaic, Turkic | Russia, Mongolia, China | 71,600 |
| **Võro** | Uralic, Baltic-Finnic South Estonian | Estonia | 70 000 |
| **Nogai** | Altaic, Turkic | Russia | 67,800 |
| **Faroese** | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Faroe Islands.  | 60,000 - 80,000 |
| **Santiago del Estero Quichua** | Quechuan | Spoken in Argentina | 66,000 (ethnologue) |
| **Paiwan** | Austronesian | Taiwan | 61,000 |
| **Chamorro** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian (MP), Nuclear MP, Sunda-Sulawesi | USA (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) | 60,000+ |
| **Khakas** | Altaic | Russia | ~60,000 |
| **Scottish Gaelic** | Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic | Official in Scotland.  | 58,652 speakers. Although 92,400 people aged three and over in Scotland had some Gaelic language ability in 2001 |
| **Thae Sign Language**  | Sign Language | Thaeland | 56,000 |
| **Ojibwe** | Algonquian | Canada and northern United States | 55,000 |
| **Leonese** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Iberian, Leonese, | Spain and Portugal | 55,000 |
| **Kalaallisut** | Eskimo-Aleut, Inuit | Official in Denmark (Greenland) | 54,000 |
| **Kashubian** | Indo-European, Slavic, West, Pomeranian | Poland | 53,000 |
| **Quebec Sign Language** | Sign Language | Canada (Quebec) | 50,000-60,000 |
| **Cree** | Algonquin | Canada, United States | 50,000 |

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | Number of speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Sanskrit** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | chiefly India, but also Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal; Used in religious practices in  Hinduism. | 49,736 fluent speakers (1991 Indian census) |
| **Western Argentine Guaraní** | Guaranean | Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay | 48,974 (ethnologue) |
| **Eastern Bolivian Guaraní** | Tupi, Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup I | Official in Bolivia, Also spoken in Argentina | 48,974 (ethnologue) |
| **Cook Islands Maori** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian (MP), Central-Eastern MP, Eastern MP, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian, Eastern Polynesian, Central E. Polynesian, Tahitic | New Zealand (Cook Islands) | 42,669 |
| **Ticuna** | Language isolate | Peru, Brazil, Colombia | 40,000 |
| **Meänkieli** | Dialect of Finnish, Baltic-Finnic, Uralic | Sweden | 40,000—70,000 |
| **Aguaruna** | Jivaroan | Official in Peru | 38,290 (2000 WCD) |
| **Bunun** | Austronesian | Taiwan | 38,000 |
| **Romansh**  | Indo-European, Romance |  Official in Switzerland. | 35,000 native |
| **Rutul** | Northeast Caucasian | Russia, Azerbaijan | +30,000 |
| **Ladin** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Rhaetian | Italy | 30,000 |
| **Inuktitut**  | Eskimo-Aleut, Inuit | Official in Canada | ~30,000 |
| **Llanito** | Indo-European, Romance, Germanic, West | Vernacular of Gibraltar. Although widely understood in the surrounding  Campo de Gibraltar area, in Spain. | 30,000 (Ethnologue 2006) |
| **Evenki** | Altaic, Tungusic | Russia, China, Mongolia | 29,000 |
| **Nenets**  | Uralic | Russia | 27,273 |
| **Mbyá Guaraní** | Tupian, Tupí-Guaraní, Guaraní (I) | Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay | 27,000 |
| **Sioux** | Siouan-Catawban, Siouan, Mississippi Valley, Dakotan | USA, Canada | 26,300 |
| **Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz** | Mataco-Guaicuru | Argentina | 25,000 (ethnologue) |
| **Asháninka** | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official language of Peru | 23,750 - 28,500 (2000 SIL) |
| **Huichol** | Uto-Aztecan | Mexico (Nayarit, Zacatecas, Jalisco) | 20,000 |
| **Taba** | Austronesian | Indonesia | 20,000 |
| **Warao** | Warao | Venezuela, Guyana | 18,000 (ethnologue) |
| **Nivaclé** | Mataco-Guaicuru | Paraguay | 18,200 (ethnologue) |
| **Agul** | Northeast Caucasian, Lezgian | Russia, Azerbaijan | 17,373 (1989 Census) |
| **Kaiwá** |  | Brazil | 15,512 (Ethnologue) |
| **Cherokee** | Iroquoian, Southern Iroquoian | USA (Oklahoma) | 15,000-22,000 |
| **Northern Sami** | Uralic | Norway, Finland, Sweden | 15,000—20,000 |
| **Mahl** | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Insular Indo-Aryan | India | 15,000-20,000 |
| **Mirandese** | Indo-European,Italic,Romance,Italo-Western,Gallo-Iberian,Ibero-Romance,West Iberian, Astur-Leonese | Portugal | 15,000 |
| **Tsez** | North Caucasian | Russia | 15,000 |
| **Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay** | Mataco-Guaicuru | Argentina | 15,000 (ethnologue) |
| **!Kung** | Khoisian | Namibia, Angola | 15,000 |
| **Norwegian Sign Language**  | Sign Language | Norway | 4,000-15,000 |
| **Tuamotuan**  | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian... | France (French Polynesia) | 14,400 |
| **South Ucayali Ashéninka** | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official in Peru | 13,000 |
| **Yaghnobi**  | Eastern Iranian | Tajikistan | 12,500 |
| **South African Sign Language**  | Sign Language | South Africa | 12,200 |
| **Pajonal Ashéninka** | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official in Peru | 12,000 |
| **Pichis Ashéninka** | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official in Peru | 12,000 |
| **Khanty** | Uralic | Russia | 12,000 |
| **Chiripá** | Tupi, Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup I | Brazil, Paraguay | 11,500 (ethnologue) |
| **Chayahuita** | Cahuapanan | Official in Peru | 11,384 (2000, WCD) |
| **Tuvaluan** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian, Samoic, Ellicean | Tuvalu, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand | 10,670 |
| **Aragonese** | Indo-European, Romance | Huesca province (Spain). No official status. | 10,000 native, 30,000-50,000 with some knowledge (Dated data) |
| **Central Alaskan Yup'ik** | Eskimo-Aleut | United States (Alaska) | ~10,000 |
| **North Frisian** | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Frisian | Germany (recognized minority language in Nordfriesland) | 10,000 (Ethnologue) |
| **Míkmawísimk** | Eastern Algonquian | Canada and United States | About 10,000 |

## Below 10,000

Template:Split section

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | Number of speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Israeli Sign Language** | Sign Language | Israel | ~10,000 |
| **Shor** | Altaic | Russia | 9,800 |
| **Zuñi** | Isolate | United States (Arizona) Zuñi pueblo | 9,651 |
| **Huambisa** | Jivaroan | Spoken in Peru | 9,333 (2000 WCD) |
| **Lakota** | Siouan-Catawban, Siouan, Mississippi Valley, Dakotan, Sioux | USA | 8,000-9,000 |
| **Chukchi** | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | 7,742 |
| **Huitotot** | Bora-Huitoto, Huitoto-Ocaina | Official in Peru Also spoken in Colombia | 7,378-8,162 (Adelaar, 2004) |
| **Southern Aymara** | Aymaran | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 7,212 (2001 SIL) |
| **Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka**  | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 7,212 |
| **Megleno-Romanian** | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Romance | Greece, Romania, Macedonia | 5,000-12,000 |
| **Veps** | Uralic | Russia | 6,355 |
| **Western Desert Language**  | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 6,103 (Ethnologue) |
| **Flemish Sign Language**  | Sign Language | Belgium (Flanders and Brussels-Capital Region) | 6,000 |
| **Perené Ashéninka** | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official in Peru | 5,500 |
| **Achuar-Shiwiar** | Jivaroan | Official in Peru, Also spoken in Ecuador | 5,000 |
| **Cashibo-Cacataibo** | Panoan | Peru | 5,000 (Ethnologue, 1999) |
| **Finnish Sign Language** | Sign Language | Finland | 5,000 (estimate) |
| **Dolgan** | Altaic | Russia | ~5,000 |
| **Saisiyat** | Austronesian | Taiwan | 4,750 |
| **Rapa Nui (Easter Islander)**  | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern, Oceanic, Central-Eastern, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East, Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian, Eastern Polynesian | Chile (Rapa Nui (Easter Island))  | 4,650 |
| **!Xóõ** | Khoisian | Namibia, Botswana | 4,200 |
| **Ajyíninka Apurucayali**  | Arawakan, Maipuran | Official in Peru | 4,000 |
| **Akhvakh** | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 3,500 |
| **Koryak** | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | 3,019 |
| **Jaqaru** | Aymaran | Official in Peru | 3,009 |
| **Candoshi-Shapra** | Language Isolate | Official in Peru | 3,000 (1991, SIL) |
| **Yague** | Peba-Yaguan | Official in Peru | 3,000-4,000 (*dated*) |
| **Kala Lagaw Ya** | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 3,000-4,000 |
| **Khinalug** | Northeast Caucasian languages | Azerbaijan | 1,500 ~ 4,000 |
| **Ludic**  | Uralic | Russia (Karelia) | 3,000 |
| **Inupiaq** | Aleut | Canada | 3,500 |
| **Mansi** | Uralic | Russia Khantia-Mansia | 3,184 |
| **Carolinian** | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern, Oceanic, Central-Eastern, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Ponapeic-Trukic | United States Official in Northern Mariana Islands | 3,000 |
| **Warlpiri** | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 3,000 |
| **Godoberi** | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 3,000 |
| **Murui Huitoto** | Witotoan, Witoto, Witoto Proper, Minica-Murui | Official in Peru, also spoken in Colombia | 2,900 (SIL, 1995) |
| **Bora**  | Witotan | Official in Peru Also spoken in Colombia  | 2,828 |
| **Saterland Frisian (East Frisian)** | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Frisian | Germany (recognized minority language in Saterland, East Frisia) | 2,250 11,000 (Ethnologue) |
| **Kven**  | Uralic | Norway | 2,000-8,000 |
| **Cashinahua** | Panoan | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 2,000 |
| **Inuinnaqtun** | Aleut | Canada | 2,000 |
| **Lule Sami** | Uralic | Norway, Sweden | 2,000 |
| **Arrernte** | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 1,500 |
| **Manx Gaelic** | Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic | Isle of Man | 1,750 |
| **Minica Huitoto** | Witotoan | Official in Peru, Also spoken in Colombia | 1,705 (2000 WCD) |
| **Selkup** | Uralic | Russia (Yamalia) | 1,570 |
| **Culina**  | Arauan | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 1,303 |
| **Chipaya**  | Uru-Chipaya | Official in Peru | 1,200 |
| **She**  | Hmong-Mien | China | 1,200 |
| **Chickasaw** | Muskogean | United States | 1,000 |
| **Walmajarri** | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 1,000 |

| Language | Family | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the abaadi | Number of speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Ottoman** | Altaic-Turkic | Turkey | 900 |
| **Kildin Sami** | Uralic | Russia (Murmansk Oblast, Karelia) | 500 |
| **Nganasan** | Uralic | Russia (Taymyria) | 500 |
| **Southern Sami** | Uralic | Sweden, Norway | 500 |
| **Inari Sami** | Uralic | Finland | 400 |
| **Skolt Sami** | Uralic | Finland, Russia (Karelia) | 400 |
| **Ingrian** | Uralic | Russia (Ingria) | 300 |
| **Washo** | Hokan | United States (Washoe County, Nevada) | 252 |
| **Comanche** | Uto-Aztecan | United States (Oklahoma) | 200 |
| **Hinukh** | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 200 |
| **Livonian** | Uralic | Latvia (Livonia) | 150 |
| **Tobian**  | Trukic | Palau (In the states of Hatohobei and Sonsorol and in the southern areas of Palau) | ≥100 |
| **Enets** | Uralic | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | 70 |
| **Pitkern (Or Pitcairnese)** | Caribbean Creole | Pitcairn Island (and New Zealand) | ≥70 |
| **Manchu** | Altaic | Northern China (Heilongjian province), Southern Russia | ≥60 |
| **Pite Sami** | Uralic | Sweden, Norway | 20 |
| **Ume Sami** | Uralic | Sweden, Norway | 20 |
| **Votic** | Uralic | Russia | ≥20 |
| **Kayardild** | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | <10 |
| **Ter Sami** | Uralic | Russia (Murmansk Oblast) | 10 |

## Duusra websites

* Ethnologue language name index
* Articles and Information on the Languages of the world Archived 2009-11-29 at the Wayback Machine