# Turkey

| Republic of Turkey الجُمْهُورِيَّة التُّرْكِيَّة |
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| Jhanda | Coat of arms |

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| Des ke jaankari |
| Des ke motto: | **Peace at Home, Peace in the World** (Yurtta Barış, Dünyada Barış) |
| National anthem: | **The Anthem of Independence** (İstiklal Marşı) |
| Log ke baare me |
| Official bhasa: | Turkish |
| Abaadi: |
|   - Total: | 80.810.525 ab. (2017) (ranked 16°) |
|   - Density: | 105 per km² |
| **Jagha** |
| country map Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae. |
| Capital City: | Ankara |
| Sab se barraa City: | Istanbul |
| Area |
|   - Total: | 783,562 km² (ranked 37°) |
|   - Water: | %1.3 km² |
| Politics / Government |
| Established: | - Independence: Turkish War of Independence May 19, 1919  - Formation: Formation of Parliament April 23, 1920  - Declared: Declaration of Republic October 29, 1923 |
| Leader: | President: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| Economy / Money |
| Paisa ke naam: | Turkish Lira (TL) |
| International information |
| Time ke zone: | UTC + 2 *Summer:*+ 3 |
| Telephone ke dialing code: | +90 |
| Internet domain: | .tr |

**Turkey** (الجُمْهُورِيَّة التُّرْكِيَّة *jiske Anatolia bhi bila jaae hai*), jiske sarkari naam, **Republic of Turkiye** hae, Anatolia West Asia me aur southeast Europe ke ek chhotaa hissa, jiske East Thrace bola jaae hae, ke au ek des hai. Iske north me Black Sea hae, east me Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan aur Iran, Irag, Syria aur Mediterranean Sea south me aur Aegean Sea, Greece aur Bulgaria west me hae. Turkey ke puura ilaka 780,000 square kilometres hae aur iske population 85 million hae. Iske jaada log Turks hae aur ethnic minority me sab se jaada Kurds hae. Turkey ke official bhasa Turkish hai. Turkey ke jaada log Muslim hae , lekin ii officially ek secular des hae. Ankara Turkey ke capital aur duusra sab se barraa city hae, jab Istanbul sab se barraa city aur des ke economic aur financial center hae. Aur barraa city hae Izmir, Bursa aur Antalya

Turkey, ek republic hai. Turkey me 81 cities hai. Turkish ke paisa Turkish Lira bola jaawe hai.

Iske capital Ankara hai jon ki Anatolia ke biich me hai lekin iske cultural aur economic center Istanbul.

Turkey me 50,000BC se 15,000BC talak insaan aae ke rahe lage rahin. Ii jagha me dher jaat ke log rahat rahin. Alexander the Great ke conquest ke baad, hian pe Greek sanskriti jarr pakarr liis. 11th century me ii jagha me Seljuk Turks aain aur Turkish saskriti hian pe bhi sael gais. 1243 me Mongol log invade karin aur des chgota-chhota raj me vibhajit hoe gais. 1299 me Ottomans des ke unite kar diin aur iske aur barraa karin. 1453 me Istanbul, Ottoman Empire ke niche hoe gais. Baad me ii dunia ke ek sab se taagatwar des ban gais rahaa. 1789 ke baad Ottoman Empire gire ke suruu karis.

19th aur 20th century me Russia me base Muslim log ke virod me bhed bhaao ke kaaran dher Muslim log Balkans, Caucasus aur Crimea se aae ke abhi ke Turkey me rahe lagin.(Karpat 2001, p. 343) Ottoman Empire, Germany aur Austrua-Hungary ke saathe World War I me larris. Ii samay Turkey me base dher Armenian, Greek aur Assyrian ke maar dewa gias, nai to uu logan ke ghar se nikaal dewa gais rahaa. World War I ke baad Turkey me sultanate khalaas hoe gais aur 29 October 1923 me iske ek Republic banaawa gais.

Modern Turkey ke 1923 me Atatürk suruu karis rahaa. Ise pahile ii Ottoman Empire ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa.

Purana jamana me ii jagah pe dher civilizations rahaa, jaise ki Hittites aur Byzantine Roman Empire.

## Geography

Turkey ke area 783,562 square kilometres (302,535 square miles) hae. Turkey Asia aur Southeartern Europe ke jorre hae. Turkey ke 97% hissa aur 90% abaadi Asia ke side, jiske Anatolia bola jaae hae, me rahe hae. Dunia ke 36 "Biodiversity hotspots" me se 3 Turkey me hae. Ii hae Mediterranean Basin, Irano-Anatolian aur Causasus. 21st century me development aur "climate change" ke kaaran ii biodiversity pe khatraa hae.

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## President ke suchi

| No. | Chhaapa | Naam (janam-maut) | Chuna gais | Presidency ke suruu | Presidency ke ant | Presidency ke lambaai | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) | 1923 1927 1931 1935 | 29 October 1923 | 10 November 1938 | 15 saal, 12 din | Republican Peoples's Party |
| 2 |  | Ismet Inonu (1884-1973) | 1938 1939 1943 1946 | 11 November 1938 | 27 May 1950 | 11 saal 197 din | Republican Peoples's Party |
| 3 |  | Celai Bayar (1883-1986) | 1950 1954 1957 | 27 May 1950 | 27 May 1960 | 10 saal | Democrat Party |
| 4 |  | Cemal Gursel (1895-1966) | 1961 | 10 October 1961 | 2 February 1966 | 4 saal, 115 din | Independent |
| 5 |  | Cevdet Sunay (1899-1982) | 1966 | 28 March 1966 | 28 March 1973 | 7 saal | Independent |
| 6 | no image | Fahri Koruturk (1903-1987 | 1973 | 6 April 1973 | 6 April 1980 | 7 saal | Independent |
| 7 |  | Kenan Evren (1917 -2015) | 9 November 1982 | 9 November 1989 | Example | 7 saal | Independent |
| 8 |  | Turgut Ozal (1927-1993) | 1989 | 9 November 1989 | 17 April 1993 | 3 saal, 159 din | Motherland Party |
| 9 |  | Suleyman Demirel (1924-2015) | 1993 | 16 May 1993 | 16 May 2000 | 7 saal | True Path Party |
| 10 |  | Ahmet Necdet Sezer | 2000 | 16 May 2000 | 28 August 2007 | 7 saal, 104 din | Independent |
| 11 |  | Abdullah Gul (1950-) | 2007 | 28 August 2007 | 28 August 20014 | 7 saal | Justice and Development Party |
| 12 |  | Recep Tayyip Erdogan | 2014 2018 2023 | 28 August 20014 | Incumbent | 10 saal | Justice and Development Party |

## Bahaari jorr

* CIA World Factbook - Turkey Archived 2017-09-20 at the Wayback Machine