Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Atankwaad

**Atankwaad (Terrorism**) ke duuno right-wing aur left-wing organisation practice kare hae. Isme log aapan rajnitic aim ke khatir violence kekaam me laae hae. Ii sabd ke kaam me laawa jaae he jab jab jaan violence le peacetime me kaam me laawa jaawe hae, aur larrai ke time jab civilins ke uppar violence karaa jaawe hae.

Aadhmik atankwaad, rajnitic manzil ke paawe ke khaatir dher tactics ke kaam me laawe hae jisse ki decision le waala log ke influence karaa jaawe sake. Jaada abaadi waala jgha, jaise transportation hubs, airports, shopping centers, tourist attractions, aur nightlife venues ke targer kar ke, atankwaadi log me dar failaae hae jisse saasan ke pariwartan laawe hae jiske atankwadi maange hae.
# Racism

American propaganda against the Japanese during the Second World War
**Racism** ii biswas hae ki koi jaat duusra jaat se achchhaa hae.

This South African sign says that only white people may visit this beach.
# Fascism

Benito Mussolini (left) aur Adolf Hitler (right), dui Fascist neta.
**Fascism** ek "far-right" rakam ke sarkar hae jisme des ke bahut sakti khaali ek saasak (ruler), nai to ek chhota dal, khaali ek party ke niche, rahe hae. Fascism ke niche des ke economy aur samaj ke aur hissa ke sarkar kaabu me rakkhae hae. Sarkar hinsa (violence) aur police ke taagat ke kaam me laae ke log ke dabaae ke rakkhe hae.

Chaar barraa fascist des rahin Italy, Benito Mussolini ke niche, Germany, Adolf Hitler ke niche, Japan, Hideki Tojo ke niche aur Spain, Francisco Franco ke niche.

Mussolini, fascism ke 1910s me Italy me suruu karis rahaa aur 1930s talak ii puura laabu hoe gais rahaa. Uu 1922 me Italy ke neta banaa aur mid-1920s talak puura dictator ban gais rahaa, aur sab parrty ke band kar ke aur election ke dhang ke badal ke ki uske Fascist Party ke sab se jaada seat milii.
# Rastryawaad

En rastryawaad art
**Rastryawaad (Nationalism)** ek rakam ke bichar hae jisme ii socha jaawe hae ki sab log apne pe raj kare sake hae. Isme ii bhi biswas karaa jaae hae ki ek ek des ke ekke identity hae jon ki sanskriti, rahe ke jagha, bhasa nai to dharam ke uppar nirbhar hae aur ii bhi biswas kare hae ki sab ke ekke itihaas hae.
# Muslim

Muslim
**Muslim** Islam mein biswas rakhne walon ko kaha jaye haen. Ii log biswas rakhta hae ke Allah ke ilawa koi bhagwaan nai hae. Ii log Muhammad (peace be upon him) ke aakhri prophet manta hae aur Qur'an ke Allah ki book manta hae. Ii log farishton, taqdeer aur marne ke baad uthne par bhi yaqeen rakhe hae.
# Michigan

**Michigan**, United States ke ek state hae. Iske capital city Lansing hae aur sab se barraa city Detroit hae. Ii 1837 me ek state banaa. Michigan ke jagha 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²) hae, jiske matlab ii hae ki ii America ke 11th sab se barraa state hae. Iske abaadi 9,883,640 hae.
# City

The medieval city of Siena with its town square and magnificent town hall. A modern suburb can be seen in the background.
Ek **city** (**shahar**, **nagar**) uu jagah hae jahan pe dher jane saathe rahe hae. Ek city me dher building aur street rahe hae. Bahut log city me rahe hae kahe ki huan pe bahut chij khoje aur kare ke sahaj rahe hae. Ek city me jaada kar ke ek "city center" rahe hae jahan pe government aur business rahe hae, aur jagah jiske suburb bola jaae hae jahaan pe log rahe hae.

## Kon jagah ke city bola jaae hae?

Hobart is a small city in Australia.
Dunia bhar me koi niyam nai hae jisse ek jagah ke city bolaa jaae hae.

Kuch chij jon ki city ke anae hae:

* Ek lamba itihaas.
* Ek barrraa population. Bahut jagah pe ek town jiske population 10,000 se jaada hae ke city bolaa jaae hae.
* Ek jagah jahaan pe business aur local government hae.
* Kabhi ek jagah ke khaas adhikaar de ke city banawa jaae hae.
* Jhaan pe ek church nai to university rahe hae.

## Itihaas

Carcassonne is an ancient city in France.
New York City is famous for its tall buildings called "skyscrapers".
In Rio de Janeiro, a city famous for its beauty, large slums lie between the richest districts.
Jaise admii log civilize hoi gain uu logan city me rahe lagin. Kuch famous city jon ki abhi nai hae ke naam hae: Babylon, Troy, Mycenae aur Mohenjo Daro.

Benares north India me ek purana city hae jon ki 3000 saalo se bhi purana hae. AUr city jon ki bahut purana hae ke naam hae: Greece me Athens, Italy me Rome aur Volterra, Egypt me Alexandria aur England me York.

Europe me, Middle Ages me, city ke hoye se special privilege raha, jon khali nobility ke milat raha. Cities jon ee category me fall hoye hae, ulog ke city walls rahat raha(koi koi ke ab bhi bhi hae). Jon log u sab wall cities me rahat rahin unke jada sunwai raha. Purana cities jinke abhi bhi walls hae: Carcassonne, France me, Toledo, Spain me aur Canterbury, England me.

## Dunia ke sab se barraa city

Warsaw, Poland
Dunia me abhi 21 city hae jiske population 10 million se jaada hae:

* Tokyo, Japan - 28 million
* Mexico City, Mexico - 18 million
* Mumbai, India - 18 million
* São Paulo, Brazil - 18 million
* New York City, USA - 17 million
* İstanbul, Turkey - 15 million
* Shangai, China - 14 million
* Lagos, Nigeria - 13 million
* Los Angeles, USA - 13 million
* Calcutta, India - 13 million
* Buenos Aires, Argentina - 12 million
* Seoul, South Korea - 12 million
* Beijing, China - 12 million
* Karachi, Pakistan - 12 million
* Delhi, India - 11 million
* Dhaka, Bangladesh - 11 million
* Manila, Philippines - 11 million
* Cairo, Egypt - 11 million
* Osaka, Japan - 11 million
* Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 11 million
* Tianjin, China - 10 million
* Moscow, Russia - 10 million
* Lahore, Pakistan - 10 million
# Bichardhara

Antoine Destutt de Tracy ideology sabd ke banais rahaa
Ek **bichardhara** (English bhasa me: ideology) kuchh biswas hae jisme ek group ke log biswas kare hae.
# Prajatantr

Ek **Prajatantr**  (English bhasa: democracy, Greek bhasa, *demokratia*) jiske matlab *janata ke raj* hae, ek sakam ke sarkar hae. Prajatantr me janta aapan sarkar ke apne se chune hae.
# Rajnitik dal

India ke Congress Party ke members
Ek **Rajnetic dal (political party)** ek organized group of voters hae. Ii logan election me aapam bagal se log ke kharraa kare hae. Rajnetic dal ke member log ke jaada kar ke ek rakam ke bichaar rahe hae.

Lagbhag sab des me raaj kare waala log koi rajnetic dal ke member rahe hae. Jab ki kuchh des me rajnetic dal nai rahae hae, ii bahut kamtii hae. Jaada des me dher rajnetic dal rahe hae aur kuchh des me khaali ek rajnetic dal rahe hae. Rajnetic dal duuno tanasahi (autocracies) aur udaarwaad (democracies) me rahe hae, lekin udaarwaad me tanasahi se dher rajnetic dal rahe hae. Tanasahi sarkar me jaada kar ke ek rajnetic dal rahe hae jon des pe raj kare hae, lekin rajnetic vigyanil log ii biswas kare hae ki udaarwaad ke khaatir dher rajnetic dal ke rahna jaruri hae.

Rajnetic dal, samaj me rahe waala vibhajan se bane sake hae, jaise dhani log ke dal aur garib log ke dal, nai to majuur ke dal aur business ke dal. Rajnetic dal me ek neta rahe hae, jiske dal ke kaam ke khaas jimedaari rahe hae, dal ke executives jon dal ke chalae aur organise kare ke neta ke madat kare hae aur kabhi-kabhi neta ke chube hae, aur members jon bina talab ke dal ke madat kare hae, dal ke paisa daan kare hae, nai to chanda (donation) batore me madat kare hae, aur chunao me dal ke member ke vote kare hae.

Dher rajnetic dal vichaardhaara (ideology) se prerit (motivated) hae. Dher democratic des me chunao ke time, liberal, conservative aur socialist dal rahe hae. Aur khaas vichaardhaara hae, communism, populism, nationalism air Islamism. Alag-alag des ke rajnetic dal ekke rakam ke rang aur chinh ke kaam e laae hae, jaise communist party le laal rang.

## Itihaas

Rajnetic dal ke bichaar puraana jamaana se hae. Plato, puraana Athens ke rajnetic gut (factions) ke baare me likhis hae aur Aristotle ii bahas karis hae ki rajniti me alag-alag rakam ke sarkar me alag-alag rakam ke gut rahe hae. Kuchh puraana vivaad gut ke uppar aadhaarit rahaa, jaise Constatinople me ek riot dui chiot racing gut ke biich me. Kuch likha gais dal jon itihaas me rahaa me hae; "Populare" aur "Optimates", Roman republic me, O|"Orangists" aur "Stattsgezinde", Holland me. Abhi ke jamaa ke rajnetik dal ke suruwaat United Kingdom ke Conservative Party aur America ke Democratic Party se suruu bhais rahaa.

Barraa-barra rajnetic dal ke bane se pahile , elections me kamti competition rahaa aur iske jaada kar ke pahile se rahe waala clique aur network dominate karat rahis. Template:Rp

### 18th century

In *A Block for the Wigs* (1783), James Gillray caricatured Fox's return to power in a coalition with North. George III is the blockhead in the centre.
# State

Rajniti me**State**, ek des ke sarkar hae, jon ki ek jagha ke uppar control rakkhe hae. States ke tiin feature rahe hae:

* Ek jagha ke bhumi ke uppar control
* Jon log stste me rahe hae
* Sarkar ke hissa jon ki kaanun banae sake hae, jaise ki Parliament.

Dher rakam ke stste rahe hae, jaise ki republic aur monarchy