# Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

| Western Philosophy 19th-century philosophy |
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G.W.F. Hegel |
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Name |
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
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Birth |
27 August 1770 Stuttgart, Germany |
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Death
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November 14, 1831 (aged 61) Berlin, Germany
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School/tradition |
German Idealism; Founder of Hegelianism |
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Main interests
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Logic, Philosophy of history, Aesthetics, Religion, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Political Philosophy,
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Notable ideas
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Absolute idealism, Dialectic, Sublation, master-slave dialectic
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Influences
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Aristotle, Heraclitus, Anselm, Descartes, Goethe, Spinoza, Rousseau, Böhme, Kant, Fichte, Hölderlin, Schelling
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Influenced
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Adorno, Bakunin, Barth, Bataille, Bauer, Bookchin, Bradley, Brandom, Breton, Croce, Danto, Deleuze, Derrida, Dewey, Dilthey, Emerson, Engels, Feuerbach, Fukuyama, Gadamer, Gentile, Green, Habermas, Heidegger, Ilyenkov, Kierkegaard, Kojève, Koyré, Küng, Lacan, Lenin, Lukács, Marcuse, Marx, Moltmann, O'Donoghue, Sartre, Stirner, Charles Taylor, Žižek
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**Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel** (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) ek German philosopher the, jiske janam Stuttgart, Württemberg, Germany me hua tha. Uu Hegelianism ke suruu karis rahaa jon ki German Idealism ke hissa hae. Uske asar dher sare writer aur philosopher ke uppar parra rahaa, jisme (Bradley, Sartre, Küng, Bauer, Stirner, Marx) jon usse agree karat rahin, aur (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Schelling) jon ki usse agree nai karat rahin. Hegel history, politics, religion, art, logic aur metaphysics ke baare me book likhis rahaa.

## Jindagi

### Jawani ke din

#### Bachpan

Hegel ke janam 27 August 1770 me Stuttgart, Duchy Württemberg, Germany ke south east me bhais rahaa. Uske Georg Wilhelm Friedrich naam ddewa gais rahaa, lekin uske palwaar ke log uske Wilhelm ke naam se jaanat rahin. Uske pitaji, Georg Ludwig, ek *Rentkammersekretär* (secretary to the revenue office), Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg ke court me rahaa. Hegel ke maiya, Maria Magdalena Louisa (*née* Fromm), ek high court judge ke larrki rahii. Jan Hengel 11 saal ke rahaa, tab uske maiya ke maut "bilious fever" (*Gallenfieber*) se hoe gais. Hegel uar uske putaji ke bhi ii bimari parkkris lkin duuno bach gain. . Hegel ke ek bahini, Christiane Luise (1773–1832), aur ek bhaiya, Georg Ludwig (1776–1812) rahaa, jon ki Napoleon ke Russian campaign of 1812 me marr gais rahaa.

Tiin saal ke umar me , Hegel ek "German School" gais. Paanch saal ke umar me jab uu "Latin School" gais tab first declension jaanat rahaa, jiske uu aapan maiya se sikhis rahaa.

1776 me Hegel Stuttgart ke *Gymnasium Illustre* me bharti bhais. Aapan jawani me Hegel dher book parhat rahaa, aur isme se dher chij aapan diary me copy karat rahaa.

Ii biswas karaa jaawe hae ki Hegel, Schelling, aur Hölderlin ek room ke share kare rahin second floor me, entrance doorway ke uppar, jab uu logan ii institute – (a Protestant seminary called "the Tübinger Stift") me parrhat rahin.
Atthaarah saal ke umar me,, Hegel Tübinger Stift, ek Protestant seminary attached to the University of Tübingen me bharti bhais rahaa, jahaan pe uske roommates, kavi aur philosopher Friedrich Hölderlin aur hoe waalae philosopher Friedrich Schelling rahaa. Uulog seminary ke restrictive environment se khusi nai rahin, tiino achchhaa dost ban gay rahin aur ek duusre ke idea ke influence kare rahin. (Ii jaada likely hae ki Hegel Stift attend karis rahaakaaheki ii state-funded rahaa, aur uske "a profound distaste for the study of orthodox theology" rahaa aur uu kabhi bhi minister nai bane maangat rahaa.) Tiino Hellenic civilization ke admire karat rahin, aur Hegel steeped himself in Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Lessing during this time. Uulog French Revolution ke hote dekhe rahin, bahut khusi se. Jab violence of the 1793 Reign of Terror Hegel ke hopes ke dampen kar diis, uu moderate Girondin faction ke samarthan karte rahaa aapan commitment to the principles of 1789 ke kabhi nai chhorris rahaa, jiske uu express karis rahaa ek toast to the storming of the Bastille har ek fourteenth of July me. Schelling anur Hölderlin apne ke theoretical debates on Kantian philosophy me duboe de rahin, jisme se Hegel duur rahaa. Ii time Hegel, aapan future ke ek*Popularphilosoph* (a "man of letters") samjhat rahaa jon serve kare hae jisse ki abstruse ideas of philosophers ke sadhaaran log talak pajunchaawa jaawe sake hae.

Kavi Friedrich Hölderlin, Hegel ke ek nachdiik ke ke dost aur roommates Tübinger Stift me rahaa.
Theological certificate ke Tübingen Seminary se paawe ke baad, Hegel *Hofmeister* (house tutor) ek aristocratic palwaar ke Berne (1793–1796) me ban gais rahaa.

* Theodor W. Adorno, 1994. *Hegel: Three Studies*. MIT Press. Translated by Shierry M. Nicholsen, with an introduction by Nicholsen and Jeremy J. Shapiro, ISBN 0-262-51080-4. Essays on Hegel's concept of spirit/mind, Hegel's concept of experience, and why Hegel is difficult to read.
* Avineri, Shlomo, 1974. *Hegel's Theory of the Modern State*. Cambridge University Press. Best introduction to Hegel's political philosophy.
* Frederick C. Beiser, ed., 1993. *The Cambridge Companion to Hegel*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38711-6. The Cambridge Companions are a good way to start learning about a particular philosopher; this one is no exception.

## Duusra websites

* The new HegelWiki
* A superior biography of Hegel with graphics
* Hegel.net - resources available under the GNU FDL
* Hegel.net - wiki article on Hegel
* Alicia Farinati - Hegelian Works Archived 2013-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Several articles on Hegel. Available in English, Spanish and French
* Commented link list
* Hegel mailing lists in the internet
* Explanation of Hegel, mostly in German
* Discussion of the Hegelian tradition, including the Left and Right schism Archived 2005-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
* The Hegel Society of America
* Hegel in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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* Hegel page in 'The History Guide'
* Is Hegel a Christian?
* Rethinking the Place of Philosophy with Hegel - Call for Papers for Cosmos and History Archived 2008-04-14 at the Wayback Machine

Template:Wikisource author

### Hegel ke text online

* Philosophy of History Introduction
* Hegel's The Philosophy of Right
* Hegel's The Philosophy of History
* Hegel by HyperText reference archive