# Chandarma

Chandarma| Chandarma ke ngiich waala side, lunar north pole uppar hae |
| Designations |
| Designation | Earth I |
| Alternative names | * Luna
* Selene (poetic)
* Cynthia (poetic)
 |
| Adjectives | * Lunar
* Selenian (poetic)
* Cynthian (poetic)
* Moonly (poetic)
 |
| Symbol |  or  |
| Orbital characteristics |
| Epoch J2000 |
| Perigee | 362600 km (356400–370400 km) |
| Apogee | 405400 km (404000–406700 km) |
| Semi-major axis | 384399 km  (1.28 ls, 0.00257 AU) |
| Eccentricity | 0.0549 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 27.321661 d (27 d 7 h 43 min 11.5 s) |
| Orbital period (synodic) | 29.530589 d (29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s) |
| Average orbital speed | 1.022 km/s |
| Inclination | 5.145° to the ecliptic |
| Longitude of ascending node | Regressing by one revolution in 18.61 years |
| Argument of perigee | Progressing by one revolution in 8.85 years |
| Satellite of | Earth |
| Physical characteristics |
| Mean radius | 1737.4 km   (0.2727 of Earth's) |
| Equatorial radius | 1738.1 km   (0.2725 of Earth's) |
| Polar radius | 1736.0 km   (0.2731 of Earth's) |
| Flattening | 0.0012 |
| Circumference | 10921 km  (equatorial) |
| Surface area | 3.793×107 km2   (0.074 of Earth's) |
| Volume | 2.1958×1010 km3   (0.02 of Earth's) |
| Mass | 7.346×1022 kg   (0.0123 of Earth's) |
| Mean density | 3.344 g/cm3 0.606 × Earth |
| Surface gravity | 1.622 m/s2 (5.32 ft/s2)0.1654 *g*0 |
| Moment of inertia factor | 0.3929±0.0009 |
| Escape velocity | 2.38 km/s (8600 km/h; 5300 mph) |
| Synodic rotation period | 29.530589 d (29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s; synodic; solar day) (spin-orbit locked) |
| Sidereal rotation period | 27.321661 d  (spin-orbit locked) |
| Equatorial rotation velocity | 4.627 m/s |
| Axial tilt | * 1.5424° to ecliptic
* 6.687° to orbit plane
* 24° to Earth's equator
 |
| North pole right ascension | * 266.86°
 |
| North pole declination | 65.64° |
| Albedo | 0.136 |
|

| Surface temp. | min | mean | max |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Equator | 100 K | 250 K | 390 K |
| 85°N  |  | 150 K | 230 K |

 |
| Surface absorbed dose rate | 13.2 μGy/h (during lunar daytime) |
| Surface equivalent dose rate | 57.0 μSv/h (during lunar daytime) |
| Apparent magnitude | * −2.5 to −12.9(mean full moon)
 |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 0.2 |
| Angular diameter | 29.3 to 34.1 arcminutes |
| Atmosphere |
| Surface pressure | * 10−7 Pa (1 picobar)  (day)
* 10−10 Pa (1 femtobar)    (night)
 |
| Composition by volume | * He
* Ar
* Ne
* Na
* K
* H
* Rn
 |
|  |

**Chandarma** (pratiik: ) uu chij hae jon ki dunia ke parkramaa kare hae. Ii 28 se 29 din me dunia ke ek dafe parikrama kare hae. Ii dunia se, average me, 384,000 km (238,900 mi) duur hae.

Iske wajan, agar dunia se copare karaa jaae, khaali dunia ke 1,2% hae. Iske diameter 3,474 km (2,159km) hae, jon dunia ke quarter hae. Ii saur mandal ke paanshwaa sab se barraa chandarma hae. Iske surface ke gravity dunia se compare haali one-sixth hae, aur Mars se compare, khaali aadha hae aur solar sustem ke cjandarma me se duusra sthan me hae ( Jupiter ke lo chandarma ke baad. Chandarma me koi hydrosphere, atmosphere aur magnetic field nai hae. Ii 4.51 saal pahile banaa rahaa.

Chandarma ke surface me me lunar dust hae aur isme dher pahaarr, crater hae. Chandarma me sab time ghaam rahe, uu time ke chhorr ke jab lunar eclipse rahe hae.

## Chandarma ke banaawat

Saur mandal (solar system) ke bane ke 50 million saal baad chandarma banaa rahaa.

## Chand ke Albedo aur Asli Rang

Chand ka dikhaawa uske paravartan gun aur satah ke banawat par depend karta hai. Chand ka albedo lagbhag 0.12 hai, jo purana asphalt ke barabar hai. Isliye, raat ke aasman mein yeh chamakdaar lagta hai, lekin asal mein yeh kaafi andhera hai. Yeh kam albedo Chand ke regolith ke wajah se hai, jo patle pathar ke tukdon ki ek parat hai, jo meteorite ke takkar se bani hai. Regolith mein roshni ka bikherna "opposition surge" ka phenomenon produce karta hai, jisse Chand poornima mein quarter phase ke mukable bahut zyada chamakdaar dikhta hai.

Chand ka asli rang, bina atmosphere ke effect ke, halki bhoora-sirala hai. Yeh regolith mein silicate mineral ke wajah se hai, jisme darker basaltic plains (maria) aur lighter feldspar-rich highlands hain. Maria, jo purane volcanic flow se bani hain, unmein zyada iron aur titanium hota hai, jisse unka rang darker lagta hai. Prithvi se dekha jaye to Chand ka rang atmosphere ke wajah se badal sakta hai, jaise lunar eclipse mein yeh lal dikh sakta hai ya kabhi kabhi volcanic particles ke wajah se neela bhi dikh sakta hai.

Chand retro-reflection bhi dikhata hai, jo roshni ko uske source ki taraf wapas bhejta hai aur disc ke upar uniform brightness create karta hai, bina kisi significant limb darkening ke. Uska apparent size aur brightness uske elliptical orbit ke wajah se vary karta hai, perigee par yeh apogee ke mukable 30% zyada chamakdaar aur 14% bada dikh sakta hai, is phenomenon ko "Supermoon" kaha jata hai.

Kabhi kabhi Chand lal ya neela dikh sakta hai. Lunar eclipse ke dauran yeh lal dikhta hai, kyunki surya ki lal spectrum ki roshni Chand par Prithvi ke atmosphere se refract hoti hai. Is lal rang ke wajah se lunar eclipses ko kabhi kabhi blood moon bhi kaha jata hai. Chand low angle par aur thick atmosphere ke through bhi lal dikh sakta hai.

Chand neela bhi dikh sakta hai, agar hawa mein kuch certain particles maujood hain, jaise volcanic particles, in case ise blue moon kaha jata hai.

Kyonki "red moon" aur "blue moon" shabd kabhi kabhi saal ke specific full moon ke liye bhi use hote hain, yeh hamesha red ya blue moonlight ke present hone ko indicate nahi karte.

## Duusra Websites

* The Dark Side of the Moon Archived 2011-05-20 at the Wayback Machine