# Sukhrgrah

Sukhrgrah| Venus ke sahi rang, jiske *MESSENGER* utaris hae. Ek baadall ke layer sab time surface ke uppar rahe hae. |
| Designations |
| Named after | Roman ke pyaar ke bhagwaan |
| Adjectives | Venusian /vɪˈnjuːziən, -ʒən/, kabhi-kabhi Cytherean/sɪθəˈriːən/ or Venerean / Venerian /vɪˈnɪəriən/
 |
| Symbol |  |
| Orbital characteristics |
| Epoch J2000 |
| Aphelion | 0.728213 AU (108.94 million km) |
| Perihelion | 0.718440 AU (107.48 million km) |
| Semi-major axis | 0.723332 AU (108.21 million km) |
| Eccentricity | 0.006772 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | * 224.701 d
* 0.615198 yr
* 1.92 Venus solar day
 |
| Orbital period (synodic) | 583.92 days |
| Average orbital speed | 35.02 km/s |
| Mean anomaly | 50.115° |
| Inclination | * 3.39458° to ecliptic
* 3.86° to Sun's equator
* 2.15° to invariable plane
 |
| Longitude of ascending node | 76.680° |
| Argument of perihelion | 54.884° |
| Satellites | None |
| Physical characteristics |
| Mean radius | * 6,051.8±1.0 km
* 0.9499 Earths
 |
| Flattening | 0 |
| Surface area | * 4.6023×108 km2
* 0.902 Earths
 |
| Volume | * 9.2843×1011 km3
* 0.857 Earths
 |
| Mass | * 4.8675×1024 kg
* 0.815 Earths
 |
| Mean density | 5.243 g/cm3 |
| Surface gravity | 8.87 m/s2 (0.904 *g*0) |
| Escape velocity | 10.36 km/s (6.44 mi/s) |
| Synodic rotation period | −116.75 d (retrograde)
 1 Venus solar day |
| Sidereal rotation period | −243.0226 d (retrograde) |
| Equatorial rotation velocity | 1.81 m/s |
| Axial tilt | 2.64° (for retrograde rotation) 177.36° (to orbit) |
| North pole right ascension | * 18h 11m 2s
* 272.76°
 |
| North pole declination | 67.16° |
| Albedo | * 0.689 (geometric)
* 0.76 (Bond)
 |
| Temperature | 232 K (−41 °C) (blackbody temperature) |
|

| Surface temp. | min | mean | max |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kelvin |  | 737 K |  |
| Celsius |  | 464 °C |  |
| Fahrenheit |  | 867 °F |  |

 |
| Surface absorbed dose rate | 2.1×10−6 μGy/h |
| Surface equivalent dose rate | 2.2×10−6 μSv/h 0.092–22 μSv/h at cloud level |
| Apparent magnitude | −4.92 to −2.98 |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | −4.4 |
| Angular diameter | 9.7″–66.0″ |
|  |

**Sukhrgrah** (pratiik: ) Saur Mandal (Solar System) me suraj se duur duusra planet hae. Iske dunia ke "twin", nai to "sister" planet bhi bola jaae hae, kaaheki ii size aur mass me lagbhag dunia ke baraabar hae. Jab ki duuno patthar ke banaa hae, Venus ke atmosphere dunia se jaada dense hae. Iske atmosphere me jaada kar ke carbon dioxide hae, isme sulfuric acid ke baadal hae aur koi liquid paani nai hae. Iske surface pe temperature 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F) talak chal de hae aur iske pressure, dunia se 92 dafe jaada hae.
Venus aasmaan me tiisra sab se jaaada bright chij hae, chandarma aur suraj ke baad, aur Budhgrah (Mercury) ke rakam suraj ke nagiich dekhae hae, jiske kaaran iske "subha ka taara" aur "sanjha ke taara]] bola jaae hae. Venus ke koi chandarma nai hae.
Venus ke ek din, 116.74 dunia ke din ke baraabar hae aur iske saal 224.7 dunia ke din ke baraabar hae.

Venus ke magnetic field kamjor hae. Venus ke bhitta ek "core" hae, isme "crust" hae aur bhittar ke garmi jwala mukhi se nikle hae , jiske kaaran iske surface uppar niche jaae hae aur dunia ke rakam plate tectonics nai hae. Venus me saail pahile liquid paani rahaa hoi., lekin ek "greenhouse effect" ke kaaran ii evaporate hoe gais rahaa. Iske baadal ke layer me saait jiu hoe sake hae.

Insaan ke itihaas me, sab time, dunia ke sab log ke sankriti me mythology, astrology aur fiction me Venus khaas jagha rakkhis rahaa. Ii planet ke sahaj se dekhae ke kaaran astronomy ke aage barrhe me madat mila rahaa. 1621 me Venus ke pahila dafe telescope se dekha gais rahaa. 1961 me pahila spacecraft, Venera 1, Venus gais. 1962 me Marina 2, Venus jaae ke huan se kuchh jaankari bhejis. 1967 me Venera 4 pahila dafe Venus ke atmosphere me ghusis rahaa. 1970 me Venera 7 pahila spacecraft rahaa jon khaali Venus me nai, lekin aur koi planet me land karis. Venus ke adhyan se dunia me greenhouse effect, global warming aur climate change ke baare me jaankari mila. 2025 talak Solar Orbiter ekke probe hae jon Venus ke flybys 2030 talak karii. 2026 me ek aur proble Venus me jiu khoje ke khaarir jaai.

## Physical characteristics

Suraj ke sab se nagiich chaar planet ke uske orbit ke order me dekhaawa jaae hae. Left se hae: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars aur Ceres)
Venus, saur mandal ke chaar four terrestrial planets, jiske matlab hae ki ii sab patthar ke banaa hae, me se ek hae. Iske size aur mass dunia ke rakam hae aur ii kaaran se iske dunia ke "sister" , nai to "twin" bola jaae hae. Kaaheki Venus bahut dhire se ghume hae, ii lagbhag puura golaa hae. Iske diameter, jon 12,103.6 km (7,520.8 mi) se 638.4 km (396.7 mi) talak hae, dunia ke diameter se kamti hae aur iske mass, dunia ke mass ke 81.5% hae, jiske kaaran ii saur mandal ke tiisra sab se chhotaa grah hae. Venus ke mausam dunia se bahur different hae, kaaheki Venus ke atmosphere jon kaafi garrhu hae me 96.5% carbon dioxide hae, jon greenhouse effect ke kaaran hae, aur baaki 3.5% nitrogen hae. Venus ke surface pressure 9.3 megapascals (93 bars) hae, aur average surface temperature 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F) hae.

## Duusra websites

* Nine Planets: Venus
* The Planet Venus
* Images of Venus
* Venus

Archived 2011-05-20 at the Wayback Machine