# प्राचीन यूनानी भार एवं मापन

**प्राचीन यूनानी भार एवं मापन प्रणाली** मुख्यतः मिस्री पर आधारित थी। यही बाद की रोमन प्रणाली का आधार बनी.

## लम्बाई

Units derived from the **dactylos** (plural: **dactyloi**):

| Unit | Greek name | Equivalent | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| dactylos | δάκτυλος |  | finger breadth |
| condylos | κόνδυλος | 2 dactyloi | middle joint of finger |
| palaiste or doron | παλαιστή,δῶρον | 4 dactyloi | palm |
| dichas or hemipodion | διχάς,ἡμιπόδιον | 8 dactyloi | half foot |
| lichas | λιχάς | 10 dactyloi | span of thumb |
| orthodoron | ὀρθόδωρον | 11 dactyloi |  |
| spithame | σπιθαμή | 12 dactyloi | span of all fingers |
| pous | ποῦς | 16 dactyloi | foot; Attic foot ≈ 296 mm |
| pygme | πυγμή | 18 dactyloi | elbow to base of fingers |
| pygon | πυγών | 20 dactyloi |  |
| pechys | πῆχυς | 24 dactyloi | cubit |
| pechys basileios | πῆχυς βασιλήιος | 27 dactyloi | royal cubit |

Larger units derived from the **pous** (plural: **podes**):

| Unit | Greek name | Equivalent | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| pous | ποῦς | 16 dactyloi | foot; Attic foot ≈ 296 mm |
| aploun bema | ἀπλοῦν βῆμα | 2.5 podes | single pace |
| diploun bema | διπλοῦν βῆμα | 5 podes | double pace |
| orgyia | ὀργυιά | 6 podes | fathom or stretch of both arms |
| akaina | ἄκαινα | 10 podes |  |
| plethron | πλέθρον | 100 podes | breadth of Greek acre |
| stadion | στάδιον | 600 podes | Attic stadion ≈ 177,6 m |

| Unit | Greek name | Equivalent | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| stadion | στάδιον | 600 podes | Attic stadion ≈ 177,6 m |
| diaulos | δίαυλος | 2 stadia |  |
| hippikon | ἱππικόν | 4 stadia |  |
| dolichos | δόλιχος | 12 stadia |  |
| parasang | παρασάγγες | 30 stadia | adopted from Persia |
| schoinos | σχοινός | 40 stadia | adopted from Egypt |

## क्षेत्रफ़ल

## आयतन

 :

Neck amphora depicting an athlete running the hoplitodromos by the Berlin Painter, ca. 480 BC, Louvre. The average wine amphora had a capacity of about 40L.
**Dry Measure**

| Unit | Greek name | Equivalent | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| cotyla | κοτύλη |  | approx a cup |
| choenix | χοῖνιξ | 4 cotylae | approx 1 man's daily grain ration |
| hecteus | ἑκτεύς | 8 choenices |  |
| medimnos | μέδιμνος | 6 hecteis |  |

**Liquid Measure**

| Unit | Greek name | Equivalent | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| cotyla | κοτύλη |  | approx a cup |
| hemichous | ἡμίχουν | 6 cotylae |  |
| chous | χοῦς | 12 cotylae |  |
| metretes | μετρητής | 144 cotylae | approx 1 amphora wine |

## मुद्रा

The basic unit of Athenian currency was the **obol**:

An obol, Attica, Athens. After 449 BC

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unit | Greek name | Equivalent |
| obol or obolus | ὀβολός |  |
| drachma | δραχμή | 6 obols |
| mina | μνᾶ | 100 drachmae |
| talent | τάλαντον | 60 minae |

## भार

:

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unit | Greek name | Equivalent | Attic/Euboic Standard | Aeginetic Standard |
| obol or obolus | ὀβολός |  | 0.72g | 1.05g |
| drachma | δραχμή | 6 obols | 4.31g | 6.3g |
| mina | μνᾶ | 100 drachmae | 431g | 630g |
| talent | τάλαντον | 60 minae | 25.86 kg | 37.8 kg |

## समय

| Month | Greek name | Gregorian equivalent |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hekatombaeon | Ἐκατομβαιών | June-July |
| Metageitnion | Μεταγειτνιών | July-Aug |
| Boedromion | Βοηδρομιών | Aug-Sept |
| Puanepsion | Πυανεψιών | Sept-Oct |
| Maimakteron | Μαιμακτηριών | Oct-Nov |
| Poseideon | Ποσειδεών | Nov-Dec |
| Gamelion | Γαμηλιών | Dec-Jan |
| Anthesterion | Ἀνθεστηριών | Jan-Feb |
| Elaphebolion | Ἐλαφηβολιών | Feb-March |
| Mounichion | Μουνυχιών | March-April |
| Thargelion | Θαργηλιών | April-May |
| Skirophorion | Σκιροφοριών | May-June |

## सन्दर्भ

## देखें

* मापन प्रणालियाँ
* अप्रचलित मापन इकाइयाँ

## बाहरी कड़ियाँ

* "History 310: Greek Coinage and Measures". *History/Classics 310*. मूल से से 4 मई 2015 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 3 जुलाई 2008. `{{cite web}}`: Unknown parameter `|accessmonthday=` ignored (help); Unknown parameter `|accessyear=` ignored (`|access-date=` suggested) (help)
* Porter, John. "Greek and Roman Weights, Measures and Currency". 6 अगस्त 2007 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 3 जुलाई 2008. `{{cite web}}`: Unknown parameter `|accessmonthday=` ignored (help); Unknown parameter `|accessyear=` ignored (`|access-date=` suggested) (help)