# निक्केई २२५

निक्केई २२५
Nikkei 225|  |
| स्थापित | 7 सितम्बर 1950 (1950-09-07) |
| मुद्रा | जापानी येन (जेपी¥) |
| वेबसाइट | Nikkei 225 |

**निक्केई २२५** (अंग्रेजी में: Nikkei 225) या **निक्केई 225** (日経平均株価, *Nikkei heikin kabuka*), जिसे आमतौर पर **निक्केई**, **निक्केई इंडेक्स** या **निक्केई स्टॉक एवरेज** (/ˈnɪkeɪ{{{2}}}ˈniː-{{{2}}}nɪˈkeɪ/) कहा जाता है, टोक्यो स्टॉक एक्सचेंज (TSE) का एक शेयर बाजार सूचकांक है। 1950 से इसकी गणना निहोन केजाई शिनबुन (द निक्केई) अखबार द्वारा दैनिक रूप से की जाती है। यह जापानी येन (जेपी ¥) में कार्यरत एक मूल्य-भारित सूचकांकupi antem76102824@axl है, और इसके घटकों की समीक्षा वर्ष में एक बार की जाती है। निक्केई जापान के सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र की 225 बड़ी कंपनियों के प्रदर्शन को मापता है, जो उद्योग क्षेत्रों की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला से हैं।

## भारांकन (Weighting)

यह सूचकांक एक मूल्य-भारित सूचकांक है। 2014 के अंत में, इस सूचकांक पर सबसे अधिक प्रभाव वाली कंपनी फास्ट रिटेलिंग (TYO: 9983) है।

## वार्षिक रिटर्न (Annual returns)

निम्न तालिका निक्केई 225 के वार्षिक विकास को दर्शाती है, जिसकी गणना 1914 के आधार पर की गई थी।

| वर्ष | समापन स्तर (Closing level) | सूचकांक में बदलाव (अंकों में) | सूचकांक में बदलाव (% में) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1914 | 21.12 |  |  |
| 1915 | 32.10 | 10.98 | 51.99 |
| 1916 | 41.61 | 9.51 | 29.63 |
| 1917 | 41.40 | −0.21 | −0.50 |
| 1918 | 42.21 | 0.81 | 1.96 |
| 1919 | 53.63 | 11.42 | 27.06 |
| 1920 | 27.44 | −26.19 | −48.83 |
| 1921 | 28.88 | 1.44 | 5.25 |
| 1922 | 23.97 | −4.91 | −17.00 |
| 1923 | 22.83 | −1.14 | −4.76 |
| 1924 | 24.45 | 1.62 | 7.10 |
| 1925 | 27.96 | 3.51 | 14.36 |
| 1926 | 27.25 | −0.71 | −2.54 |
| 1927 | 25.82 | −1.43 | −5.25 |
| 1928 | 25.65 | −0.17 | −0.66 |
| 1929 | 21.32 | −4.33 | −16.88 |
| 1930 | 16.82 | −4.50 | −21.11 |
| 1931 | 16.28 | −0.54 | −3.21 |
| 1932 | 30.33 | 14.05 | 86.30 |
| 1933 | 34.12 | 3.79 | 12.50 |
| 1934 | 32.30 | −1.82 | −5.33 |
| 1935 | 33.76 | 1.46 | 4.52 |
| 1936 | 35.94 | 2.18 | 6.46 |
| 1937 | 37.33 | 1.39 | 3.87 |
| 1938 | 33.66 | −3.67 | −9.83 |
| 1939 | 44.96 | 11.30 | 33.57 |
| 1940 | 37.42 | −7.54 | −16.77 |
| 1941 | 42.44 | 5.02 | 13.42 |
| 1942 | 42.71 | 0.27 | 0.64 |
| 1943 | 42.11 | −0.60 | −1.40 |
| 1944 | 41.82 | −0.29 | −0.69 |
| 1945 | 40.53 | −1.29 | −3.08 |
| 1946 | 28.72 | −11.81 | −29.14 |
| 1947 | 39.31 | 10.59 | 36.87 |
| 1948 | 72.84 | 33.53 | 85.30 |
| 1949 | 109.91 | 37.07 | 50.89 |
| 1950 | 101.91 | −8.00 | −7.28 |
| 1951 | 166.06 | 64.15 | 62.95 |
| 1952 | 362.64 | 196.58 | 118.38 |
| 1953 | 377.95 | 15.31 | 4.22 |
| 1954 | 356.09 | −21.86 | −5.78 |
| 1955 | 425.69 | 69.60 | 19.55 |
| 1956 | 549.14 | 123.45 | 29.00 |
| 1957 | 474.55 | −74.59 | −13.58 |
| 1958 | 666.54 | 191.99 | 40.46 |
| 1959 | 874.88 | 208.34 | 31.26 |
| 1960 | 1,356.71 | 481.83 | 55.07 |
| 1961 | 1,432.60 | 75.89 | 5.59 |
| 1962 | 1,420.43 | −12.17 | −0.85 |
| 1963 | 1,225.10 | −195.33 | −13.75 |
| 1964 | 1,216.55 | −8.55 | −0.70 |
| 1965 | 1,417.83 | 201.28 | 16.55 |
| 1966 | 1,452.10 | 34.27 | 2.42 |
| 1967 | 1,283.47 | −168.63 | −11.61 |
| 1968 | 1,714.89 | 431.42 | 33.61 |
| 1969 | 2,358.96 | 644.07 | 37.56 |
| 1970 | 1,987.14 | −371.82 | −15.76 |
| 1971 | 2,713.74 | 726.60 | 36.57 |
| 1972 | 5,207.94 | 2,494.20 | 91.91 |
| 1973 | 4,306.80 | −901.14 | −17.30 |
| 1974 | 3,817.22 | −489.58 | −11.37 |
| 1975 | 4,358.60 | 541.38 | 14.18 |
| 1976 | 4,990.85 | 632.25 | 14.51 |
| 1977 | 4,865.60 | −125.25 | −2.51 |
| 1978 | 6,001.85 | 1,136.25 | 23.35 |
| 1979 | 6,569.47 | 567.62 | 9.46 |
| 1980 | 7,116.38 | 546.91 | 8.33 |
| 1981 | 7,681.84 | 565.46 | 7.95 |
| 1982 | 8,016.67 | 334.83 | 4.36 |
| 1983 | 9,893.82 | 1,877.15 | 23.42 |
| 1984 | 11,542.60 | 1,648.78 | 16.66 |
| 1985 | 13,113.32 | 1,570.72 | 13.61 |
| 1986 | 18,701.30 | 5,587.98 | 42.61 |
| 1987 | 21,564.00 | 2,862.70 | 15.31 |
| 1988 | 30,159.00 | 8,595.00 | 39.86 |
| 1989 | 38,915.87 | 8,756.87 | 29.04 |
| 1990 | 23,848.71 | −15,067.16 | −38.72 |
| 1991 | 22,983.77 | −864.94 | −3.63 |
| 1992 | 16,924.95 | −6,058.82 | −26.36 |
| 1993 | 17,417.24 | 492.29 | 2.91 |
| 1994 | 19,723.06 | 2,305.82 | 13.24 |
| 1995 | 19,868.15 | 145.09 | 0.74 |
| 1996 | 19,361.35 | −506.80 | −2.55 |
| 1997 | 15,258.74 | −4,102.61 | −21.19 |
| 1998 | 13.842,17 | −1.416,57 | −9.28 |
| 1999 | 18,934.34 | 5,092.17 | 36.79 |
| 2000 | 13,785.69 | −5,148.65 | −27.19 |
| 2001 | 10,542.62 | −3,243.07 | −23.52 |
| 2002 | 8,578.95 | −1,963.67 | −18.63 |
| 2003 | 10,676.64 | 2,097.69 | 24.45 |
| 2004 | 11,488.76 | 812.12 | 7.61 |
| 2005 | 16,111.43 | 4,622.67 | 40.24 |
| 2006 | 17,225.83 | 1,114.40 | 6.92 |
| 2007 | 15,307.78 | −1,918.05 | −11.13 |
| 2008 | 8,859.56 | −6,448.22 | −42.12 |
| 2009 | 10,546.44 | 1,686.88 | 19.04 |
| 2010 | 10,228.92 | −317.52 | −3.01 |
| 2011 | 8,455.35 | −1,773.57 | −17.24 |
| 2012 | 10,395.18 | 1,939.83 | 22.94 |
| 2013 | 16,291.31 | 5,896.13 | 56.72 |
| 2014 | 17,450.77 | 1,159.46 | 7.12 |
| 2015 | 19,033.71 | 1,582.94 | 9.07 |
| 2016 | 19,114.40 | 80.69 | 0.42 |
| 2017 | 22,764.94 | 3,650.54 | 19.10 |
| 2018 | 20,014.77 | −2,750.17 | −12.08 |
| 2019 | 23,656.62 | 3,641.85 | 18.20 |
| 2020 | 27,444.17 | 3,787.55 | 16.01 |
| 2021 | 28,791.71 | 1,347.54 | 4.91 |
| 2022 | 26,094.50 | −2,697.21 | −9.37 |
| 2023 | 33,464.17 | 7,369.67 | 28.24 |
| 2024 | 39,894.54 | 6,430.37 | 19.22 |
| 2025 | 50,339.48 | 10,444.94 | 26.18 |

## घटक (Components)

अप्रैल 2018 तक, निक्केई 225 में निम्नलिखित कंपनियां शामिल हैं: (कोष्ठक में जापानी प्रतिभूति पहचान कोड)

### खाद्य पदार्थ (Foods)

* Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (TYO: 2802)
* Asahi Breweries, Ltd. (TYO: 2502)
* Japan Tobacco Inc. (TYO: 2914)
* Kikkoman Corp. (TYO: 2801)
* Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd. (TYO: 2503)
* Meiji Holdings Company, Limited (TYO: 2269)
* Nichirei Corp. (TYO: 2871)
* Nippon Meat Packers, Inc. (TYO: 2282)
* Nisshin Seifun Group Inc. (TYO: 2002)
* Sapporo Holdings Ltd. (TYO: 2501)
* Takara Holdings Inc. (TYO: 2531)

### कपड़ा और परिधान (Textiles & apparel)

* Teijin Ltd. (TYO: 3401)
* Toray Industries, Inc. (TYO: 3402)
* Toyobo Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3101)
* Unitika, Ltd. (TYO: 3103)

### लुगदी और कागज (Pulp & paper)

* Nippon Paper Group, Inc. (TYO: 3863)
* Oji Paper Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3861)

### रसायन (Chemicals)

* Asahi Kasei Corp. (TYO: 3407)
* Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K. (TYO: 4061)
* DIC Corporation (TYO: 4631)
* Fujifilm Holdings Corp. (TYO: 4901)
* Kao Corp. (TYO: 4452)
* Kuraray Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3405)
* Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corp. (TYO: 4188)
* Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. (TYO: 4183)
* Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4272)
* Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 4021)
* Nitto Denko (TYO: 6988)
* Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4063)
* Shiseido Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4911)
* Showa Denko K.K. (TYO: 4004)
* Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4005)
* Tokuyama Corporation (TYO: 4043)
* Tosoh Corp. (TYO: 4042)
* Ube Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 4208)

### औषधीय (Pharmaceuticals)

* Astellas Pharma Inc. (TYO: 4503)
* Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4519)
* Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4568)
* Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4506)
* Eisai Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4523)
* Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4151)
* Otsuka Holdings Co. Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4578)
* Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4507)
* Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. (TYO: 4502)

### तेल और कोयला उत्पाद (Oil & coal products)

* JXTG Holdings (TYO: 5020)
* Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd (TYO: 5019)

### रबड़ उत्पाद (Rubber products)

* Bridgestone Corp. (TYO: 5108)
* The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5101)

### कांच और चीनी मिट्टी (Glass & ceramics)

* AGC Inc. (TYO: 5201)
* NGK Insulators, Ltd. (TYO: 5333)
* Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5214)
* Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5202)
* Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5232)
* Taiheiyo Cement Corp. (TYO: 5233)
* Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5301)
* Toto Ltd. (TYO: 5332)

### इस्पात के उत्पाद (Steel products)

* JFE Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 5411)
* Kobe Steel, Ltd. (TYO: 5406)
* Nippon Steel Corp. (TYO: 5401)
* Pacific Metals Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5541)

### अलौह धातु (Nonferrous metals)

* Dowa Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5714)
* Fujikura Ltd. (TYO: 5803)
* Furukawa Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5715)
* The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5801)
* Mitsubishi Materials Corp. (TYO: 5711)
* Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5706)
* Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd (TYO: 5703)
* SUMCO Corp. (TYO: 3436)
* Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 5802)
* Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5713)
* Toho Zinc Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5707)
* Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd. (TYO: 5901)

### यान्त्रिकी (Machinery)

* Amada Co. Ltd. (TYO: 6113)
* Chiyoda Corp. (TYO: 6366)
* Daikin Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 6367)
* Ebara Corp. (TYO: 6361)
* Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6305)
* Hitachi Zōsen Corporation (TYO: 7004)
* IHI Corp. (TYO: 7013)
* The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. (TYO: 5631)
* JTEKT Corp. (TYO: 6473)
* Komatsu Ltd. (TYO: 6301)
* Kubota Corp. (TYO: 6326)
* Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 7011)
* NSK Ltd. (TYO: 6471)
* NTN Corp. (TYO: 6472)
* Okuma Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 6103)
* Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 6302)

### विद्युत यान्त्रिकी (Electric machinery)

* Advantest Corp. (TYO: 6857)
* Alps Electric Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6770)
* Canon Inc. (TYO: 7751)
* Casio Computer Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6952)
* Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7735)
* Denso Corp. (TYO: 6902)
* FANUC Corp. (TYO: 6954)
* Fuji Electric Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6504)
* Fujitsu Ltd. (TYO: 6702)
* GS Yuasa Corp. (TYO: 6674)
* Hitachi, Ltd. (TYO: 6501)
* Kyocera Corp. (TYO: 6971)
* Panasonic Corp. (TYO: 6752)
* Minebea Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6479)
* Mitsubishi Electric Corp. (TYO: 6503)
* NEC Corp. (TYO: 6701)
* Nisshinbo Holdings Inc. (TYO: 3105)
* Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6703)
* Pioneer Corporation (TYO: 6773)
* Ricoh (TYO: 7752)
* Seiko Epson Corp. (TYO: 6724)
* Sony Corp. (TYO: 6758)
* Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6976)
* TDK Corp. (TYO: 6762)
* Tokyo Electron Ltd. (TYO: 8035)
* Yaskawa Electric Corporation, Limited (TYO: 6506)
* Yokogawa Electric Corp. (TYO: 6841)

### जहाज निर्माण (Shipbuilding)

* Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 7012)
* Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7003)

### मोटर वाहन (Automotive)

* Hino Motors, Ltd. (TYO: 7205)
* Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7267)
* Isuzu Motors Ltd. (TYO: 7202)
* Mazda Motor Corp. (TYO: 7261)
* Mitsubishi Motors Corp. (TYO: 7211)
* Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7201)
* Subaru Corp. (TYO: 7270)
* Suzuki Motor Corp. (TYO: 7269)
* Toyota Motor Corp. (TYO: 7203)
* Yamaha Motor Corp. (TYO: 7272)

### सटीक उपकरण (Precision instruments)

* Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7762)
* Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 4902)
* Nikon Corp. (TYO: 7731)
* Olympus Corp. (TYO: 7733)
* Terumo Corp. (TYO: 4543)

### अन्य विनिर्माण (Other manufacturing)

* Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7912)
* Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7911)
* Yamaha Corp. (TYO: 7951)

### मछली पालन (Fishery)

* Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. (TYO: 1332)
* Maruha Nichiro Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 1333)

### खनन (Mining)

* Inpex Corp. (TYO: 1605)

### निर्माण (Construction)

* Comsys Holdings Corp. (TYO: 1721)
* Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd. (TYO: 1925)
* Haseko Corp. (TYO: 1808)
* JGC Corporation (TYO: 1963)
* Kajima Corp. (TYO: 1812)
* Obayashi Corp. (TYO: 1802)
* Sekisui House, Ltd. (TYO: 1928)
* Shimizu Corp. (TYO: 1803)
* Taisei Corp. (TYO: 1801)

### कारोबारी कंपनियां (Trading companies)

* Itochu Corp. (TYO: 8001)
* Marubeni Corp. (TYO: 8002)
* Mitsubishi Corp. (TYO: 8058)
* Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8031)
* Sojitz Corp. (TYO: 2768)
* Sumitomo Corp. (TYO: 8053)
* Toyota Tsusho Corp. (TYO: 8015)

### खुदरा (Retail)

* Aeon Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8267)
* FamilyMart Uny Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8028)
* Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9983)
* Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. (TYO: 3099)
* J. Front Retailing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3086)
* Marui Group Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8252)
* Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3382)
* Takashimaya Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8233)

### बैंककारी (Banking)

* Aozora Bank, Ltd. (TYO: 8304)
* The Chiba Bank, Ltd. (TYO: 8331)
* Concordia Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 7186)
* Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8309)
* Fukuoka Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8354)
* Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8306)
* Mizuho Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8411)
* Resona Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8308)
* Shinsei Bank, Ltd. (TYO: 8303)
* The Shizuoka Bank, Ltd. (TYO: 8355)
* Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8316)

### प्रतिभूतियां (Securities)

* Daiwa Securities Group Inc. (TYO: 8601)
* Matsui Securities Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8628)
* Nomura Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8604)

### बीमा (Insurance)

* Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company, Limited (TYO: 8750)
* MS&AD Insurance Group, Inc. (TYO: 8725)
* Sompo Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8630)
* Sony Financial Holdings Inc. (TYO: 8729)
* T&D Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8795)
* Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8766)

### अन्य वित्तीय सेवाएं (Other financial services)

* Credit Saison Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8253)

### अचल संपत्ति (Real estate)

* Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8802)
* Mitsui Fudosan Co.,Ltd (TYO: 8801)
* Sumitomo Realty & Development Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8830)
* Tokyo Tatemono Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8804)
* Tokyu Land Corp. (TYO: 3289)

### रेलवे/बस (Railway/bus)

* Central Japan Railway Company (TYO: 9022)
* East Japan Railway Company (TYO: 9020)
* Keio Corp. (TYO: 9008)
* Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9009)
* Odakyu Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9007)
* Tobu Railway Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9001)
* Tokyu Corp. (TYO: 9005)
* West Japan Railway Company (TYO: 9021)

### अन्य भूपरिवहन (Other land transport)

* Nippon Express Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9062)
* Yamato Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9064)

### समुद्री परिवहन (Marine transport)

* Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd. (TYO: 9107)
* Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (TYO: 9104)
* Nippon Yusen K.K. (TYO: 9101)

### वायु परिवहन (Air transport)

* All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9202)

### भण्डारण (Warehousing)

* Mitsubishi Logistics Corp. (TYO: 9301)

### संचार (Communications)

* KDDI Corp. (TYO: 9433)
* Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. (TYO: 9432)
* NTT Data Corp. (TYO: 9613)
* NTT DoCoMo, Inc. (TYO: 9437)
* SKY Perfect JSAT Holdings Inc. (TYO: 9412)
* Softbank Corp. (TYO: 9984)

### विद्युत शक्ति (Electric power)

* Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. (TYO: 9502)
* The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (TYO: 9503)
* The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (TYO: 9501)

### गैस (Gas)

* Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9532)
* Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9531)

### सेवाएं (Services)

* Dena Co., Ltd. (TYO: 2432)
* Dentsu Inc. (TYO: 4324)
* Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6178)
* Konami Corp. (TYO: 9766)
* Rakuten Inc. (TYO: 4755)
* Recruit Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6098)
* Secom Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9735)
* Tokyo Dome Corp. (TYO: 9681)
* Toho Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9602)
* Trend Micro Inc. (TYO: 4704)
* Yahoo Japan Corp. (TYO: 4689)

## इन्हें भी देखें

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| Businessx28px | Japan प्रवेशद्वार |

* एस एंड पी / टॉपिक्स 150

## सन्दर्भ

## बाहरी कड़ियाँ

* Nikkei 225 Components — official website at indexes.Nikkei.co.jp
* Index detail: Nikkei Stock Average 225 — at रॉयटर्स
* Nikkei 225 page – NKY:IND — on Bloomberg Markets
* Nikkei 225 index — on Google Finance
* Nikkei 225 index — on Yahoo! Finance
* Nikkei 225 profile — at Wikinvestसाँचा:Unreliable source