# Shirin Ayyuka na Biodiversity

| Shirin Ayyuka na Biodiversity |
| --- |
| shiri |
| Bayanai |
| Filin aiki | threatened species (en)  da habitat (en)  |
| Has cause (en)  | Convention on Biological Diversity (en)  |

 Sifaka mai lalacewa, wani dabba mai haɗari na Madagascar
**Shirin aiki na bambancin halittu** (**BAP**) wani shiri ne da aka amince da shi a duniya wanda ke magance nau'o'in da ke fuskantar barazana da wuraren zama kuma an tsara shi don karewa da dawo da tsarin halittu. Tushen asali na waɗannan tsare-tsaren ya samo asali ne daga Yarjejeniyar 1992 kan Bambancin Halitta (CBD). Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, kasashe 191 sun tabbatar da CBD, amma kashi kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan suka haɓaka takardun BAP masu mahimmanci.

Babban abubuwa na BAP yawanci sun haɗa da: (a) shirya kayan aiki na bayanan halittu don jinsunan da aka zaɓa ko wuraren zama; (b) kimanta matsayin kiyayewa na jinsuna a cikin ƙayyadaddun tsarin halittu; (c) ƙirƙirar manufofi don kiyayewa da maidowa; da (d) kafa kasafin kuɗi, lokaci da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata don aiwatar da BAP.

## Shirye-shiryen nau'o'i

Snow leopard, Pakistan, jinsin da ke cikin haɗari
Hanyar da ta dace da BAP ita ce cikakkiyar takardu game da jinsuna daban-daban, tare da jaddada rarraba yawan jama'a da matsayin kiyayewa. Wannan aikin, yayin da yake da mahimmanci, yana da matukar damuwa, tunda an yi imanin cewa kashi goma cikin dari na jinsunan duniya ne kawai aka bayyana tun daga shekara ta 2006, mafi yawan waɗannan abubuwan da ba a sani ba sune fungi, dabbobi marasa rai, micro-organisms da tsire-tsire. Ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa, dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe, ana samun bayanai a cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka buga; duk da haka, ga fungi, dabbobi marasa rai, micro-organisms da tsire-tsire da yawa, irin wannan bayanin na iya buƙatar tarin bayanai na gida. Har ila yau, yana da amfani don tattara yanayin lokaci na ƙididdigar yawan jama'a don fahimtar yanayin bambancin yawan jama'ar da rauni. A wasu sassan duniya cikakkun nau'ikan jinsuna ba gaskiya bane; alal misali, a cikin gandun daji masu bushewa na Madagascar, yawancin jinsuna ba su da takardun shaida kuma yawancin yankin ba su taɓa bincika su ba.

Wani bangare na shirin jinsin na BAP na kasar ya kamata ya ƙunshi cikakken bayani game da kewayon, mazaunin, halayyar, kiwo da hulɗa tare da wasu jinsuna. Da zarar an yanke shawarar matsayin kiyayewa (misali Rare, barazana, barazana), za a iya ƙirƙirar wani shiri don kiyayewa da dawo da yawan jinsin zuwa matakan da aka yi niyya. Misalan abubuwan kariya na shirye-shirye sune: Maido da mazaunin; kariya ga mazaunin daga ci gaban birane; kafa mallakar dukiya; iyakancewa kan kiwo ko wasu mamayewar aikin gona a cikin mazaunin; rage ayyukan aikin gona na slash-and-burn; haramta kashewa ko tattara nau'in; ƙuntatawa kan amfani da magungunan kashewa; da kuma kula da sauran gurɓata muhalli. Shirin ya kamata ya bayyana waɗanne hukumomin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu ya kamata su aiwatar da dabarun kariya kuma su nuna kasafin kudin da ake da su don aiwatar da wannan dabarar.

## Shirye-shiryen Aikin Gona

Ayyukan noma na iya rage bambancin halittu na yankin sosai. Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Biodiversity don samar da aikin gona ya zama dole don tabbatar da samar da kyawawan halittu. Ba a saba da kamfanoni su haɗa bangarorin halittu masu yawa a cikin darajar su ba, amma wasu kamfanoni da kungiyoyi sun nuna ƙoƙari na gaba ɗaya don aiwatar da kyawawan ayyuka.

Misali na yanzu don jagororin kan ayyukan halittu masu yawa a cikin aikin gona shine Shirin Ayyukan Biodiversity don samar da kayan yaji a Indiya. Ta hanyar tsarawa da aiwatar da matakan sada zumunci na bambancin halittu, manoma na iya ragewa tasirin da ba shi da kyau kuma ya goyi bayan tasirin da ya dace.

## Manazarta