Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Maƙabarta

| Maƙabarta |
| --- |
| geographical feature (en)  da type of building (en)  |
|  |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | architectural ensemble (en) , location of burial (en) , wuri, architectural structure (en)  da wuri |
| Fuskar |
Mutuwa da burial (en)  |
| Karatun ta | necropolis studies (en)  |
| Hashtag (mul)  |
Friedhof da Cemetery |
| Manifestation of (en)  |
Mutuwa da burial (en)  |
| Maintenance method (en)  | grave tending (en)  |

makabartar ramle
wata makabartar kirista
**Maƙarbata** guri ne da ake rufe ko kuma binne waɗanda suka mutu daga cikin mutane. Wanda aka tanada shi don kawai idan ɗaya daga cikin mutane ya mutu sai aje filin maƙabarta a gina rami kamar yadda Addinin Musulunci ya tanada ma Al'ummar Musulmi. Idan kuma Kirista ne to sukan binne mamaci akan yadda Addinin kiristanci ya koyar dasu. A Addinin Musulunci zuwa maƙabarta yanada addu'a wato kafin shiga maƙabarta musanman lokacin da aka zo za'a shiga, kuma a Musulunci Mata basa zuwa maƙabarta sai dai Maza ne zasu je su haƙa rami ko kuma gina shi kafin azo da mamaci, duk tun daga haƙa ramin har komai anayi ne a bisa koyarwar musulunci. Wasu maƙabartun zaka ga hada mai gadi, wasu kuma babu mai gadi. Maƙabarta takan cika, to a lokacin da maƙabarta ta cika sai a daina birne mutane a cikin ta, sai a sake samun wani filin a buɗe sabuwar maƙabarta.ana tone maƙabarta idan ta cika amma akwai adadin shekarun da take kaiwa kafin a tone ta tana kaiwa a ƙalla shekara arba'in 40 akan ɗauka mamaci a cikin makara idan maƙabarta na kusa idan kuma bata kusa to bayan an saka mamaci a cikin makara sai kuma asashi a mota don akwai matar maƙabarta musanman, wadda ake amfani da ita wajen kai matattu a maƙabarta.

## Hotuna

* Makabarta a birnin New York
* Makabarta

## Manazarta
# Zaɓe

| zaɓe |
| --- |
| process (en)  |
|  |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | yin zabe da competition (en)  |
| Bangare na |
siyasa, ma'aikata da association (en)  |
| Karatun ta | sociology of voting (en)  |
| Has characteristic (en)  | class of election (en)  |
| Hannun riga da | recall election (en)  |

Rumfar Zaɓe
Rumfar zabe
**Zaɓe:** wani aikine ko yanayi da Al’ummah ke haduwa, don cimma matsaya, wajen zaɓen abinda ransu keso. aikin gudanarwan jama'a. Zaɓe ya zama a yanzu shi ne hanya kadai da ake bi dan samun wakilci na dimokradiyya tun daga karni na 17th. Ta hanyar zabe ne kadai ake samun wadanda za su yi wakilci a Majalisa, ko a bangaren zartaswa da shari'a, da kuma kananan hukumomi ko yankuna na kasa. Irin wannan tsari ana aiwatar da shi a yawancin bangarorin masu zaman Kansu da hukumomin kasuwanci, ko kulubi har izuwa kungiyoyin sa-kai da corporations.

yadda ake gudanar da zabe kenan
Amfani da zaɓe a matsayin abun ciro wakilai a dimokradiyyar zamani ya saba wa irin dimokradiyyan archetype, na zamanin da a Athens, inda ba'a zaɓe, dan ana ganin kamar wani abu ne da ake kira oligarchic institution, kuma yawancin ofisoshin siyasu ana cike gurbinsu ne ta hanyar amfani da sortition, wanda aka sani da allotment, inda masu rike da ofisoshi wasu ke babbu ke naɗa su.

Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are not in place, or improving the fairness or effectiveness of existing systems. Psephology is the study of results and other statistics relating to elections (especially with a view to predicting future results).

yadda ake jefa kuri'a kenan
Ayi *zaɓe* na nifin a zaɓi ko a yanke hukunci a game da wanda ya chanchanta ya jagorancin jama'a ko ƙungiya ko hukuma. Mafi yawancin zaɓe a wannan lokacin ana yin amfani ne da takardun kaɗa kuri'a musamman ma a ƙasar Amurika.

## Manazarta
# Yanke hukunci

| Yanke hukunci |
| --- |
| legal term or legal concept (en)  |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | competence (en)  |
| Bangare na | public law (en)  |

Hukunci (daga shari'ar Latin 'doka' da dicio 'magana' ko 'bayani') shine kalmar shari'a don ikon doka da aka baiwa mahallin doka don aiwatar da adalci. A cikin tarayya kamar Amurka, manufar ikon mulki tana aiki a matakai da yawa (misali, gida, jiha, da tarayya).

Hukuncin ya samo asali ne daga dokokin kasa da kasa, rikice-rikice na dokoki, dokokin tsarin mulki, da kuma ikon hukumomin zartarwa da na majalisu na gwamnati don ware albarkatun don samar da bukatun al'umma.

## Girman duniya

Gabaɗaya, dokokin duniya da yarjejeniyoyin suna ba da yarjejeniyoyin da ƙasashe suka yarda a ɗaure su. Irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin ba koyaushe ake kafawa ko kiyaye su ba. Ana amfani da ikon mallakar yanki ta hanyar ka'idoji guda uku da aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Waɗannan su ne daidaiton jihohi, ikon yanki da rashin shiga tsakani. wannan yana haifar da tambayoyin lokacin da jihohi da yawa za su iya ba da izini ko tilasta izini. Shari'ar Lotus ta kafa wasu mahimman dokoki guda biyu zuwa takardar sayan magani da aiwatar da hukumci. Shari’ar ta fayyace cewa hukunce-hukuncen yanki ne kuma wata kasa ba za ta yi amfani da huruminta a wata kasa ba sai dai idan babu wata ka’ida da ta halatta hakan A kan haka, jihohi suna da fa'ida mai fa'ida don ba da izini ga mutane, dukiya da ayyuka a cikin yankinsu sai dai idan babu wata ka'ida da ta hana hakan

## lamuran siyasa

Ƙungiyoyin maɗaukaki suna ba da hanyoyin da za a iya magance rikice-rikice tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar yin sulhu ko sulhu. Lokacin da aka amince da kasa a matsayin de jure, to yana zama amincewa da sauran al'ummomin de jure cewa kasar tana da iko da 'yancin zama

Duk da haka, sau da yawa yana kan ra'ayin kowace al'umma ko ta ba da haɗin kai ko shiga. Idan wata al'umma ta yarda ta shiga cikin ayyukan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ta yarda da yanke shawara, al'ummar tana ba da ikon mallakarta kuma ta haka ne ke ba wa waɗannan hukumomi iko.

Muddin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ko mutanen da aka zaɓa za su iya warware takaddama ta hanyar shari'a ko ta hanyar shari'a, ko inganta wajibcin yarjejeniya a cikin yanayin dokoki, ikon da aka ba wa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin yana wakiltar ikonsa. Amma duk da irin karfin da kowace hukuma za ta yi, gwargwadon yadda za a iya aiwatar da wani hukunci nasu, ko yarjejeniya da yarjejeniyoyin da aka tsara za su zama, ko kuma su ci gaba da yin tasiri a cikin iyakokin kowace kasa, lamari ne na siyasa a karkashin ikon kowace kasa.

## Manazarta
# TikTok

TikTok|  |
| URL (mul)  |
 |
| Iri | social networking service (en) , online video platform (en) , online community (en)  da very large online platform (en)  |
| Language (en)  | multiple languages (en)  |
| License (en)  | proprietary license (en)  |
| Web developer (en)  | Beijing Microbroadcast Vision Technology (en)  |
| Service entry (en)  |
20 Satumba 2016 |
| Wurin hedkwatar |
Sin |
| Kyauta ta samu | BigBrotherAwards (mul)  |
| Alexa rank (en)  |
795 (3 Disamba 2019) 779 (8 Disamba 2019) 184 (1 ga Augusta, 2020) |
| Twitter |
tiktok\_us, TikTokSupport da TikTokMENA |
| Facebook |
tiktok da tiktokrussia |
| Instagram |
tiktok, tiktokrussia, tiktok\_philippines, tiktokofficialindonesia, tiktok\_ru, tiktok\_kz, tiktok\_ge da tiktok\_australia |
| Youtube |
UChPd\_WHrv3O-XAXXHLixs7g |

 Hedkwatar kamfanin
Tambari
Alamar Mahanjar TikTok
Tambarin tiktok
**TikTok sabis,** Ne na raba hanyar sadarwar bidiyo ta kan layi. Yana ba mutane damar ƙirƙirar gajerun kiɗa da bidiyo mai aiki da leɓe na daƙiƙa 3 zuwa 15 da gajeren faifan bidiyo na daƙiƙa 3 zuwa 60. Zasu iya sanya komai daga matsalolin rayuwa zuwa rawa ko ma girke-girke. Sananne ne a Kanada,kasar Amurka, da sauran sassan duniya. An fara fito da shi da sunan *musically* amma daga baya aka saye shi aka sake masa suna TikTok.

TikTok ne ya kirkireshi ta ByteDance. An sake shi a watan Satumbar shekarar 2016 kuma shine mafi saukakiyar aikace-aikace a cikin Amurka a watan oktoba shekarar 2018 .

Kasashen da ake muamala da TikTok, amman daga bisani aka haramta amfani da shi
A ranar 29 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2020, Indiya ta yanke shawarar dakatar da Ayyuka 59 ciki har da man hajar TikTok. Wata daya bayan haka a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2020, Shugaba Donald Trump ya ba da sanarwar yiwuwar dakatar da aikin. Bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020, Gwamnatin Trump ta sanar da cewa za a cire app din daga shagunan aikace-aikacen kasar Amurka a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwambar shekarar 2020, sai dai in ByteDance zai iya tabbatar wa gwamnatin Trump cewa manhajar ba ta da wata barazana ga tsaron Amurka..

## Manazarta
# Taimako na zamantakewa

| Taimako na zamantakewa |
| --- |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | protective factor (en) , Taimako da care (en)  |
| Bangare na | social network (en)  |

Tsohon mutum a gidan tsofaffi a Norway
Tallafin zamantakewa shine fahimta dazama na gaskiya akan yadda ake kula da mutum, yana da taimako daga wasu mutane, kuma mafi mashahuri, cewa mutum yana cikin hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa mai tallafawa. Waɗannan albarkatun tallafi na iya zama motsin rai misali, (kulawa), bayanai misali (shawara), ko abokantaka (misali., ma'anar zama); abin da ake gani misali , (taimakon kuɗi) ko abin da ba a gani ba misali، (shawara ta mutum). Za'a iya auna tallafin zamantakewa a matsayin fahimtar cewa mutum yana da taimako, ainihin taimakon da aka karɓa, ko kuma matakin da aka haɗa mutum a cikin hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa. Tallafi na iya fitowa daga tushe da yawa, kamar dangi, abokai, dabbobi, maƙwabta, abokan aiki, ƙungiyoyi, da dai sauransu.

Ana nazarin tallafin zamantakewa a fannoni daban-daban ciki har da ilimin halayyar dan adam, sadarwa, magani, ilimin zamantakewa, jinya, kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ilimi, farfadowa, da aikin zamantakewa. Tallafin zamantakewa an haɗa shi da fa'idodi da yawa ga lafiyar jiki da tunani, amma "tallafin zamantakewar al'umma" misali, (tsegumi game da abokai) ba koyaushe ne yakeda da fa'ida ba.

Ka'idodin tallafin zamantakewa da samfuran su sun kasance masu yawa a matsayin karatun ilimi mai zurfi a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990, kuma suna da alaƙa da ci gaban masu kulawa da samfuran biyan kuɗi, da tsarin isar da al'umma a Amurka da kewaye na duniya. An gabatar da manyan samfuran guda biyu don bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tallafin zamantakewa da kiwon lafiya: ra'ayin buffering da ra'ayin tasirinsa kai tsaye. An sami bambance-bambance tsakanin Jinsi da al'adu a cikin tallafin zamantakewa a fannoni kamar ilimi "wanda bazai iya sarrafa shekaru ba, nakasa, samun kuɗin shiga da matsayi na zamantakewa, kabilanci da launin fata, ko wasu muhimman dalilai".

## Categories da ma'anoni

### Bambance-bambance a cikin ma'auni

Za'a iya rarraba tallafin zamantakewa da auna shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Akwai sanannun ayyuka huɗu na tallafin zamantakewa:
# Tsibirin Ascension

| Tsibirin Ascension |
| --- |
|  |
| General information |
| Height above mean sea level (en)  |
345 m |
| Tsawo |
14 km |
| Fadi |
12 km |
| Yawan fili |
88 km² |
| Suna bayan |
Feast of the Ascension (en)  |
| Labarin ƙasa |
|  |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Bangare na |
Birtaniya Kasashen common wealth |
| Kasa |
realm of the United Kingdom (en)  |
| Territory |
Ascension (en)  |
| Flanked by |
Tekun Atalanta |
| Hydrography (en)  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala
 Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba.  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar.
 .  |

**Tsibirin Ascension** tsibiri ne kebe mai aman wuta, 7°56′ kudu da Equator a Kudancin Tekun Atlantika. Yana da nisan mil 1,000 (kilomita 1,600) daga gabar tekun Afirka da mil 1,400 (kilomita 2,300) daga gabar tekun Kudancin Amurka. Ana gudanar da ita a matsayin wani yanki na Yankin Yammacin Burtaniya na Saint Helena, Hawan Yesu zuwa sama da Tristan da Cunha, 4 wanda babban tsibiri, Saint Helena, ke da nisan mil 800 (kilomita 1,300) zuwa kudu maso gabas. Yankin ya kuma hada da tsibiran Tristan da Cunha da ba su da yawa, mil 2,300 (kilomita 3,700) zuwa kudu, kusan rabin hanyar Antarctic Circle

## Al'ada

Akwai kungiyoyin Scouting da Jagora akan Saint Helena da Tsibirin Hawan Hawan Sama. An kafa Scouting a Tsibirin Hawan Hawan Sama a cikin Nuwamba 1973, bayan an kafa shi a tsibirin St Helena a cikin 1912.

The Islander jarida ne na mako-mako da ake gyarawa, bugawa da rarrabawa a tsibirin. An buga shi tun 1971. Ana samunsa akan layi.

Turanci shine harshen hukuma.

## Manazarta
# 'Yancin addini

| 'Yancin addini |
| --- |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Ƴancin Jama'a da civil rights (en)  |
| Fuskar |
addini |
| Foundational text (en)  |
Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam |
| Muhimmin darasi |
Ƴanci da religious identity (en)  |
| Babban tsarin rubutu |
Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam |

Addinan da sukafi suna
'**Yancin addini** ko **'yancin addini** ƙa'ida ce da ke tallafawa 'yancin mutum ko al'umma, a fili ko na sirri, don bayyana addini ko imani a cikin koyarwa, aiki, bauta, da kiyayewa. Hakanan ya haɗa da 'yancin canza addini ko aƙidar mutum, "'yancin yin wani addini ko akida", ko "ba yin addini" (wanda aka fi sani da "'yanci *daga* addini").

'Yancin addini mutane da yawa da yawancin al'ummomi suna ɗauka a matsayin babban haƙƙin ɗan adam . A kasar da ke da addini, ana daukar 'yancin yin addini a matsayin ma'anar cewa gwamnati ta ba da izinin gudanar da ayyukan addini na wasu al'ummomi ban da addinin gwamnati, kuma ba ta tsananta wa masu bi a wasu addinai ko waɗanda ba su da imani.

Kundin ƴancin addini
’Yancin addini ya wuce ‘yancin yin imani, wanda ke ba da damar yin imani da abin da mutum, ƙungiya, ko addini yake so, amma ba lallai ba ne ya ƙyale ’yancin yin addini ko imani a fili da zahiri a cikin jama’a, wanda wasu ke gaskatawa. jigon ‘yancin addini ne na tsakiya. 'Yancin ibada ba shi da tabbas amma ana iya la'akari da faɗuwa tsakanin sharuɗɗan biyu. Kalmar "imani" ana ɗaukarsa ya haɗa da kowane nau'i na rashin addini, gami da zindikanci, ɗan adamtaka, wanzuwa ko wasu mazhabobin tunani. Ko ya kamata a yi la’akari da waɗanda ba masu bi ba ko kuma ‘yan adamtaka don dalilai na ’yancin yin addini, tambaya ce da ake jayayya a cikin shari’a da tsarin mulki. Muhimmi a cikin la'akari da wannan 'yancin shine ko ayyukan addini da ayyukan motsa jiki waɗanda zasu keta dokar duniya yakamata a ba su izini saboda kiyaye 'yancin addini, kamar (a cikin fikihun Amurka) *Amurka v.* *Reynolds* ko *Wisconsin v.* *Yoder*, (a cikin dokar Turai) *SAS v.* *Faransa*, da sauran hukunce-hukunce masu yawa.

## Manazarta.
# Magana da Jiki

## | Magana da Jiki |
| --- |

| Magana da Jiki |
| --- |

 Tarihi

Psychiatrist Dr. Adolf Meyer in the late 19th century stated that: "We cannot understand the individual presentation of mental illness, [and perpetuating factors] without knowing how that person functions in the environment." Psychosocial assessment stems from this idea. The relationship between mental and emotional wellbeing and the environment was first commonly applied by Freudian ego-psychologist Professor Erik Erikson in his description of the stages of psychosocial development in his book called Childhood and Society in 1950. Mary Richmond considered there to be a strict relationship between cause and effect, in a diagnostic process. In 1941 Gordon Hamilton renamed the existing (1917) concept of "social diagnosis" as "psychosocial study".

Nazarin ilimin halayyar dan adam ya ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyar farfesa Florence Hollis a cikin 1964 tare da jaddada tsarin magani. Yana cikin tashin hankali tare da ilimin halayyar zamantakewa daban-daban, wanda ke ƙoƙarin bayyana tsarin zamantakewa a cikin mutum. Matsalolin da ke faruwa a cikin aikin mutum na zamantakewa ana iya kiransu "rashin aiki na zamantakewa" ko "matsalolin zamantakewa. " Wannan yana nufin rashin ci gaba ko rashin daidaituwa daban-daban na mutum na zamantakewar mutum, sau da yawa yana faruwa tare da wasu dysfunctions waɗanda zasu iya zama na jiki, motsin rai, ko fahimta a cikin yanayi. Yanzu akwai wani bangare na nazarin kasa da kasa, da kungiyoyi kamar su Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira), da kuma Association for Psychosocial Studies.

## Manazarta
# Jindadin dabbobi da haƙƙin dabbobi a Afirka ta Kudu

Animal welfare and rights in South Africa
Jindadin dabbobi da haƙƙin dabbobi a Afirka ta Kudu shine game da kulawa da dokoki game da dabbobin da ba na ɗan adam ba a yankin nahiyar Afirka ta Kudu.

 *Wannan Muƙalar **guntuwa** ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.*
## Nazari
# Grenada

| Grenada |
| --- |
| State of Grenada (en) |
|  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Flag of Grenada (en)   | Coat of arms of Grenada (en)   |

 |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Take | *Hail Grenada (mul)*  |
|

---

 |
| Kirari |
«Ever Conscious of God We Aspire, Build and Advance as One People» «Винаги със съзнание за Бог, ние се стремим, изграждаме и напредваме като един народ» «Pure Grenada» «Wastad yn Ymwybodol, Dyheuwn, Adeiladwn a Symudwn Ymlaen fel Un Bobl» «Grenada Pur» |
| Suna saboda |
Granada |
| Wuri |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|  ﻿ / ﻿ |

 |
|  |
|  |
|  |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Babban birni |
St. George's |
| Yawan mutane |
| Faɗi |
114,299 (2023) |
| • Yawan mutane |
327.97 mazaunan/km² |
| Harshen gwamnati |
Turanci Turanci na Creole na Grenada |
| Labarin ƙasa |
| Bangare na | Lesser Antilles (en) , Windward Antilles (en)  da European Union tax haven blacklist (en)  |
| Yawan fili |
348.5 km² |
| Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku | Caribbean Sea (en)  |
| Wuri mafi tsayi | Mount Saint Catherine (en)  (840 m) |
| Wuri mafi ƙasa | Caribbean Sea (en)  (0 m) |
| Sun raba iyaka da |
Venezuela
 |
| Bayanan tarihi |
| Mabiyi | West Indies Federation (en)  |
| Ƙirƙira |
1974 |
| Tsarin Siyasa |
| Majalisar zartarwa | Cabinet of Grenada (en)  |
| Gangar majalisa | Parliament of Grenada (en)  |
| • monarch of Grenada (en)  |
Charles III (8 Satumba 2022) |
| • Prime Minister of Grenada (en)  | Dickon Mitchell (en)  (2022) |
| Majalisar shariar ƙoli | Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (en)  |
| Ikonomi |
| Nominal GDP (en)  |
1,122,800,000 $ (2021) |
| Kuɗi | Eastern Caribbean dollar (en)  |
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa |
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | UTC−04:00 (mul)  America/Grenada (mul)  |
| Suna ta yanar gizo | .gd (mul)  |
| Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho |
+1473 |
| Lambar taimakon gaggawa | 911 (en) , 434 (en) , 724 (en)  da 774 (en)  |
|  |
| Lambar ƙasa |
GD |
|  |
| Wasu abun |
|

---

 |
| Yanar gizo |
gov.gd |

Tutar Grenada.
hoton granada
hoton garin granada
**Grenada** ko **Giranada** ƙasa ce, da ke a yankin nahiyar Amurka. Babban birnin ƙasar Grenada shine birnin St. George's ne. Salvador tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita murabba'i 348. Grenada tana da yawan jama'a 111,454, bisa ga jimilla kuma acikin shekara ta 2018. Grenada ƙungiyar tsibirai (tana da tsibirai bakwai) ce a cikin Tekun Karibiyan.

Daga cikin shekara ta 2013, shugaban ƙasar Grenada Cécile La Grenade ce. Firaministan ƙasar Grenada Keith Mitchell ne daga shekara ta 2013.

## Asalin kalma

Asalin sunan "Grenada" yanada rudani, amma yana yiwuwa ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Spain sun sanya sunan tsibirin don birnin Andalusian na Granada.. Sunan "Granada" an rubuta ta taswirar Mutanen Espanya a cikin 1520s kuma ana kiran tsibirin zuwa arewa kamar *Los Granadillos* ("Little Granadas"); ko da yake ana ɗaukar waɗancan tsibiran suna mallakar Sarkin Spain, babu wani bayanan da ke nuna cewa Mutanen Espanya sun taɓa ƙoƙarin daidaita Grenada. Faransawa sun kiyaye sunan (kamar "La Grenade" a cikin Faransanci) bayan zama da mulkin mallaka acikin shekara ta 1649.

## Manazarta

*Wannan Muƙalar **guntuwa** ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.*
# 'Yancin zaɓi

| 'Yancin zaɓi |
| --- |
| philosophical concept (en)  da tunanniyar addini |
|  |
| Bayanai |
| Fuskar | will (en)  |
| Has characteristic (en)  |
Ƴanci |
| Does not have characteristic (en)  | limitation (en)  |

  Mai keken da ke yin tsallen tsalle wanda, bisa ga wasu fassarori, sakamakon yancin zaɓi ne.
**('Yancin zaɓi)** shine ƙarfin ikon zaɓar tsakanin darussa daban-daban na aiki ba tare da tsangwama ba.

Ƴancin son rai yana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da ra’ayoyin alhakin ɗabi’a, yabo, laifi, zunubi, da sauran hukunce-hukuncen da suka shafi ayyukan da aka zaɓa kawai. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da ra'ayoyin nasiha, lallashi, shawara, da kuma hani. A al'adance, kawai ayyukan da aka yarda da su kawai ana ganin su sun cancanci yabo ko zargi. Ko ’yancin zaɓe ya wanzu, me yake da shi da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da ko akwai ko babu su na daga cikin muhawarar falsafa da addini mafi dadewa. Wasu suna tunanin 'yancin zaɓi azaman ikon yin aiki fiye da iyakokin tasirin waje ko buri.

yancin yin zaɓi
Wasu suna ɗaukar 'yancin zaɓe don zama ikon yin zaɓi waɗanda abubuwan da suka faru a baya ba a tantance su ba. Ƙaddamarwa yana nuna cewa hanya ɗaya ce ta al'amuran da ke yiwuwa, wanda bai dace da tsarin 'yanci na 'yancin kai ba. Falsafar Girka ta dā ta gano wannan batu, wanda ya kasance babban abin da ake mayar da hankali kan muhawarar falsafa. Ra'ayin da ke ɗaukar 'yancin kai kamar yadda bai dace da determinism ana kiransa *incompatibilism* kuma ya ƙunshi dukkanin libertarianism na metaphysical (da'awar cewa ƙaddarar ƙarya ce kuma don haka 'yancin kai shine aƙalla zai yiwu) da kuma ƙayyadaddun (da'awar cewa determinism gaskiya ne kuma ta haka ne 'yancin kai ba haka ba ne). mai yiwuwa). Har ila yau, rashin daidaituwa ya ƙunshi rashin daidaituwa mai wuyar gaske, wanda ke riƙe ba kawai ƙaddarawa ba amma har ma da rashin daidaituwa don zama marar dacewa tare da 'yancin kai kuma don haka 'yancin kai ba zai yiwu ba duk abin da ya faru game da ƙaddara.

Sabanin haka, masu jituwa suna ɗauka cewa yancin zaɓi *ya* dace da ƙaddara. Wasu masu jituwa har ma suna ɗauka cewa ƙaddara yana da *mahimmanci* don yancin zaɓi, suna jayayya cewa zaɓin ya haɗa da fifita hanyar aiki ɗaya akan wani, yana buƙatar fahimtar *yadda* zaɓin zai kasance. Compatibilists haka la'akari da muhawara tsakanin libertarians da wuya determinists a kan free nufin vs. determinism wani false dilemma. Masu jituwa daban-daban suna ba da ma'anoni daban-daban na abin da "'yancin zaɓe" ke nufi kuma saboda haka sami nau'ikan ƙuntatawa daban-daban don dacewa da batun. Masu jituwa na gargajiya sun ɗauki 'yancin zaɓe ba kome ba face 'yancin yin aiki, la'akari da wanda ba shi da ikon so kawai idan, *da* wanda ba ya so ya yi in ba haka ba, da mutum *zai iya* yin in ba haka ba ba tare da tawaya ta jiki ba. Masu jituwa na zamani a maimakon haka suna gano 'yancin zaɓe a matsayin ƙarfin tunani, kamar su jagoranci ɗabi'a ta hanyar da ta dace da hankali, kuma har yanzu akwai ƙarin ra'ayoyi daban-daban na 'yancin zaɓe, kowannensu yana da nasa damuwa, raba kawai fasalin gama gari na rashin ganowa. yiwuwar determinism barazana ga yiwuwar 'yancin zaɓe.

## Manazarta