# Mutuwar jarirai

Mutuwar jariri ita ce mutuwar jariri kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta farko.[1] Za'a iya bayyana faruwar Mutuwar jarirai a cikin yawan jama'a ta hanyar mutuwar jarirai (IMR), wanda shine Yawan mutuwar jarirai da ba su kai shekara guda ba a kowace haihuwa 1,000.Hakazalika, Yawan Mutuwar yara, wanda aka fi sani da yawan mutuwar yara 'yan kasa da biyar, yana kwatanta yawan mutuwar yara har zuwa shekaru biyar.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da mace-macen jarirai sun hada da ciwon asphyxia, ciwon huhu, ciwon jarirai, gudawa, zazzabin cizon sauro, kyanda, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, matsalolin haihuwa na lokaci kamar rashin bayyanar da tayin, tsautsayi na cibi, ko tsawan lokaci. Daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke hana mace-mace na jarirai ita ce shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki. Rashin kulawar haihuwa, shan barasa a lokacin daukar ciki, da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi su ma suna haifar da rikice-rikicen da ka iya haifar da mutuwar jarirai. [ba a kasa tantancewa] Yawancin abubuwan da ke faruwa suna haifar da yawan mace-macen jarirai, kamar matakin ilimin mace mai ciki, yanayin muhalli, kayan more rayuwa na siyasa, da matakin tallafin likita. Inganta tsaftar muhalli, samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha, rigakafin kamuwa da cututtuka, da sauran matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a na iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan mace-macen jarirai.

A cikin 1990, jarirai miliyan 8.8 da suka fi shekara guda sun mutu a duniya daga cikin mutuwar yara miliyan 12.6 a ƙarƙashin shekaru biyar. Fiye da kashi 60% na mutuwar yara 'yan kasa da biyar ana ganin za a iya gujewa tare da matakan farashi masu arha kamar ci gaba da shayarwa, allurar rigakafi, da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Adadin mace-mace na kasa da shekaru biyar a duniya a shekarar 1950 ya kai 22.5%, wanda ya sauka zuwa 4.5% a shekarar 2015. A cikin wannan lokacin, yawan mutuwar jarirai ya ragu daga mutuwar 65 ga kowace haihuwa 1,000 zuwa mutuwar 29 ga kowace 1,000.[4] A duniya, yara miliyan 5.4 sun mutu kafin ranar haihuwarsu ta biyar a shekarar 2017; zuwa 2021 wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa yara miliyan 5.

## Rarrabuwa

Yawan mutuwar jarirai (IMR) shine yawan mutuwar kowane haihuwa 1,000 na yara a ƙarƙashin shekara guda. Adadin yankin da aka ba shi shine yawan yara da ke mutuwa a ƙarƙashin shekara guda, an raba su da yawan haihuwar da ke rayuwa a cikin shekara, ninka da 1,000.

Hanyoyin mutuwar jarirai:

Mutuwar haihuwa ita ce mutuwar jariri (makonni 22 daga ciki zuwa haihuwa) ko mutuwar jariri har zuwa mako guda bayan haihuwa.

Mutuwar jarirai shine mutuwar da ke faruwa a cikin kwanaki 28 bayan haihuwa. Sau da yawa ana danganta mutuwar jarirai ga rashin isasshen damar samun kulawa ta asali, a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma bayan haihuwa. Wannan yana da asusun 40-60% na mutuwar jarirai a kasashe masu tasowa.
Mutuwar jarirai ita ce mutuwar yara masu shekaru 29 zuwa shekara guda. Manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga mutuwar jarirai sune rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cututtukan cututtuka, matsalolin ciki, cutar mutuwar jarirai kwatsam,a matsaloli a cikin gida.

## Dalilan da suke Haifar

Dalilan mutuwar jarirai, ko abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa kai tsaye, sun bambanta da gudummawa ga IMR, kamar yadda abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawar ke haifar da haɗarin mutuwa, amma ba sa haifar da mutuwa tsaye. Shingen muhalli da zamantakewa wanda ke hana samun damar samun albarkatun kiwon lafiya na asali yana taimakawa wajen karuwar mutuwar jarirai, kashi 86% na mutuwar jarirai ta haifar da kamuwa da cuta, haihuwa da wuri, rikitarwa yayin haihuwa, asphyxia na haihuwa, da raunin haihuwa. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da su ana iya hana su tare da matakan farashi mai arha. Duk da yake kashi 99% na mutuwar jarirai yana faruwa a kasashe masu tasowa, mafi girman raguwar mutuwar jarirai ya faru ne a kasashe waɗanda suka riga sun sami ƙarancin mutuwar jarirai. A Amurka, tushen farko na hadarin mutuwar jarirai shine nauyin haihuwa na jarirai, tare da ƙananan nauyin haihuwa yana ƙara haɗarin; abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙananan nauyin haihuwar sun haɗa da abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, tunani, halayyar, da muhalli.

## Manazarta