# Harshe na Baltimore

| Harshe na Baltimore |
| --- |
| Dangin harshen | * Harsunan Indo-Turai
	+ Germanic languages (en)
		- West Germanic languages (en)
			* Anglo-Frisian (en)
				+ Anglic (en)
					- Turanci
						* North American English (en)
							+ Turancin Amurka
								- Mid-Atlantic American English (en)
									* Harshe na Baltimore
 |
| Lamban rijistar harshe |
| ISO 639-3 |
– |

Lafazin Baltimore, wanda kuma aka sani da Baltimorese kuma a wasu lokuta ana rubuta Bawlmerese [1] ko Ballimorese, [2] lafazin ko ƙaramin nau'in Delaware Valley Turanci ne ( yare wanda babbar cibiyarsa ita ce Philadelphia ) wanda ya samo asali ne daga mazaunan Baltimore , Maryland, Amurka. Ya kara zuwa yankin Baltimore na birni da arewa maso gabashin Maryland. [3] [4] [5]

A lokaci guda, akwai bambancin harsuna masu yawa a cikin Baltimore, wanda ke rikitar da ra'ayin "Baltimore accent". A cewar masana harsuna, harshen fararen blue-collar Baltimoreans ya bambanta da harshen Ingilishi na Afirka na Amurka na baƙar fata Baltimoreans. Iyalan fararen ma'aikata waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Baltimore zuwa yankunan arewa maso yamma sun kawo furcin gida tare da su.

## Lafazin lafazin

Lafazin Baltimore wanda ya samo asali a tsakanin mazauna farin kwala mai shuɗi yayi kama da shuɗin kwalar Philadelphia-rea lafazin Turanci ta hanyoyi da yawa. Wadannan biranen guda biyu sune kawai manyan tashar jiragen ruwa a Gabashin Tekun Tekun da ba su taɓa yin magana ba a tsakanin masu magana da Amurkawa na Turai; Hiberno-Ingilishi, Ingilishi na Scotland, da Ingilishi na Ƙasar Yamma sun yi tasiri sosai a farkon haɓakarsu. Saboda gagarumin kamanceceniya tsakanin jawaban Baltimore, Philadelphia, Delaware da kudancin New Jersey, masana ilimin zamantakewa suna kiran su gaba ɗaya azaman yaren yankin tsakiyar Atlantika. A cikin lafuzzan Baltimore, suna sauti a kusa da /r/ yawanci ana "lalata" ko kuma a rufe . Misali, kalma kamar *bureau* ana kiranta da /ˈbiroʊ/ (misali, Federal *Beer-o* of Investigation ) kuma ana kiran *madubi* da /mir/ ("zama"); Akwai kuma hadewar mare– magajin gari.

### Wasula

* Wasulan wasali da yawa suna fuskantar gaba . /aʊ / gaba zuwa [ɛɔ] ko [æɔ] . /uː / gaba zuwa [ʉu] . Hakazalika, /oʊ / yana canzawa zuwa [əʊ] ko ma [eʊ] . Lokacin da kalma-ƙarshe kuma aka rubuta as *-ow*, ana kiranta kamar /ə/, yana haifar da kalmomi na magana ko na ban dariya kamar *pila* don *matashin kai* da *taga* don *taga* .
* Babu haɗin gadon da aka kama : Kalmomin *cot* /ɑ/ kuma *kama* /ɔ/ kada ku yi waƙa, tare da wasali na ƙarshe yana riƙe matsayi mai girma. Haka nan, kalmar *wakoki* tare da *wayewar gari* ba *don* .
* Kamar yadda yake a Philadelphia, ana yawan furta kalmar *ruwa* da *itace* [ˈwʊɾɚ] ko, fiye da na musamman, *warter* [ˈwɔɻɾɚ] .
* Kamar yadda yake a yawancin biranen tsakiyar Atlantika, ana kiran <i id="mwfA">gajeriyar</i> a tare da tsaga murya : misali, kalmar *bakin ciki* /sæd/ ba ya magana da kalmar *mahaukaci* /meəd/ . Furuci ya dogara ne akan tsarin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka bambanta daga birni zuwa birni. Baltimore yana bin tsarin Philadelphia. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan tsarin Philadelphia, New York, da Baltimore duba */æ/ kiwon* .

Samfuri:/æ/ raising in North American English

* Ta /ɑr/ wasali a kalmomi kamar *farawa* sau da yawa ana ɗagawa da goyan baya, yana haifar da wasali kusa da /ɔ/ . Hakanan, /ɔr/ kamar a cikin *bore*  na iya matsawa har zuwa /ʊr/ kamar in *boor* . An kuma lura cewa wannan tsari yana faruwa a Philadelphia da New York.
* Ƙirar Kanada tana faruwa don /aɪ / kafin baƙon murya, kamar yadda yake a Philadelphia; alal misali, kalmar *kamar* [ɫʌɪk] tana farawa da babban tsakiya fiye da *rayuwa* [ɫaɪv].
* A gefe guda, /aɪ / na iya yin laushi kafin ruwa, ya zama [ɑ] kafin /r/ kuma /l/ ; misali, ana kiran *wuta* kamar [fɑɻ], a cikin abin da wani mashahurin Baltimore Kirsimeti barkwanci: "Me ya sa aka rufe Uku Masu hikima maza da soot?" "Saboda daga nesa suka zo."
* [ə] sau da yawa ana kawar da gaba ɗaya daga kalma a gaban baƙar fata; misali Annapolis = Naplis, taba = sigari, kamfani = compny, Italiya = Italiya.

## Bambance-bambancen Ba-Amurke

A cewar masana ilimin harshe, yaren "hon" da ya shahara a kafafen yada labarai wanda kuma ya samo asali a tarihi daga jawaban fararen fata mazauna Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Baltimore ba ita ce kawai lafazin da ake magana a yankin ba. Hakanan akwai takamaiman lafazin Baltimore da aka samo a tsakanin Black Baltimoreans: ƙaramin nau'in Ingilishi na Vernacular na Afirka-Amurka .

Misali, a tsakanin masu magana da baki, ana kiran Baltimore kamar "Baldamore" /ˌbɔldəˈmɔr/, idan aka kwatanta da "Bawlmer" /ˈbɔlmər/ . Wasu fitattun sifofi na sauti sun haɗa da daidaita wasula kafin /r/ (kamar kalmomin kamar "ɗaukar" da "iyaye" galibi ana kiran su "curry" ko "purrents", kuma "Haruna ya sami baƙin ƙarfe" na iya zama kamar "Urrun urned an arn urn") da tsakiyar tsakiya na /ɑ/, musamman a cikin kalmar "kare," sau da yawa ana kiranta kamar "dug," da "frog" a matsayin "frug." Lafazin Baltimore na Ba-Amurke, ko kuma bambancinsa, yawancin Ba'amurke Baƙi a duk faɗin Maryland da yankin babban birnin Washington .

## Sanannen masu magana da harshe

### Masu magana na rayuwa

* Judy Agnew – Uwargidan Biyu ta Amurka
* Spiro Agnew – Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka
* Ben Cardin – Sanatan Amurka na Maryland (2007-present)
* Mary Pat Clarke – Matar Majalisar Birnin Baltimore (1975-2020)
* Allahntaka – actor
* Charley Eckman – Kocin NBA kuma alkalin wasa, mai wasan motsa jiki
* Stavros Halkias – ɗan wasan barkwanci
* Mel Kiper Jr. – manazarcin kwallon kafa na ESPN
* Barbara Mikulski – Sanatan Amurka ta Maryland (1987 – 2017)
* Felicia Pearson – actress a *kan Waya*
* Nancy Pelosi – tsohuwar kakakin majalisar wakilai ta Amurka
* Babe Ruth – Gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Famer
* Chip Silverman – marubuci kuma kocin lacrosse
* John Waters – mai yin fim

## Manazarta