# Documentary film

| documentary film |
| --- |
| film genre (en)  |
|  |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | non-fiction film (en)  da documentary (en)  |
| Gudanarwan | mai fim din shirin gaskiya |
| Hannun riga da | fiction film (en)  |

  Bolex "H16" mai raɗaɗin bazara mai tsayi 16 mm kamara - sanannen kyamarar matakin shigarwa da ake amfani da ita a makarantun fina-finai
**Fim ɗin Documentary** ko **Documentary** hoto mai motsi ne wanda ba na almara ba wanda aka yi niyya don "tabbatar da gaskiya, da farko don dalilai na koyarwa, ilimi ko riƙe bayanan tarihi". Bill Nichols ya siffanta daftarin aiki cikin sharuddan "aikin shirya fim, al'adar cinematic, da yanayin liyafar masu sauraro [wanda ya rage] al'ada ba tare da fayyace iyakoki ba".

Fina-finan na farko, wanda ake kira da "fina-finan gaskiya", sun dauki tsawon minti daya ko kasa da haka. A tsawon lokaci, shirye-shiryen rubuce-rubuce sun samu asali don yin tsayi a tsayi, kuma sun haɗa da ƙarin nau'i. Wasu misalan su ne na ilimi, na lura da kuma rubuce-rubuce. Takardun rubuce-rubucen suna da ba da labari sosai, kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin makarantu azaman hanyar koyar da ƙa'idodi daban-daban. Masu shirya fina-finai suna da alhakin kasancewa masu gaskiya ga hangen nesansu na duniya ba tare da bata wani batu da gangan ba.

Kafofin watsa labarun (kamar YouTube) sun ba da hanya don haɓaka nau'in fim ɗin. Wadannan dandamali sun haɓaka yankin rarrabawa da sauƙi-na-amfani.

## Ma'anarsa

 Murfin littafin Bolesław Matuszewski na 1898 *Une nouvelle source de l'histoire.* *(Sabuwar Tushen Tarihi)*, bugu na farko game da aikin daftarin aiki na cinematography.
Marubuci dan kasar Poland kuma mai shirya fina-finai Bolesław Matuszewski na daga cikin wadanda suka gano yanayin fim din. Ya rubuta biyu daga cikin farkon rubutu akan cinema *Une nouvelle source de l'histoire* (Eng. A new source history ) da *La photographie animée* (Eng. Animated photography). Dukansu an buga su a cikin shekarar 1898 a cikin yaren Faransanci kuma daga cikin ayyukan da aka rubuta na farko don yin la'akari da tarihin tarihi da ƙimar fim ɗin. Matuszewski kuma yana cikin masu shirya fina-finai na farko da suka ba da shawarar samar da Taskar Fina-Finai don tattarawa da adana kayan gani.

Mawallafin fim ɗin ɗan ƙasar Scotland John Grierson ne ya ƙirƙira kalmar "rubutun" a cikin nazarin fim ɗin Robert Flaherty *Moana* (1926), wanda aka buga a *New York Sun* a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu 1926, wanda "The Moviegoer" (sunan alkalami na Grierson ya rubuta.).

**Documentary film kenan**
Ka'idodin Grierson na rubuce-rubuce sun kasance cewa za a iya amfani da damar cinema don kallon rayuwa a cikin sabon salon fasaha; cewa ’yan wasan kwaikwayo na “na asali” da “na asali” sun fi takwarorinsu na almara don fassara duniyar zamani; kuma cewa kayan "haka aka karɓa daga ɗanyen" na iya zama ainihin gaske fiye da labarin da aka yi. Game da wannan, ma'anar Grierson na takardun shaida a matsayin "maganin haƙiƙa na gaskiya" ya sami karɓuwa, tare da wannan matsayi a cikin bambanci tare da mai yin fina-finai na Soviet Dziga Vertov ya tsokane shi don gabatar da "rayuwa kamar yadda yake" (wato. rayuwa da aka yi fim ɗin surreptitiously) da kuma "rayuwa ta kama ba tare da sani ba" (rayuwa ta tsokana ko mamakin kyamara).

Mai sukar fim Ba’amurke Pare Lorentz ya bayyana fim ɗin shirin a matsayin "fim na gaskiya wanda yake da ban mamaki." Wasu kuma sun bayyana cewa shirin ya yi fice daga sauran nau’ikan fina-finan da ba na tatsuniyoyi ba wajen bayar da ra’ayi, da wani takamaiman sako, tare da hujjojin da ya gabatar. Masanin kimiyya Betsy McLane ya tabbatar da cewa faifan bidiyo na masu shirya fina-finai ne don su ba da ra'ayoyinsu game da al'amuran tarihi, mutane, da wuraren da suka sami mahimmanci. Don haka, fa'idar rubuce-rubucen ya ta'allaka ne wajen gabatar da sabbin ra'ayoyi waɗanda ƙila ba za su yi yawa ba a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya kamar rubuce-rubucen wallafe-wallafe da tsarin karatun makaranta.

Ayyukan daftarin aiki shine hadadden tsari na ƙirƙirar ayyukan daftarin aiki. Yana nufin abin da mutane suke yi da na'urorin watsa labarai, abun ciki, tsari, da dabarun samarwa don magance matsalolin ƙirƙira, ɗa'a, da ra'ayi da zaɓin da suka taso yayin da suke yin rubuce-rubuce.

Ana iya amfani da faifan fim ɗin azaman nau'in aikin jarida, ba da shawara, ko magana ta sirri.

## Manazarta

 Frame daga ɗayan fina-finan kimiyya na Gheorghe Marinescu (1899).
 Geoffrey Malins tare da kyamarar aeroscope lokacin yakin duniya na daya.