Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Reshen Aiki

| ƙaramar kamfani na |
| --- |
| legal term or legal concept (en)  |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
kamfani, organizational unit (en)  da subsidiary organization (en)  |

company branch
**Reshen aiki** wani reshen kamfani ne wanda iyayen kamfani (wanda zai iya zama kamfani ko ba zai zama kamfani ba) yana gudanar da wani yanki na kasuwancinsa a kaikaice. Yawancin lokaci, ana iya bambanta reshen aiki a cikin cewa ko da kwamitin gudanarwa da jami'anta sun zo tare da na sauran ƙungiyoyi a rukunin kamfanoni guda ɗaya, yana da aƙalla wasu jami'ai da ma'aikata waɗanda ke gudanar da ayyukan kasuwanci da farko a madadin reshen kaɗai ( wato suna aiki kai tsaye ga reshen). Kalmar tana ɗaukar ma'anoni daban-daban dangane da takamaiman mahallin da Kuma masana'antu.

Reshen **da ba ya aiki**, akasin haka, reshe ne wanda ke a rubuce, amma ba shi da wata kadara ko ma'aikatansa don haka ba zai iya aiki da kansa ba a matsayin abin da ya shafi kasuwanci. Don haka kuma, ainihin kasuwancinsa kawai "ayyukan" na iya haɗawa da ma'aikata suna yin kwangila tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin kamfanoni (waɗanda ƙila ko ba su cikin rukunin kamfanoni ɗaya) don aron kadarorinsu ko ma'aikatansu.

## Misalai

Kamfanoni na ƙasa da ƙasa galibi suna gudanar da kasuwanci a ƙasashe da yawa (ciki har da nasu na asali) ta hanyar rassan da aka kafa don takamaiman ƙasashe. Matukar an kiyaye duk ka'idojin doka (don hana bada baraka ga kamfani ), wannan zai iyakance bayyanar da Shugabannin ga tsarin shari'a na gida (daukar nauyi, haraji, da sauransu), tunda ta fuskar cikin gida, shugabanni sune mafiya rinjaye ne kawai. mai hannun jari na kamfani na gida.

A cikin masana'antar banki ta Amurka, kalmar tana nufin wani reshen banki ta inda bankin ya zaɓi gudanar da wani ɓangaren kasuwancinsa na banki a kaikaice (ko kasuwancin da ke da alaƙa kamar inshora). Don hana bankuna ɓoye ainihin tsarin su ko ƙarfin su daga masu gudanarwa, ana buƙatar su ba da sanarwar jama'a game da wasu ma'amaloli tare da wasu rassan da ke aiki.

A cikin masana'antar layin dogo ta kasar Amurka, kalmar tana nufin kamfani wanda ke reshe ne amma yana aiki da ainihin sa da kuma na'ura mai juyi . Sabanin haka, wani reshen da ba ya aiki za a rubuta shi kawai, amma don dalilai na aiki zai yi amfani da asali da kuma kundin shugabannibna kamfanin.

## Manazarta
# Incheon

| Incheon |
| --- |
|  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Flag of Incheon (en)   |   |

 |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Wuri |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|  ﻿ / ﻿ |

 |
|  |
|  |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Koriya ta Kudu |
|  |
|  |
| Yawan mutane |
| Faɗi |
3,049,315 (2025) |
| • Yawan mutane |
2,912.97 mazaunan/km² |
| Harshen gwamnati | Bakoriye |
| Labarin ƙasa |
| Yawan fili |
1,046.807 km² |
| Altitude (en)  |
7 m |
| Sun raba iyaka da | Gyeonggi Province (en)  Seoul
 |
| Bayanan tarihi |
| Ƙirƙira |
1883 |
| Tsarin Siyasa |
| Majalisar zartarwa | Incheon Metropolitan Government (en)  |
| Gangar majalisa | Incheon Metropolitan Council (en)  |
| • Mayor of Incheon (en)  | Paul Yoo (mul)  (1 ga Yuli, 2014) |
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa |
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | UTC+09:00 (mul)  |
|  |
| Lamba ta ISO 3166-2 |
KR-28 |
|  |
| Wasu abun |
|

---

 |
| Yanar gizo |
incheon.go.kr |
|      |

Incheon.
**Incheon** (lafazi : /inecon/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Koriya ta Kudu. Incheon tana da yawan jama'a 3,002,645 bisa ga jimillar 2017. An gina birnin Incheon kafin karni na biyar bayan haifuwan annabi Issa. Shugaban birni Incheon Yoo Jung-bok ne.

## Hotuna

* Nau'in abincin yan birnin mai Suna **Jjolmyeon Wani Jirgin Kasa a birnin
*
* Seohae, Incheon
* Gadar Incheon wadda ake aikin gina ta
* Incheon daga Wolmido

## Manazarta
# Shanghai

| Shanghai |
| --- |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Official symbol (en)  | Magnolia denudata (mul)  |
| Inkiya | 魔都, La Perle de l'Orient, Paris of the East da Pearl of the Orient |
| Wuri |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|  ﻿ / ﻿ |

 |
|  |
|  |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Sin |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Babban birni | Huangpu District (en)  |
| Yawan mutane |
| Faɗi |
24,870,895 (2020) |
| • Yawan mutane |
3,922.24 mazaunan/km² |
| Labarin ƙasa |
| Bangare na | East China (en)  da direct-administered municipality (en)  |
| Yawan fili |
6,341 km² |
| Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku | Suzhou Creek (en) , Yangtze (en) , Huangpu River (en) , East China Sea (en)  da Dianshan Lake (en)  |
| Altitude (en)  |
4 m |
| Wuri mafi tsayi | Mount Dajin (en)  (103 m) |
| Sun raba iyaka da | Jiangsu (en)  Zhejiang (en)  Suzhou (en)  Jiaxing (en)  |
| Bayanan tarihi |
| Mabiyi | Shang-hai (en)  |
| Ƙirƙira |  **751**:  Qinglongzhen Site (en)   **1292**:  Shanghai County (en)   **7 ga Yuli, 1927**:  Shang-hai (en)  |
| Muhimman sha'ani | Expo 2010 Shanghai China (en)  (2010)

 |
| Tsarin Siyasa |
| Majalisar zartarwa | Shanghai Municipal People's Government (en)  |
| Gangar majalisa | Shanghai People's Congress (en)  |
| • Mayor of Shanghai (en)  | Gong Zheng (en)  (23 ga Maris, 2020) |
| Ikonomi |
| Nominal GDP (en)  |
3,870,060,000,000 ¥ (2020) |
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa |
| Lambar aika saƙo |
200000 |
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | UTC+08:00 (mul)  |
| Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho |
21 |
|  |
| Lamba ta ISO 3166-2 |
CN-SH da CN-31 |
|  |
| Wasu abun |
|

---

 |
| Yanar gizo |
shanghai.gov.cn |

Shanghai.
Shanghai
**Shanghai** (lafazi : /shanghayi/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Sin. Shanghai ya na da yawan jama'a 24,500,000, bisa ga jimillar 2013. An gina birnin Shanghai a ƙarni na takwas bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.

*Wannan Muƙalar **guntuwa** ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.*
## Hotuna

*
* Dogayen gine-gine a Shanghai
* Hasumiyar Orient Pear
* Tianzhutang
* Jin Mao
* Otal na Shanghai
# Ilimi na kwamfuta

| Ilimi na kwamfuta |
| --- |
|
Ilimin karatu |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | skill (en)  da Ilimi na dijital |
| Fuskar | computational thinking (en)  |

**Ilimin lissafi** kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don bayyana ikon da za a iya amfani da tunanin lissafi da wayar da kan jama'a game da kewayon, iyaka da iyakokin dabarun lissafi. Ya bambanta da ikon yin lissafin lissafi da hannu, a maimakon haka yana tsammanin cewa kwamfutoci za su yi ainihin lissafi.

Wani jagora na ilimin lissafi, Conrad Wolfram ya bayyana bambancin kamar yadda "Ilimin lissafi da aka koyar a duniya a yau bai dace da yadda ake amfani da shi a cikin duniyar gaskiya ba. Fasahar lissafi ta fi samuwa fiye da kowane lokaci, amma babu wani tsarin karatu a duniya da ya ɗauka cewa wanzu. Maimakon haka, an mayar da hankali kan injiniyoyin lissafi na hannu, maimakon ainihin lissafi na duniya". Andrea diSessa ya bayyana cewa "kwamfutoci na iya canza ilmantarwa".

## Tasirin

Wolfram has argued that "to achieve stable societies, because enfranchisement requires a good level of computational literacy" and has argued for the introduction of computational literacy qualifications. Sharin Jacob of the University of California says that "Today’s students will enter a workforce that is powerfully shaped by computing. To be successful in a changing economy, students must learn to think algorithmically and computationally"

Ayyuka a Cibiyar Ci gaban Ilimi sun nuna nasarar bunkasa ilimin lissafi a matakin makarantar sakandare.

## Dubi kuma

* Tunanin lissafi
* Karatun karatu da rubutu

## Manazarta
# Dick da Jane

| *Dick da Jane* |
| --- |
| Asali |
| Characteristics |
|  |

Dick da Jane sune manyan mutane biyu da Zerna Sharp ya kirkira don jerin masu karatu da William S. Gray ya rubuta don koya wa yara karatu. Harafin ya fara bayyana a cikin Elson-Gray Readers a cikin 1930 kuma ya ci gaba a cikin jerin littattafai masu zuwa ta hanyar sigar ƙarshe a cikin 1965. An yi amfani da waɗannan masu karatu a cikin aji a Amurka da sauran ƙasashe masu magana da Ingilishi kusan kusan shekaru arba'in, sun kai ga girman shahararsu a cikin shekarun 1950, lokacin da kashi 80 cikin 100 na ɗaliban aji na farko a Amurka suka yi amfani da su. Kodayake ana ci gaba da sayar da jerin Dick da Jane har zuwa 1973 kuma sun kasance ana amfani da su a wasu ɗakunan ajiya a cikin shekarun 1970s, an maye gurbinsu da wasu matani na karatu a cikin shekarun 1980s kuma a hankali sun ɓace daga tsarin karatun makaranta.

An san jerin Dick da Jane da rubutun labaran su masu sauƙi da zane-zane na ruwa. Ga ƙarni na Amurkawa masu matsakaicin matsayi, haruffa na "Dick", "Jane", da ƙanwarsu "Sally" sun zama kalmomin gida. Dick da Jane primers sun zama gumakan al'adun Amurka na tsakiyar karni da abubuwan tarawa.

Dick da Jane primers sun koyar da karatu da kuma dabi'un Amurka na tsakiya ga yara masu zuwa makaranta. Labaran sun bayyana rayuwar da abubuwan da suka faru na Amurka mai tsakiya, fararen iyali a cikin gidansu na kewayen gari. "Mahaifin" ya sa kaya, ya yi aiki a ofis, ya yanke ciyawa, kuma ya wanke mota. "Mahaifiyar" ta zauna a gida, ta yi aikin gida, kuma ta tayar da yara. "Dick", babba daga cikin yara uku na iyali, yana aiki kuma yana da hali mai kyau; "Jane", yaro na tsakiya, yana da kyau kuma ba shi da damuwa. Ta kuma taimaka wajen kula da "Sally", jaririn iyali.

## Littattafan da aka buga a cikin jerin
# Rashin jituwa

| Rashin jituwa |
| --- |
|  |
| Description (en)  |
| Iri |
reading disorder and écrites disorder (en) , language disorder (en) , learning disability (en)  cuta |
| Field of study (en)  |
neuropsychology (en)  pediatrics (en)  |
| Sanadi |
Ciwon Kwayoyin Halitta |
| Symptoms and signs (en)  |
reading disorder and écrites disorder (en)  |
| Physical examination (en)  |
functional magnetic resonance imaging (en)  |
| Genetic association (en)  |
PCSK6 (en)  |
| Identifier (en)  |
| ICD-10-CM |
R48.0 |
| OMIM |
300509, 600202, 604254, 606616, 606896 da 608995 |
| DiseasesDB |
4016 |
| MedlinePlus |
001406 |
| eMedicine |
001406 |
| MeSH |
D004410 |
| Disease Ontology ID |
DOID:4428 |

A cikin ilmin lissafi, diffiety (/dəˈfaɪəˌtiː/) abu ne na lissafi wanda ke taka rawa iri ɗaya a cikin ka'idar zamani na ƙididdigar bambancin bambance-bambance waɗanda nau'ikan algebraic ke taka leda don ƙididdigaren algebraic, wato, don ƙayyade sararin mafita ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa. Alexander Mikhailovich Vinogradov ne ya kirkiro kalmar a shekarar 1984 a matsayin portmanteau daga bambancin bambanci.

## Ma'anar fahimta

A cikin lissafin lissafi manyan abubuwa na binciken (nau'o'i) suna tsara sararin mafita na tsarin lissafin lissafin lissafa (watau sifili na saitin polynomials), tare da duk "sakamakon lissafi". Wannan yana nufin cewa, yin amfani da ayyukan algebraic ga wannan saiti (misali ƙara waɗannan polynomials zuwa juna ko ninka su tare da kowane polynomial) zai haifar da wannan sifili. A wasu kalmomi, mutum na iya la'akari da sifili na algebraic manufa wanda aka samar da saitin farko na polynomials.

Lokacin da ake hulɗa da daidaitattun bambance-bambance, ban da yin amfani da ayyukan algebraic kamar yadda yake a sama, mutum yana da zaɓi don rarrabe daidaitattun farawa, samun sabbin ƙuntatawa na bambance-mbance. Sabili da haka, bambancin analog na iri-iri ya kamata ya zama sararin mafita na tsarin daidaitattun bambance-bambance, tare da duk "sakamakon bambance-mbance". Maimakon la'akari da sifili na algebraic manufa, mutum yana buƙatar yin aiki tare da bambancin manufa.

Saboda haka, **babban bambanci** zai ƙunshi *tsawaitawa mara iyaka* WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 na lissafi mai bambanci WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2 , tare da ƙarin tsari da aka samar ta hanyar rarrabawa ta musamman. Matsalolin farko suna taka rawa iri ɗaya a cikin ka'idar daidaiton bambance-bambance kamar yadda nau'ikan algebra suke yi a cikin ka'idar daidaiton algebra. Saboda haka, kamar yadda nau'ikan ko tsare-tsare suka ƙunshi nau'ikan affine marasa sassauƙa ko tsare-tsaren affine, ana bayyana **bambanci** (wanda ba na farko ba) a matsayin abu wanda *a gida yake kama da* bambanci na farko.

## Ma'anar tsari

Ma'anar tsari na diffiety, wanda ya dogara da tsarin lissafi ga daidaitattun bambance-bambance da mafita, yana buƙatar ra'ayoyin jet na submanifolds, tsawo, da rarraba Cartan, waɗanda aka tunatar da su a ƙasa.

### Yankin jet na submanifolds

## Manazarta
# Haruffan Latin na Yukren

| Haruffan Latin na Yukren  |
| --- |
|  |
| Type | writing system (en)  |
| Languages |
Harshan Ukraniya |
| Parent systems | * Hotunan Masar
	+ Proto-Sinaitic (en)
		- Phoenician script (en)
			* Greek alphabet (en)
				+ Old Italic (en)
					- Baƙaƙen boko
						* Haruffan Latin na Yukren
 |

Haruffan Latin na Yukren shine nau'in Rubutun Latin da aka yi amfani da shi don rubuce-rubuce, rubutun fassara, da sake fassaran rubutun Ukrainian.

An gabatar da haruffan Latin ko kuma an sanya su sau da yawa a tarihi a Ukraine, amma bai taɓa maye gurbin haruffa Cyrillic na kasar Yukren ba.

## Bakake

An rubuta harshen Yukren na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin Rubutun Cyrillic a cikin al'adar da ta samo asali tun daga gabatar da Kiristanci da Tsohon Ikilisiyar Slavonic ga Kievan Rus'. An kawo shawarwari da yawa don amfani da haruffan Latin, idan kuwa ba'a yi yunkurin tursasasu ba saboda dalilai na siyasa, a sau da yawa an so yin amfani da dabaru na siyasa, amma ba'a taba amincewa da su ba, duk da cewa akwai wasu sabbin yunkuri don kirkirar haruffan Latin a hukumance don Yukren daga intelligentsia ta kasa.

Duk da yake yana kama da haruffan Latin, fassarar rubutun Yukren daga Cyrillic zuwa rubutun Latin (ko *Romanization*) yawanci ba shi don asalin 'yan kasa ba, kuma ana iya tsara shi don wasu bukatun ilimi ko ƙuntatawa na fasaha.

Gidan yanar gizon Mozilla Add-ons ya buga sabon *Ukrajinsjka Latynka* don fassara rubutun Yukren daga Cyrillic zuwa rubutun Latin a shafukan yanar gizo.

## Tarihi

Shafin farko na littafin "Ruskoje wesile" (Ruthenian wedding, 1835) na Yosyp Lozynskyi wanda shine gabatarwar haruffa Latin don harshen Ruthenian (Ukrainian).

**Harshen Latin na Ukrainian: Abecadło (wani littafin yammacin Ukrainian, c. 1900s 1900s)**|  |
| A a | B b | C c | Ć ć | Ts Ts Ts | Ch ch | D d | D́ d́ | E da |
| A kuma | B | C. | Yanayi mara kyau | Ч ч | H x | D da | Ranar rana | Ya kasance |
|  |
| F f | G g | H h | I da | J j | K k | L | Ł ł | M m |
| F | Ґ da kuma | G | І і | Y ya | K zuwa | Lire | Ll | M M |
|  |
| N n | Ya kasance mai suna | Ya o | P p | R r | Sanya | S s | Ś ś | Sz Sz Sz |
| A'a da | NNN | Game da | P | R | Rashin ruwa | Daga | Si shi ne | Sh. |
|  |
| Szcz szcz | T t | T́ t́ | U u | W w | Kuma da | Z z | Gasa Zafin | Ż ż |
| Щ щ | T. | Duhu | Yana da shi | A cikin | Kuma da | Z Z | Zuwa da kuma | JI |
|  |

*Wannan Muƙalar **guntuwa** ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.*

## Manazarta

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# Jerin kasashen

| Ƙasashen Duniya |
| --- |
| jerin maƙaloli na Wikimedia |

|  |
| --- |
| Top - 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |

kasashen Afirka
## A

Afghanistan - Afirka ta kudu - Albaniya - Aljeriya - Amurka (Majalisar Jihohin) - Andorra - Angola - Antigua da Barbuda - Argentina - Armeniya - Aruba - Asturaliya - Austriya - Azerbaijan

## B

Bahamas - Baharain - Bangladash - Barbados - Belarus - Belize - Beljik - Benin - Bermuda - Bhutan - Birtaniya (Majalisar Mulki) - Bolibiya - Bosniya da Herzegovina - Botswana - Brazil - Brunei - Bulgairiya - Burkina faso - Burundi

## C

Cadi - Chile (Cile) - Colombia - Costa Rica - Côte d'Ivoire (Gabar ta hauren) - Cuba - Cyprus (Kubrus)

## D

Denmark - Dominika - Jamhuriyar Dominika

## E

Ecuador (Ekwado) - Ginen Ekweita - El Salvador - Eritrea - Ethiopia (Habasha)

## F

Falasdinu - Faransa - Tsibiran ta Faroe - Fiji - Filipin (Filifin) - Finland

## G

Gabon - Gambiya - Ghana - Gine - Gine Bisau - Girka - Grenada - Guatemala - Guyana

## H

Haiti - Holand (Netherland/Netherlandiya) - Honduras - Hungariya

## I

Iceland (Island) - Indiya - Indonesiya - Iran - Irak - Ireland - Isra'ila - Istoniya - Italiya

## J

Jamaika - Jamus - Japan - Jibuti - Georgia - Jordan (Urdun)

## K

Kambodiya - Kameru - Kanada - Cabo Verde - Kazakystan - Kazech - Kenya - Kiribati - Komoros - Koriya ta Arewa - Koriya ta Kudu - Kroatiya - Kuwait - Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango - Jamhuriyar Kwango - Kyrgystan

## L

Laitfiya - Laos - Lebanon - Lesotho - Liberiya - Libya - Liechtenstein - Lithuania (Lithuaniya) - Luksamburg

## M

Madagaskar - Malawi - Maldives (Maladewa) - Maleziya (Malaysiya) - Mali - Malta - Mangolia (Mongoliya) - Tsibiran ta Marshall - Masadoiniya ta Arewa - Mauritius - Mexico - Jihohin Tarayyan Mikronesiya - Misra - Moldova - Monaco (Monako) - Montenegro - Marokko - Mozambik - Muritaniya (Mauritaniya) - Myanmar

## N

Namibiya - Nauru - Nepal - Nijar - Nijeriya - Nikaragua - Niue - Norway

## O

Oman

## P

Pakistan - Palau - Panama - Papua Sabuwar Gini - Paraguay - Peru - Poland - Portugal - Puerto Rico (Porto Riko)

## Q

Qatar

## R

Rasha - Romainiya - Rwanda

## S

New Zealand - Saint Kitts da Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent da Grenadine - Samoa - San Marino - Sao Tome da Principe - Saudiyya - Senegal - Serbiya - Seychelles - Sierra Leone - Sin (Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin) - Singafora - Siriya - Slofakiya - Sloveniya - Somaliya - Spaniya (Asbaniya/Espaniya) - Sri Lanka - Sudan - Sudan ta kudu - Tsibiran ta Sulemanu - Suriname - Swaziland - Sweden - Switzerland

## T

Taiwan (Jamhuriyar Sin) - Tajikistan - Tanzaniya - Taraiyar larabawa (Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa) - Thailand - Timor-Leste (Timor ta Gabas) - Togo - Tonga - Trinidad da Tobago - Jamhuriyar afirka ta tsakiya - Tunisiya - Turkiyya - Turkmenistan - Tuvalu

## U

Uganda - Ukraniya - Uruguay - Uzbekistan

## V

Vanuatu - Vatican (Vatikan) - Venezuela - Vietnam

## Y

Yemen

## Z

Zambiya - Zimbabwe - Zirin Gaza
# Harbin

| Harbin |
| --- |
| 哈尔滨 (zh) |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Wuri |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|  ﻿ / ﻿ |

 |
|  |
|  |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Sin |
| Province of China (en)  | Heilongjiang (en)  |
|  |
|  |
| Babban birnin | Heilongjiang (en)  (1954–) Pinkiang (en)   |
|

---

 |
| Babban birni | Songbei District (en)  |
| Yawan mutane |
| Faɗi |
10,009,854 (2020) |
| • Yawan mutane |
188.59 mazaunan/km² |
| Labarin ƙasa |
| Bangare na | Heilongjiang (en)  |
| Yawan fili |
53,076.48 km² |
| Altitude (en)  |
150 m-118 m |
| Bayanan tarihi |
| Wanda ya samar | Nikolay Sviyagin (en)  |
| Ƙirƙira |
1898 |
| Tsarin Siyasa |
| Gangar majalisa | Q106967276  |
| • Gwamna | Wang Hesheng (en)  (Mayu 2024) |
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa |
| Lambar aika saƙo |
150000 |
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | UTC+08:00 (mul)  |
| Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho |
0451 |
| Wasu abun |
|

---

 |
| Yanar gizo |
harbin.gov.cn |

Hoton birnin Harbin a shekara ta 2010.
Harbin
Harbin
Harbin
**Harbin** (lafazi : /harbin/) birni ne, da ke a Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar Sin. Harbin yana da yawan jama'a 5,115,000, bisa ga jimillar 2010. An gina birnin Harbin a karni na sha biyu bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.

Cibiyar fasaha, da ke a Harbin
## Hotuna

* Harbin
* Hedkwatar wata ma'aikata a birnin
* Birnin Harbin
* Harbin
* Jama'a na wal-wala a birnin
* Harbin Chaina
* Wani nau'in abincin mazauna birnin
* Birnin Harbin, an dauki hoton daga Sama
* Harbin
* Tashar jirgin Ruwa ta birnin

## Manazarta
# Harshen Basay

| Harshen Basay |
| --- |
| Dangin harshen | * Austronesian (en)
	+ Harsunan Formosan
		- Harsunan Formosan na Gabas
			* Harshen Basay
 |
| Lamban rijistar harshe |
| ISO 639-3 | `byq` |
| Glottolog | `basa1287` |

Harshen Basay
wurin taron yaren basey
taswirar harshen
**Basay,** yaren Formosan ne da jama'ar Basay, Qauqaut, da Trobiawan ke magana a kusa da Taipei na zamani a arewacin Taiwan . Trobiawan, Linaw, da Qauqaut wasu yaruka ne ( *duba harsunan Gabashin Formosan* ).

Ana samun bayanan Basay galibi daga bayanan bayanan filin Erin Asai na shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da talatin da shida 1936, waɗanda aka tattara daga, wani tsoho mai magana na Basay a Shinshe, Taipei, da kuma wani a Yilan wanda ke magana da yaren Trobiawan (Li 1999). Duk da haka, jawabin mai ba da labari na Shinshe ya sami rinjaye sosai daga mutanen Taiwan, kuma mai ba da labari na Trobiawan, mai suna Ipai, yana da tasiri mai yawa na Kavalan a cikin jawabinta.

Li (1992) ya ambaci harsunan Basaic guda huɗu: Basay, Luilang, Nankan, Puting. Nankan da Puting suna kusa da Kavalan, yayin da Luilang ya bambanta.

## Daidaitawa

Akwai alamomin shari'a guda huɗu na zaɓi a cikin Basay (Li 1999:646).

* a - nominative, ligature (Yaren Shinshe)
* ta – nominative (Yaren Trobiawan)
* li – wuri (Yaren Shinshe)
* u – oblique (Yaren Trobiawan)

Wasu kalmomin aiki sun haɗa da (Li 1999):

* pai 'nan gaba'

Masu adawa da Trobiawan sun haɗa da (Li 1999):

* mia 'not' ( yaren Shinshe: mayu 'not ( tukuna)')
* asi 'don't' (Yaren Shinshe: manai 'don't')
* (m) ba don so ba
* (Yaren Shinshe: kualau 'babu wanzu')

Ee–babu alamar tambaya ta *u ~ nu* (Li 1999:657).

## Ilimin Halitta

Basay fi'ili, kamar Kavalan fi'ili, bambanta tsakanin wakili-focus (AF) da haƙuri-mayar da hankali (PF) fi'ili (Li 1999:650). Cikakken prefixes na- da ni- sune allomorphs .

Basay Focus System| Nau'in prefix | tsaka tsaki | Cikakke | Nan gaba |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Agent mayar da hankali (AF) | - ku-, m- | na-mi- | - ku-... - a, mun-... -a |
| Mayar da hankali ga marasa lafiya (PF) | - | ni- | -au |
| Locative mayar da hankali (LF) | - wani | ni-... - wani | - ai |

## Karin magana

Kalmomin Basay na ƙasa sun fito ne daga Li (1999:639).

Basay Personal Pronouns|  | tsaka tsaki | Nadinawa | Genitive | Oblique |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mutum na 1 | guda ɗaya | yaku | ku, ku | maku-, -aku; naku, -ak | kuan, kuan, kuan |
| jam'i | ban da. | yami | -mi | yami, -ami; ina, -am | yamian, mun, minan |
| hada da | mita | kita, -ita | mita, -ita; nita, ta | ... ,... , tinan |
| Mutum na 2 | guda ɗaya | isu | ku, -su | misu, -su; nisu, -su ~ -shi | shekaru, suan, shekaru |
| jam'i | imu | ku, -mu | -imu; nimu, -im | imani,... , imani |
| Mutum na 3 | guda ɗaya | - | - ina | - | - |
| jam'i | - | - ina | - | - |

## Nassoshi

### Bayanan kula

### Gabaɗaya nassoshi

*
*

## Kara karantawa

* Empty citation (help)

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* ABVD: Basai/Laurent Sagart
* ABVD: Basay/Paul Jen-kuei Li (李壬癸)
# Harshen Bahau

| Harshen Bahau |
| --- |
|
Bahau |
| Dangin harshen | * Austronesian (en)
	+ Dayak (en)
		- Barito (en)
			* Mahakam (en)
				+ Harshen Bahau
 |
| Lamban rijistar harshe |
| ISO 639-3 | `bhv` |
| Glottolog | `baha1257` |

**Bahau** (Kajan) yare ne na Kayanic na Borneo .

## Haɗin waje
# Harshe na Kanowit

| Harshe na Kanowit |
| --- |
| Dangin harshen | * Austronesian (en)
	+ Malayo-Polynesian (en)
		- Harshe na Kanowit
 |
| Lamban rijistar harshe |
| ISO 639-3 | `kxn` |
| Glottolog | `kano1244` |

Harshen **Kanowit**, wanda kuma ake kira **Serau Tet Kanowit** (harshe na mutanen Kanowit), yare ne na ƙasar Austronesian da ake magana a Sarawak, Malaysia a tsibirin Borneo . Yana da fahimtar juna tare da harshen **Tanjong** (wanda ake kira *Tanjung*), wanda ake magana har ma da kogin kusa da garin Kapit. Tanjong na iya zama yare daban daga Kanowit. Koyaya, harsuna biyu a halin yanzu suna da sunan *kxn* a cikin ISO 639-3 . Ana magana da Kanowit da farko a Kampung Bedil, ƙauyen da ke kusa da mil ɗaya daga Kogin Rajang daga Garin Kanowit.

## Kalmomin kalmomi

Wasu ƙamus na Kanowit da aka fassara zuwa Turanci:

| Kanowit | Turanci |
| --- | --- |
| Baha | 'shinkafa mai laushi', 'tsuntsu' |
| Balak | 'banana' |
| buyaʔ | 'saboda' |
| kapan | 'mai kauri' |
| Kayan aiki | 'Mutuwa' |
| lakəy | 'tsohon (shekaru) ' |
| Matattu | 'mai kaifi' |
| Mutanen da ke cikin gida | 'barci' |
| Mərəw | 'mace' |
| musuŋ | 'saki', 'baki' |
| nəlabaw | 'duba' |
| ñaga | 'don dafa' |
| Fassara | 'Goma' |
| sak | 'ja', 'ya cika' |
| sidəp | 'Yana wuta' |
| supat | 'ya kumbura' |
| Ta'aziya | 'Rhinoceros hornbill' |
| Taunawan | 'mutum' |
| tigah | ' madaidaiciya' |
| ubaʔ | 'kalma' |
| Ubaru | 'Mutumin' |

## Manazarta
# Harshen Kuijau

| Harshen Kuijau |
| --- |
| Dangin harshen | * Harshen Kuijau
 |
| Lamban rijistar harshe |
| ISO 639-3 | `dkr` |
| Glottolog | `kuij1237` |

**Kuijau** (Kuiyow), wanda aka fi sani da Hill Dusun, yare ne na Austronesian na Sabah, Malaysia .

## Manazarta