# Mark Oliphant

|  Mark Oliphant |
| --- |
|  |
|

|  27. Governor of South Australia (en)  |
| --- |

 1 Disamba 1971 - 30 Nuwamba, 1976 ← James Harrison (gwamnan Australiya) - Douglas Nicholls (en)  → |
| Rayuwa |
| Haihuwa |
Adelaide, 8 Oktoba 1901 |
| ƙasa |
Asturaliya Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni |
Government House (en)  Hughes (en)  |
| Mutuwa |
Kanberra, 14 ga Yuli, 2000 |
| Makwanci |
Ascension Parish Burial Ground (en)  |
| Karatu |
| Makaranta | University of Adelaide (en)  1922) : physics (en)  University of Cambridge (en)  Makarantar Sakandare ta Unley |
| Thesis director |
Ernest Rutherford (mul)  |
| Dalibin daktanci |
Ernest William Titterton (en)  Ian Stuart Falconer (mul)  Darcy Walker (mul)  |
| Harsuna |
Turanci |
| Sana'a |
| Sana'a |
physicist (en) , gwamna da nuclear physicist (en)  |
|

Mahalarcin
* Manhattan Project (en)
 |
| Employers | University of Birmingham (mul)  Australian National University (en)  University of Adelaide (en)  |
| Kyaututtuka |

gani
* Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire  (1 ga Janairu, 1959) Hughes Medal  (1943) Rutherford Medal and Prize  (1946) Faraday Medal  (1948) Royal Society Bakerian Medal  (1955) James Cook Medal  (1974) ANZAAS Medal  (1979) Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science  (1953)  Companion of the Order of Australia  (26 ga Janairu, 1977) Royal Society Bakerian Medal Australian National Living Treasure Matthew Flinders Medal and Lecture  (1961) Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi
 |
| Ayyanawa daga |

gani
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics (en) ]] (1956)
 |
| Wanda ya ja hankalinsa |
Ernest Rutherford (mul)  |
| Mamba |
The Royal Society (mul)  Australian Academy of Science (mul)  |
| Imani |
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Australian Democrats (en)  Australia Party (en)  |

**Sir Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant**, wanda aka fi sani da **Mark Oliphant** (8 ga Oktoba 1901 - 14 ga Yuli 2000), masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne kuma mai taimakon jama'a na Australiya wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwajin farko na haɗakar makaman nukiliya da kuma haɓaka makaman nukiliya.

An haife shi kuma ya girma a Adelaide, Kudancin Australia, Oliphant ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Adelaide a 1922. An ba shi kyautar Binciken Nuni na 1851 a 1927 a kan ƙarfin binciken da ya yi akan mercury, kuma ya tafi Ingila inda ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Sir Ernest Rutherford a Jami'ar Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory. A can, ya gano ƙwayoyin helium-3 (helions) da tritium (tritons). Ya kuma gano cewa lokacin da suka yi hulɗa da juna, barbashi da aka saki suna da makamashi fiye da yadda suka fara. An saki makamashi daga cikin tsakiya, kuma ya fahimci cewa wannan sakamakon haɗin nukiliya ne.

Oliphant ya bar Laboratory na Cavendish a 1937 don ya zama Farfesa na Poynting na Physics a Jami'ar Birmingham. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya gina cyclotron na inci 60 (150 a jami'ar, amma an jinkirta kammala shi ta hanyar barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a Turai a 1939. Ya shiga cikin ci gaban Radar, yana jagorantar rukuni a Jami'ar Birmingham wanda ya hada da John Randall da Harry Boot. Sun kirkiro sabon tsari mai ban sha'awa, cavity magnetron, wanda ya sa radar na microwave ya yiwu. Oliphant kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Kwamitin MAUD, wanda ya ba da rahoton a watan Yulin 1941, cewa bam din nukiliya ba kawai zai yiwu ba, amma ana iya samar da shi tun farkon 1943. Oliphant ya taimaka wajen yada kalmar wannan binciken a Amurka, don haka ya fara abin da ya zama Manhattan Project. Daga baya a cikin yakin, ya yi aiki a ciki tare da abokinsa Ernest Lawrence a Laboratory na radiation a Berkeley, California, yana haɓaka rabuwa ta isotope na lantarki, wanda ya samar da ɓangaren fissile na bam din nukiliya na Little Boy da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin fashewa bam na nukiliya a Hiroshima a watan Agusta 1945.

Bayan yakin, Oliphant ya koma Ostiraliya a matsayin darektan farko na Makarantar Bincike ta Kimiyya da Injiniya a sabuwar Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia (ANU), inda ya fara zane da kuma gina janareta mafi girma a duniya (500 megajoule). Ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1967, amma an nada shi Gwamna na Kudancin Australia bisa ga shawarar Firayim Minista, Don Dunstan . Ya zama gwamnan farko da aka haifa a Kudancin Australia na Kudancin Ostiraliya. Ya taimaka wajen kafa jam'iyyar siyasa ta Australian Democrats kuma ya kasance shugaban taron a Melbourne a 1977 inda aka kaddamar da jam'iyyar. Daga baya a rayuwarsa ya ga matarsa, Rosa, ta sha wahala kafin mutuwarta a 1987, kuma ya zama mai ba da shawara ga euthanasia ta son rai. Ya mutu a Canberra a shekara ta 2000.

## Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1901 a Kent Town, wani yanki na Adelaide . Mahaifinsa shi ne Harold George "Baron" Olifent, Ma'aikacin gwamnati ne tare da Sashen Injiniya da Ruwa na Kudancin Australia kuma malami na ɗan lokaci a fannin tattalin arziki tare da Kungiyar Ilimi ta Ma'aikata. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Beatrice Edith Fanny Oliphant, née Tucker, mai zane-zane. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Marcus Clarke, marubucin Australiya, da Laurence Oliphant, matafiyi na Burtaniya kuma mai ban mamaki. Yawancin mutane suna kiransa "Mark"; wannan ya zama hukuma lokacin da aka ba shi daraja a shekarar 1959.

Yana da 'yan'uwa maza huɗu: Roland, Keith, Nigel da Donald; duk an yi rajista a lokacin haihuwa tare da sunan mai suna Olifent. Kakansa, Harry Smith Olifent, ya kasance magatakarda a Adelaide GPO. Kakansa James Smith Olifent da matarsa Eliza sun bar asalin su Kent zuwa Kudancin Australia a cikin jirgin ruwa na Ruby, sun isa a watan Maris na shekara ta 1854. Daga baya za a nada shi mai kula da asibitin Adelaide Destitute, kuma an nada Eliza Olifent a matsayin matron na kafa a shekara ta 1865.[1] Iyayen Oliphant sun kasance Theosophists, kuma saboda haka suna iya guje wa cin nama. Ya zama Mai cin ganyayyaki na dindindin yayin da yake yaro, bayan ya ga kisan aladu a gona.[1] An gano shi gaba ɗaya kurma ne a kunne ɗaya kuma yana buƙatar tabarau don mummunan astigmatism da gajeren gani.[1]

## Cibiyar Nazarin Cavendish

A cikin 1925, Oliphant ya ji jawabin da masanin kimiyyar New Zealand Sir waya-linkid="327" href="./Ernest\_Rutherford" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford ya bayar, kuma ya yanke shawarar cewa yana so ya yi aiki a gare shi - burin da ya cika ta hanyar samun matsayi a Laboratory na Cavendish a Jami'ar Cambridge a 1927. Ya nemi tallafin karatu na baje kolin 1851 a kan ƙarfin binciken da ya yi akan mercury tare da Burdon. Ya zo tare da alawus na rayuwa na £ 250 a kowace shekara (daidai da AUD $ 45,000 a 2022). Lokacin da labarin ya zo cewa an ba shi kyauta, sai ya yi amfani da Rutherford da Trinity College, Cambridge. Dukansu sun yarda da shi.

Cibiyar gwaje-gwaje ta Cavendish ita ce gidan wasu manyan abubuwan da aka gano a kimiyyar lissafi. Duke na Devonshire ne ya kafa shi a 1874 (Cavendish shine sunan danginsa), kuma farfesa na farko shi ne James Clerk Maxwell .
Gidan gwaje-gwaje na Sir Ernest Rutherford, 1926
## Jami'ar Birmingham

Ginin Poynting Physics (dama) a Jami'ar Birmingham . Yanayin gininsa ya taimaka wajen haifar da kalmar nan "jami'ar jan bulo".
Anode na asalin rami magnetron wanda John Randall da Harry Boot suka kirkira a Jami'ar Birmingham
Babbar hanyar tseren Alpha I a Y-12 National Security Complex a Oak Ridge, Tennessee, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don rabuwa da wutar lantarki.
Oliphant (hagu) tare da Ernest Orlando Lawrence da 184-inch cyclotron a karkashin gini a Berkeley a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1941
Jami'ar Birmingham - Ginin Physics na Poynting - takardar shuɗi
A lokacin taron kwana biyu kan "Atomic Power in Australia" a Jami'ar Fasaha ta New South Wales, Sydney, wanda ya fara a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 1954, Oliphant (hagu), Homi Jehangir Bhabha (tsakiya) da Philip Baxter (dama) sun hadu a kan kofin shayi
Oliphant (hagu) tare da darektan Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Edwin McMillan a watan Satumbar 1965
Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Australiya - The Shine Dome a Canberra
## Kyauta

Ragowar janareta na 500 MJ a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia
* Memorials to Mark Oliphant
* Statue on North Terrace, Adelaide
* Text on the statue
* Plaque on the Jubilee 150 Walkway

## Manazarta