# Taimako mai juyawa

| Taimako mai juyawa |
| --- |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | state (en)  |
| Characteristic of (en)  | terrain (en)  |

 Taimako a tsohon Filin jirgin saman St. George Municipal, Utah. Yankin dutsen da aka gina filin jirgin sama sau ɗaya ya cika ƙasan kwarin.
Tashoshin da aka juya a kan Mars. Wadannan tsaunuka masu lankwasawa da tsinkaye a yankin Aeolis sun kasance tashoshi a cikin fan na sediment. Tashoshin sun fi tsayayya da lalacewar iska fiye da kayan da ke kewaye da su, don haka yanzu an bar su tsaye a matsayin tuddai maimakon kwari. Haske yana daga hagu.
Sauye-sauye, yanayin da aka juya, ko juyawa na yanayin yana nufin fasalulluka na shimfidar wuri waɗanda suka juyar da girman su dangane da wasu fasalullukaka. Sau da yawa yakan faru ne lokacin da ƙananan wurare na wuri ya cika da laka ko laka wanda ya yi tauri zuwa kayan da ya fi tsayayya da rushewa fiye da kayan da ke kewaye da shi. Rugujewar bambance-bambance tana cire kayan da ba su da tsayayya, suna barin kayan da ke kewaye da su, wanda zai iya bayyana a matsayin tudun inda a baya akwai kwari. Ana amfani da kalmomi kamar "kwari mai juyawa" ko "channel mai juyawa " don bayyana irin waɗannan fasalulluka. An lura da sauƙin juyawa a saman wasu taurari da kuma Duniya. Misali, an gano taswirar da aka yi amfani da ita sosai a kan Mars.

## Kafawa

Matakai da yawa na iya haifar da bene na bakin ciki ya zama mai tsayayya da rushewa fiye da gangaren da ke kewaye da shi da tsaunuka:

* Na farko, yashi mai laushi, kamar dutse, yana tarawa a cikin bakin ciki, watau, kwarin rafi ko tafkin tafkin. Na gaba, rushewa iska tana cire tsaunuka masu kyau a yankunan da ke kusa da bakin ciki. Wannan ya bar bayan mafi tsayayyen tsaunuka masu tsayi a matsayin tudu ko tudu, yayin da tashar ta sauya zuwa yankin da ke ƙasa.
* Kwarin kogin na iya cika da kayan dutsen wuta kamar lava ko tuff mai waldi da ke zubo a ciki. Wannan zai tsayayya da rushewa yayin da kewaye da shi ya rushe don ƙirƙirar tudu.
* Cementation na ƙasa da ma'adanai da aka narke a cikin ruwa na iya faruwa a cikin rami. A Duniya, wannan sau da yawa yana faruwa a cikin kwarin rafi sakamakon samar da duricrusts, watau, Silcrete ko ferricrete, ta hanyar pedogenesis. Ma'adanai don siminti na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa. An yi tunanin cewa wani wuri mai ƙasƙanci kamar kwari yana mai da hankali kan ruwa, don haka ƙarin ruwa da ciment suna motsawa cikinsa, kuma wannan yana haifar da mafi girman matakin cimentation. Har ila yau, sinadarin da aka yi da siminti zai tsayayya da rushewa yayin da filin da ke kewaye da shi ya rushe don ƙirƙirar tudu ko tudu.
* Rushewar sassan sama masu tsayayya na anticlines na yankin da aka ninka, yana fallasa ƙananan sassan da ke ƙasa, wanda ke lalacewa da sauri yana barin syncline a matsayin saman mesa ko tudu.

## Misali

Misali mai kyau na taimakon da aka juya shi ne Table Mountain, Tuolumne County, California. Ruwan dutse da yawa sun cika wani kwarin kogin na dā wanda ya yanke zuwa yamma ta tsakiyar Sierra Nevada zuwa kwarin tsakiya kimanin shekaru miliyan 10.5 da suka gabata. Wadannan raƙuman ruwa na Miocene sun cika wannan kwarin kogi na dā tare da jerin lavas na trachyandesite mai wadataccen potassium waɗanda suka fi tsayayya da rushewa fiye da Mesozoic siltstone da sauran dutse wanda aka yanke kwarin. Don haka, lalacewar bambancin da ta biyo baya ta bar waɗannan duwatsun dutsen wuta a matsayin tudu mai laushi, wanda yanzu yana tsaye sama da shimfidar wuri wanda ya fi zurfin lalacewar duwatsun Mesozoic.

Juyin halitta mai yuwuwa na yanayin Cape Town: Dutsen yashi na kusa da kwance na Table Mountain yana wakiltar kwandon da yashi mai zurfi na irin wannan tsari na Dutsen Holland na Hottentots zuwa gabas gabar babban fold wanda tun lokacin ya rushe don fallasa shale. Don haka yanayin zamani na iya wakiltar wani juyawa na yanayin da ya gabata (layin da aka lalata) wanda ke da babban dutse inda Cape Flats suke yanzu. (bayan Compton 2004)
Wani misali shine Table Mountain, Cape Town, inda asalin tsaunuka masu tsayayya na quartzitic sandstone na Cape Fold Belt suka lalace da farko, suna fallasa dutse mai tsayayya, wanda ya lalace da sauri, yana barin asalin kwarin a saman dutsen da ya rage.

## A kan Maris

Sauye-sauye a cikin nau'ikan tuddai masu juyawa, waɗanda ke nuna tsoffin tashoshin ruwa, ana jayayya da su a matsayin shaidar tashoshin ruwan a saman Martian a baya. Misali shine Miyamoto Crater, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2010 a matsayin wurin da za a iya bincika don shaidar rayuwa a kan Mars.

Sauran misalai an nuna su a cikin hotunan da ke ƙasa.

### Yankin da aka juya a cikin Aeolis quadrangle

* Tashoshin da aka juyar da su a cikin Aleolis Planum Tashoshi masu juyawa na iya samuwa lokacin da aka binne yankin sannan daga baya ya lalace. Sannan tsoffin tashoshi suna fitowa sama da saman saboda sun fi jure wa zaizayar ƙasa. Wataƙila sun tara manyan duwatsu sai kewaye.
* Kusa da kallon tashoshi masu juyawa. Lura cewa wasu suna kwance a sama.
* Hoton CTX na ramuka a cikin Aeolis quadrangle tare da akwatin baki a cikin babban rami a ƙasan dama yana nuna wurin hoto na gaba.
* Hoto daga hoton da ya gabata na ƙugi mai lanƙwasa wanda zai iya zama tsohon rafi wanda ya zama jujjuyawar. Haske daga NW. Hoton da aka ɗauka tare da HiRISE a ƙarƙashin shirin HiWish.
* Meandering Ridges that are probably inverted stream channels. Illumination is from the NW. Image taken with HiRISE. Meandering Ridges waɗanda wataƙila tashoshi rafi ne jujjuya su. Haske daga NW. Hoton da aka ɗauka tare da HiRISE .
* Sinuous Ridges a cikin wani reshe fan a cikin ƙananan memba na Medusae Fossae Formation, kamar yadda HiRISE ya gani. Haske daga NW.
* Inverted Streams near Juventae Chasma, Syrtis Major quadrangle, as seen by Mars Global Surveyor. These streams begin at the top of a ridge then run together.
* Inverted Channels near Juventae Chasma, as seen by HiRISE. Channels were once regular stream channels. Image in Coprates quadrangle. Scale bar is 500 meters long.
* Inverted Channel with many branches in Syrtis Major quadrangle.
* Inverted Stream Channels in Antoniadi Crater, as seen by HiRISE.
* Tashar da aka juya a cikin Miyamoto Crater, Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle, kamar yadda HiRISE ya gani. Haske daga NW. Tsawon ma'auni yana da mita 500.
* CTX context image for next image that was taken with HiRISE. Note long ridge going across image is probably an old stream. Box indicates area for HiRISE image. Hoton mahallin CTX don hoto na gaba wanda aka ɗauka tare da HiRISE. Kula da dogon tudu da ke haye hoto mai yiwuwa tsohon rafi ne. Akwatin yana nuna yanki don hoton HiRISE.
* Example of inverted terrain in Parana Valles region, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program. Illumination is from the NW. Misali na jujjuyawar ƙasa a yankin Parana Valles, kamar yadda HiRISE ta gani a ƙarƙashin shirin HiWish. Haske daga NW.

### Yankin da aka juya a cikin quadrangle na Amazonis

* Tashoshi mai yuwuwar jujjuyawar rafi, Amazonis quadrangle, kamar yadda HiRISE ya gani a ƙarƙashin shirin HiWish . Ƙoƙarin ƙila sun taɓa kasancewa kwaruruka na rafi waɗanda suka cika da laka da siminti. Don haka, sun taurare da zaizayar ƙasa wanda ya cire kayan da ke kewaye. Haske yana daga hagu (yamma).

## Manazarta