# Epic Poetry

| Waƙar almara |
| --- |
| literary genre (en)  da art movement (en)  |
|  |
| Bayanai |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | epic literature (en) , verse poetry (en)  da narrative poetry (en)  |
| Model item (en)  | Iliad (en)  |

  Tablet mai ɗauke da guntun *almara na Gilgamesh*

**Waƙar almara**, ko kuma kawai **almara**, waƙa ce mai tsawo ta ba da labari game da ayyuka na ban mamaki na mutane masu ban mamaki waɗanda, a cikin mu'amala da alloli ko wasu sojojin da suka fi ƙarfin ɗan adam, sun ba da siffar duniya mai mutuwa ga zuriyarsu.

## Etymology

Kalmar *epic* ta Ingilishi ta fito ne daga Latin *epicus*, wanda kanta ya fito daga tsohuwar sifa ta Girka ἐπικός (*epikos*), daga ἔπος (*epos*), "kalmomi, labari, waka."

A ancient ta Hellenanci, 'epic' na iya nufin duk waƙar dactylic hexameter (*epea*), wanda ya haɗa ba kawai Homer ba har ma da waƙar hikima na Hesiod, maganganun Delphic, da kuma ayoyin tauhidi masu ban mamaki da aka danganta ga Orpheus. Al'adar baya, duk da haka, ta taƙaita kalmar 'epic' zuwa *almara na jaruntaka*, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin.

## Overview

 Bugu na farko (1835) na waƙar almara na ƙasar Finnish *Kalevala* na Elias Lönnrot
An samo asali kafin ƙirƙirar rubuce-rubuce, firamare na farko, irin su na Homer, sun haɗa da bard waɗanda suka yi amfani da ma'auni mai mahimmanci da ma'auni wanda za su iya haddace almara kamar yadda aka karɓa a cikin al'ada kuma su kara da almara a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya marubuta kamar Virgil, Apollonius na Rhodes, Dante, Camões, da Milton sun karɓa kuma sun daidaita salon Homer da batun batun, amma sun yi amfani da na'urorin da ke samuwa kawai ga waɗanda suka rubuta.

Mafi tsufa almara da aka gane shine *Almara na Gilgamesh* (c. 2500–1300 BCE ), wanda aka rubuta a zamanin Sumer lokacin daular Neo-Sumerian. Waƙar ta ba da cikakken bayani game da abubuwan da Gilgamesh, sarkin Uruk ya yi. Ko da yake an san shi a matsayin ɗan tarihi, Gilgamesh, kamar yadda aka wakilta a cikin almara, babban almara ne ko tatsuniya.

Mafi tsayin almara da aka rubuta shi ne tsohuwar Indiya *Mahabharata* (c. karni na 3 BC–karni na 3 AD), wanda ya ƙunshi ślokas 100,000 ko sama da layin aya 200,000 (kowane shloka ma'aurata ne), da kuma dogon nassosi na rubutu, don haka. Cewa a ~ 1.8 kalmomi kusan ninki biyu na tsawon *Shahnameh*, ninki huɗu na tsawon *Ramayaṇa*, kuma kusan ninki goma na *Iliad* da *Odyssey* a hade.

Epic Poetry
Shahararrun misalan wakokin almara sun haɗa da *Epic na Sumerian na Gilgamesh*, tsohuwar Indiya *Mahabharata* da *Rāmāyaṇa* a Sanskrit da *Silappatikaram* da *Manimekalai* a Tamil, *Shahnameh* na Farisa, *Odyssey* na tsohuwar Girka da *Iliad*, Virgil 's *Aeneid*, Tsohon Turanci *Betewu*. s *Divine Comedy*, the Finnish *Kalevala*, the Estoniya *Kalevipoeg*, the German *Nibelungenlied*, the French *Song of Roland*, the Spanish *Cantar de mio Cid*, the Portuguese *Os Lusíadas*, the Armenian *Daredevils of Sassoun*, John Milton 's *Paradise Lost*, da Malian Sundiata. Wakokin almara na wannan zamani sun haɗa da Derek Walcott 's *Omeros*, Mircea Cărtărescu 's <i id="mwkA">The Levant</i> da Adam Mickiewicz 's *Pan Tadeusz*. *Paterson* na William Carlos Williams, wanda aka buga a cikin littattafai biyar daga 1946 zuwa 1958, an yi wahayi zuwa wani ɓangare na wani almara na zamani, *The Cantos* by Ezra Pound.

## Manazarta