# Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

ocean| Part of | World Ocean, Earth  |
| Tributary | Una River, Una River (Una, Bahia), Amazon  |
| Dem name after | Atlas  |
| Demonym | Atlantic  |
| Country | no value  |
| Edey de administrative territorial entity insyd | international waters  |
| Coordinate location | 0°0′0″N 30°0′0″W  |
| Lowest point | Milwaukee Deep  |
| Dey share bother plus | Baetic Depression, North Africa, Indian Ocean  |
| Connects with | Atlantic Continental Shelf  |

Dem take dis video by de crew of Expedition 29 on board de ISS. De pass dey start from just northeast of de island of Newfoundland over de North Atlantic Ocean to central Africa, over South Sudan.
De **Atlantic Ocean** be de second largest of de world ein five oceanic divisions, plus an area of about 85,133,000 square kilometers (32,870,000 sq mi). E dey cover approximately 17% of Earth ein surface den about 24% of ein water surface area. During de Age of Discovery, na e be known for separating de New World of de Americas (North America den South America) from de Old World of Afro-Eurasia (Africa, Asia, den Europe).

Thru ein separation of Afro-Eurasia from de Americas, de Atlantic Ocean play a central role insyd de development of human society, globalization, den de histories of chaw nations. While de Norse be de first known humans to cross de Atlantic, na e be de expedition of Christopher Columbus insyd 1492 wey prove to be de most consequential. Columbus ein expedition usher insyd an age of exploration den colonization of de Americas by European powers, most notably Portugal, Spain, France, den de United Kingdom. From de 16th to 19th centuries, na de Atlantic Ocean be de center of both an eponymous slave trade den de Columbian exchange while occasionally dey host naval battles. Such naval battles, as well as growing trade from regional American powers like de United States den Brazil, both increased in degree during de early 20th century. After World War II, major military operations cam be rarer, though notable postwar conflicts dey include de Cuban Missile Crisis den de Falklands War. De ocean remain a core component of trade around de world.

De Atlantic Ocean ein temperatures vary by location. For example, de South Atlantic dey maintain warm temperatures year-round, as ein basin countries be tropical. De North Atlantic maintain a temperate climate, as ein basin countries be temperate wey e get seasons of extremely low temperatures den high temperatures.

De Atlantic Ocean dey occupy an elongated, S-shaped basin wey dey extend longitudinally between Europe den Africa to de east, den de Americas to de west. As one component of de interconnected World Ocean, e be connected insyd de north to de Arctic Ocean, to de Pacific Ocean insyd de southwest, de Indian Ocean insyd de southeast, den de Southern Ocean insyd de south. Oda definitions describe de Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica. Dem divide de Atlantic Ocean insyd two parts, de northern den southern Atlantic, by de Equator.

## Names

De Aethiopian Ocean dem depict insyd a 1710 French map of Africa
De oldest known dey mention of an "Atlantic" sea cam from Stesichorus around mid-sixth century BC (Sch. A. R. 1. 211): Atlantikôi pelágei (Ancient Greek: Ἀτλαντικῷ πελάγει, 'the Atlantic sea', etym. 'Sea of Atlas') den insyd *The Histories* of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Ancient Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα, 'Sea of Atlas' anaa 'de Atlantic sea'), wer de name dey refer to "de sea beyond de pillars of Hercules" (de Strait of Gibraltar), beyond de Atlas Mountains insyd Morocco den off de West African coast. Insyd dese uses, de name dey refer to Atlas, de Titan insyd Greek mythology, wey support de heavens den wey later appear as a frontispiece insyd medieval maps den atlases.

### Water masses

Temperature-salinity characteristics for Atlantic water masses| Water mass | Temperature | Salinity |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Upper waters (0–500 m or 0–1,600 ft) |
| Atlantic Subarctic Upper Water (ASUW) | 0.0–4.0 °C | 34.0–35.0 |
| Western North Atlantic Central Water (WNACW) | 7.0–20 °C | 35.0–36.7 |
| Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) | 8.0–18.0 °C | 35.2–36.7 |
| South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) | 5.0–18.0 °C | 34.3–35.8 |
| Intermediate waters (500–1,500 m anaa 1,600–4,900 ft) |
| Western Atlantic Subarctic Intermediate Water (WASIW) | 3.0–9.0 °C | 34.0–35.1 |
| Eastern Atlantic Subarctic Intermediate Water (EASIW) | 3.0–9.0 °C | 34.4–35.3 |
| Mediterranean Water (MW) | 2.6–11.0 °C | 35.0–36.2 |
| Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) | −1.5–3.0 °C | 34.7–34.9 |
| Deep den abyssal waters (1,500 m–bottom anaa 4,900 ft–bottom) |
| North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) | 1.5–4.0 °C | 34.8–35.0 |
| Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) | −0.9–1.7 °C | 34.6–34.7 |
| Arctic Bottom Water (ABW) | −1.8 to −0.5 °C | 34.9–34.9 |

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## Read further

* Dickson, Henry Newton (1911). "Atlantic Ocean" . *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). pp. 855–857.
* Winchester, Simon (2010). *Atlantic: A Vast Ocean of a Million Stories*. HarperCollins UK. ISBN 978-0-00-734137-5.

* Atlantic Ocean. Cartage.org.lb (archived)
* "Map of Atlantic Coast of North America from the Chesapeake Bay to Florida" from 1639 via the Library of Congress