# Brazil

Brazil

sovereign state, secular state, country| Part of | Latin America, Ibero-America, Southern Cone  |
| Year dem found am | 7 September 1822  |
| Name | Ba Tây  |
| Official name | República Federativa do Brasil  |
| Native label | República Federativa do Brasil  |
| Short name | BRA  |
| IPA transcription | bɾaˈziw  |
| Ethnic group | White Brazilians, Pardo Brazilians, African Brazilians, Asian Brazilians, indigenous peoples in Brazil  |
| Dem name after | Caesalpinia echinata  |
| Official language | Portuguese  |
| Anthem | Brazilian National Anthem  |
| Culture | culture of Brazil  |
| Motto | Order and Progress  |
| Continent | South America  |
| Country | Brazil  |
| Capital | Brasília  |
| Located in or next to body of water | Atlantic Ocean, Amazon, Paraná River, São Francisco River  |
| Located in/on physical feature | South American Plate, South America  |
| Coordinate location | 14°0′0″S 53°0′0″W  |
| Coordinates of easternmost point | 7°9′20″S 34°47′35″W  |
| Coordinates of northernmost point | 5°16′12″N 60°12′15″W  |
| Coordinates of southernmost point | 33°45′0″S 53°23′25″W  |
| Coordinates of westernmost point | 7°32′5″S 73°58′58″W  |
| Highest point | Pico da Neblina  |
| Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean  |
| Government ein basic form | federal republic, representative democracy, presidential system  |
| Office held by head of state | President of Brazil  |
| State ein head | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  |
| Office head of government hold | President of Brazil  |
| Government ein head | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  |
| Has cabinet | cabinet of Brazil  |
| Executive body | Federal Government of Brazil  |
| Legislative body | National Congress of Brazil  |
| Highest judicial authority | Supreme Federal Court  |
| Central bank | Central Bank of Brazil  |
| Currency | Brazilian real  |
| Driving side | right  |
| Electrical plug type | Europlug, IEC 60906-1  |
| Dey replace | Empire of Brazil, Republic of the United States of Brazil, Colonial Brazil  |
| Significant event | Independence of Brazil  |
| Studied by | Brazilian studies  |
| Discoverer or inventor | Pedro Álvares Cabral  |
| Time of discovery anaa invention | 22 April 1500  |
| Dema official website |   |
| Described at URL |   |
| External data available at URL |   |
| Hashtag | Brazil, brazil  |
| Top-level Internet domain | .br  |
| Main regulatory text | Constitution of Brazil  |
| Flag | flag of Brazil  |
| Coat of arms | Emblem of Brazil  |
| Geography of topic | Geography of Brazil  |
| Get characteristic | free country  |
| History of topic | history of Brazil  |
| Patron saint | Our Lady of Aparecida  |
| ‎most populous urban area | São Paulo  |
| Open data portal | DataViva  |
| Economy of topic | economy of Brazil  |
| Demographics of topic | demographics of Brazil  |
| Mastodon instance URL |    |
| ‎Lemmy instance URL |   |
| Mobile country code | 724  |
| Country calling code | +55  |
| Trunk prefix | no value  |
| Emergency phone number | 190, 192, 193, 188  |
| GS1 country code | 789-790  |
| Vehicle registration plate code | BR  |
| Maritime identification digits | 710  |
| Unicode character | 🇧🇷  |
| Category for honorary citizens of entity | Q8942509  |
| Category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Brazil  |

* + Brazil**, officially de **Federative Republic of Brazil**, be de largest den easternmost country insyd South America. Ebe de world ein fifth-largest country by area den de seventh largest by population, plus over 212 million people. De country be a federation dem compose of 26 states den a Federal District, wich host de capital, Brasília. Ein most populous city be São Paulo, follow by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil get de most Portuguese speakers insyd de world wey ebe de country per insyd de Americas wer Portuguese be an official language.*
* *Brazil be a regional den middle power den rising global power. Ebe an emerging, upper-middle income economy den newly industrialized country, plus one of de 10 largest economies insyd de world insyd both nominal den PPP terms, de largest economy insyd Latin America den de Southern Hemisphere, den de largest share of wealth insyd South America.Plus a complex den highly diversified economy, Brazil be one of de world ein major anaa primary exporters of various agricultural goods, mineral resources, den manufactured products. Secof ein rich culture den history, de country dey rank thirteenth insyd de world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Brazil be a founding member of de United Nations, de G20, BRICS, G4, Mercosur, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, den de Community of Portuguese Language Countries; e sanso be an observer state of de Arab League den a major non-NATO ally of de United States.*
* *Demographics*
* Urbanization

| Largest urban agglomerations insyd Brazil

2017 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics estimates |
| --- |
| Rank | Name | State | Pop. | Rank | Name | State | Pop. |
| 1 | São Paulo | São Paulo | 21,314,716 | 11 | Belém | Pará | 2,157,180 |
| 2 | Rio de Janeiro | Rio de Janeiro | 12,389,775 | 12 | Manaus | Amazonas | 2,130,264 |
| 3 | Belo Horizonte | Minas Gerais | 5,142,260 | 13 | Campinas | São Paulo | 2,105,600 |
| 4 | Recife | Pernambuco | 4,021,641 | 14 | Vitória | Espírito Santo | 1,837,047 |
| 5 | Brasília | Federal District | 3,986,425 | 15 | Baixada Santista | São Paulo | 1,702,343 |
| 6 | Porto Alegre | Rio Grande do Sul | 3,894,232 | 16 | São José dos Campos | São Paulo | 1,572,943 |
| 7 | Salvador | Bahia | 3,863,154 | 17 | São Luís | Maranhão | 1,421,569 |
| 8 | Fortaleza | Ceará | 3,594,924 | 18 | Natal | Rio Grande do Norte | 1,349,743 |
| 9 | Curitiba | Paraná | 3,387,985 | 19 | Maceió | Alagoas | 1,231,965 |
| 10 | Goiânia | Goiás | 2,347,557 | 20 | João Pessoa | Paraíba | 1,168,941 |

* Azevedo, Aroldo. *O Brasil e suas regiões*. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1971
* Barman, Roderick J. *Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891*. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8047-3510-7

* Boxer, Charles R. *The Portuguese Seaborne Empire* (1969)
	+ *O império marítimo português 1415–1825*. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002. ISBN 85-359-0292-9
* Bueno, Eduardo. *Brasil: uma História*. São Paulo: Ática, 2003. ISBN 85-08-08213-4
* Calmon, Pedro. *História da Civilização Brasileira*. Brasília: Senado Federal, 2002
* Carvalho, José Murilo de. *D. Pedro II*. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2007
* Coelho, Marcos Amorim. *Geografia do Brasil*. 4th ed. São Paulo: Moderna, 1996
* Diégues, Fernando. *A revolução brasílica*. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2004
* *Enciclopédia Barsa*. Volume 4: Batráquio – Camarão, Filipe. Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil, 1987
* Ermakoff, George (2006). *Rio de Janeiro – 1840–1900 – Uma crônica fotográfica* (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: G. Ermakoff Casa Editorial. ISBN 978-85-98815-05-3.
* Fausto, Boris and Devoto, Fernando J. *Brasil e Argentina: Um ensaio de história comparada (1850–2002)*, 2nd ed. São Paulo: Editoria 34, 2005. ISBN 85-7326-308-3
* Gaspari, Elio. *A ditadura envergonhada*. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002. ISBN 85-359-0277-5
* Janotti, Aldo. *O Marquês de Paraná: inícios de uma carreira política num momento crítico da história da nacionalidade*. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1990
* Lyra, Heitor. *História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Ascenção (1825–1870). v. 1*. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1977
* Lyra, Heitor. *História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Declínio (1880–1891). v. 3*. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1977
* Lustosa, Isabel. *D. Pedro I: um herói sem nenhum caráter*. São Paulo: Companhia das letras, 2006. ISBN 85-359-0807-2
* Moreira, Igor A. G. *O Espaço Geográfico, geografia geral e do Brasil*. 18. Ed. São Paulo: Ática, 1981
* Munro, Dana Gardner. *The Latin American Republics; A History*. New York: D. Appleton, 1942.
* Peres, Damião (1949) *O Descobrimento do Brasil por Pedro Álvares Cabral: antecedentes e intencionalidade* Porto: Portucalense.
* Scheina, Robert L. *Latin America: A Naval History, 1810–1987*. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1987. ISBN 0-87021-295-8
* Stuart B. Schwartz *Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil* (1973)
	+ *Early Latin America* (1983)
	+ *Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society* (1985)
* Skidmore, Thomas E. *Brazil: Five Centuries of Change* (Oxford University Press, 1999)
	+ *Uma História do Brasil*. 4th ed. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2003. ISBN 85-219-0313-8
* Souza, Adriana Barreto de. *Duque de Caxias: o homem por trás do monumento*. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2008. ISBN 978-85-200-0864-5.
* Vainfas, Ronaldo. *Dicionário do Brasil Imperial*. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002. ISBN 85-7302-441-0
* Vesentini, José William. *Brasil, sociedade e espaço – Geografia do Brasil*. 7th Ed. São Paulo: Ática, 1988
* Vianna, Hélio. *História do Brasil: período colonial, monarquia e república*, 15th ed. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1994
* Zirin, Dave. *Brazil's Dance with the Devil: The World Cup, The Olympics, and the Fight for Democracy* Haymarket Books 2014. ISBN 978-1-60846-360-2

## Read further

* Alencastro Felipe, Luiz Felipe de. *The Trade in the Living: The Formation of Brazil in the South Atlantic, Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries* (SUNY Press, 2019)
* Alves, Maria Helena Moreira (1985). *State and Opposition in Military Brazil*. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
* Amann, Edmund (1990). *The Illusion of Stability: The Brazilian Economy under Cardoso*. World Development (pp. 1805–19).
* "Background Note: Brazil". US Department of State. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
* Bellos, Alex (2003). *Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life*. London: Bloomsbury Publishing plc.
* Bethell, Leslie (1991). *Colonial Brazil*. Cambridge: CUP.
* Costa, João Cruz (1964). *A History of Ideas in Brazil*. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
* Fausto, Boris (1999). *A Concise History of Brazil*. Cambridge: CUP.
* Fischer, Brodwyn; Grinberg, Keila, eds. (2023). *The Boundaries of Freedom: Slavery, Abolition, and the Making of Modern Brazil*. Afro-Latin America. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108917537. ISBN 9781009287968.
* Leal, Victor Nunes (1977). *Coronelismo: The Municipality and Representative Government in Brazil*. Cambridge: CUP.
* Levine, Robert M. *Historical Dictionary of Brazil* (2019)
* Malathronas, John (2003). *Brazil: Life, Blood, Soul*. Chichester: Summersdale.
* Martinez-Lara, Javier (1995). *Building Democracy in Brazil: The Politics of Constitutional Change*. Macmillan.
* Prado Júnior, Caio (1967). *The Colonial Background of Modern Brazil*. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
* Schneider, Ronald (1995). *Brazil: Culture and Politics in a New Economic Powerhouse*. Boulder Westview.
* Skidmore, Thomas E. (1974). *Black into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-501776-2.
* Wagley, Charles (1963). *An Introduction to Brazil*. New York, New York: Columbia University Press.

**Government Brazilian Federal Government
* Official Tourist Guide of Brazil
* Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
* Geographic data related to Brazil at OpenStreetMap