# Diabetes

diabetes

class of disease, disease| Subclass of | glucose metabolism disease, endocrine system disease, autoimmune disease of endocrine system  |
| Has effect | cataract, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic foot  |
| Studied by | endocrinology, diabetology  |
| Dey afflict | Homo sapiens  |
| Health specialty | diabetology, endocrinology  |
| Symptoms and signs | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia  |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | chromium picolinate, voglibose, Insulin Lispro, metformin  |
| Possible medical findings | polyuric-polydipsic syndrome  |
| Risk factor | maternal smoking  |
| Handled, mitigated, or managed by | diabetes management  |
| ICD-9-CM | 250  |

**Diabetes mellitus**, dem commonly know as **diabetes**, be a group of common endocrine diseases wey be characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes be secof either de pancreas no dey produce enough of de hormone insulin anaa de cells of de body cam be unresponsive to insulin ein effects. Classic symptoms dey include de three Ps: polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urination), polyphagia (excessive hunger), weight loss, den blurred vision. If dem lef am untreated, de disease fi lead to various health complications, wey dey include disorders of de cardiovascular system, eye, kidney, den nerves. Diabetes dey account for approximately 4.2 million deaths every year, plus an estimated 1.5 million wey be caused by either untreated anaa poorly treated diabetes.

De major types of diabetes be type 1 den type 2. De most common treatment give type 1 be insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections), while anti-diabetic medications (such as metformin den semaglutide anaa tirzepatide) den lifestyle modifications fi be used to manage type 2. Gestational diabetes, a form wey sam times dey arise during pregnancy, normally dey resolve shortly after delivery. Type 1 diabetes be an autoimmune condition wer de body ein immune system dey attack de beta cells (β-cell) insyd de pancreas, wey dey prevent de production of insulin. Dis condition typically be present from birth anaa dey develop early in life. Type 2 diabetes dey occur wen de body cam be resistant to insulin, wey dey mean de cells no dey respond effectively to am, den thus, glucose remain insyd de bloodstream instead of make e be absorbed by de cells. Additionally, diabetes sanso fi result from oda specific causes, such as genetic conditions (monogenic diabetes syndromes like neonatal diabetes den maturity-onset diabetes of de young), diseases wey dey affect de pancreas (such as pancreatitis), anaa de use of certain medications den chemicals (such as glucocorticoids, oda specific drugs den after organ transplantation).

Na de number of people dem diagnose as living plus diabetes increase sharply insyd recent decades, from 200 million insyd 1990 to 830 million by 2022. E dey affect one insyd seven of de adult population, plus type 2 diabetes dey account for more dan 95% of cases. Na dese numbers already rise beyond earlier projections of 783 million adults by 2045. De prevalence of de disease continue dey increase, most dramatically insyd low- den middle-income nations. Rates be similar insyd women den men, wey diabetes be de seventh leading cause of death globally. Na dem estimate de global expenditure on diabetes-related healthcare US$760 billion a year.

* American Diabetes Association
* IDF Diabetes Atlas
* National Diabetes Education Program
* ADA's Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2019
* Polonsky KS (October 2012). "The past 200 years in diabetes". *The New England Journal of Medicine*. **367** (14): 1332–1340. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1110560. PMID 23034021. S2CID 9456681.
* "Diabetes". *MedlinePlus*. U.S. National Library of Medicine.