# Spain

Spain

sovereign state, realm, country, Mediterranean country, nation state| Part of | European Economic Area  |
| Year dem found am | 1715, 19 March 1812, 9 December 1931, 29 December 1978, 14 March 1516  |
| Name in native language | Reino de España, Espainiako Erresuma, Regne d'Espanya, Reino de España  |
| Official name | Reino de España, Espainiako Erresuma, Regne d'Espanya, Reino de España  |
| Native label | Reino de España  |
| IPA transcription | ɪˈspanʲɪjə, esˈpaɲa, ˈspeɪn, ˈspɑːnɪɑ  |
| Ethnic group | Spaniards, Romani people  |
| Dem name after | Hispania  |
| Official language | Spanish  |
| Anthem | Marcha Real  |
| Culture | culture of Spain  |
| Motto | Plus ultra  |
| Motto text | Plus Ultra  |
| Continent | Europe  |
| Country | Spain  |
| Capital | Madrid  |
| Located in time zone | UTC+01:00, UTC+02:00, UTC±00:00, UTC+01:00, Europe/Madrid  |
| Located in or next to body of water | Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Cantabrian Sea, Alboran Sea  |
| Located in/on physical feature | Iberian Peninsula, Africa, Southern Europe  |
| Coordinate location | 40°12′0″N 3°30′0″W  |
| Coordinates of easternmost point | 39°52′36″N 4°19′37″E, 42°19′10″N 3°19′20″E  |
| Coordinates of northernmost point | 43°47′28″N 7°41′21″W, 43°47′32″N 7°41′26″W  |
| Coordinates of southernmost point | 27°38′31″N 17°58′51″W, 36°0′1″N 5°36′37″W  |
| Coordinates of westernmost point | 27°42′15″N 18°8′0″W, 42°55′23″N 9°17′52″W  |
| Highest point | Teide  |
| Lowest point | Mina de Las Cruces  |
| Government ein basic form | parliamentary monarchy  |
| Office held by head of state | monarch of Spain  |
| State ein head | Felipe VI of Spain  |
| Office head of government hold | Prime Minister of Spain  |
| Government ein head | Pedro Sánchez  |
| Has cabinet | Council of Ministers of Spain  |
| Executive body | Government of Spain  |
| Legislative body | Cortes Generales  |
| Highest judicial authority | Supreme Court of Spain, Constitutional Court of Spain  |
| Currency | euro  |
| Dey share bother plus | Andorra, Portugal, Morocco, France, Gibraltar  |
| Coextensive with | Spain  |
| Driving side | right  |
| Electrical plug type | Europlug, Schuko  |
| Dey replace | Hispanic Monarchy, Crown of Aragon, Spanish Empire, Kingdom of Aragon, First Spanish Republic  |
| Studied by | Spanish studies, hispanism  |
| Dema official website |   |
| Hashtag | Spain, spain  |
| Top-level Internet domain | .es  |
| Flag | flag of Spain  |
| Coat of arms | coat of arms of Kingdom of Spain  |
| Geography of topic | Geography of Spain  |
| Get characteristic | free country  |
| History of topic | history of Spain  |
| Official religion | non-denominational  |
| ‎most populous urban area | Madrid city  |
| Open data portal | Spain open data portal  |
| Economy of topic | economy of Spain  |
| Demographics of topic | demographics of Spain  |
| Gregorian calendar start date | 15 October 1582  |
| Mobile country code | 214  |
| Country calling code | +34  |
| Emergency phone number | 112, 061, 091  |
| GS1 country code | 840-849  |
| Licence plate code | E  |
| Maritime identification digits | 224, 225  |
| Unicode character | 🇪🇸  |
| Category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Spain  |

**Spain**, officially de **Kingdom of Spain**, be a country insyd Southern den Western Europe plus territories insyd North Africa.Dey feature de southernmost point of continental Europe, e be de largest country insyd Southern Europe den de fourth-most populous European Union (EU) member state. Dey span de majority of de Iberian Peninsula, ein territory sanso dey include de Canary Islands, insyd de Eastern Atlantic Ocean; de Balearic Islands, insyd de Western Mediterranean Sea; den de autonomous cities of Ceuta den Melilla, insyd mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain be bordered to de north by France, Andorra, den de Bay of Biscay; to de east den south by de Mediterranean Sea den Gibraltar den Morocco, thru ein exclaves insyd North Africa; den to de west by Portugal den de Atlantic Ocean. Spain ein capital den largest city be Madrid; oda major urban areas dey include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, den Palma de Mallorca.

Insyd early antiquity, na de Iberian Peninsula be inhabited by Iberians, Celts, den oda pre-Roman peoples. De Roman conquest of de Iberian peninsula create de province of Hispania, wich cam be deeply Romanised den later Christianised. After de fall of de Western Roman Empire, de peninsula be conquered by tribes from Central Europe, among dem de Visigoths, wey establish de Visigothic Kingdom dem centre on Toledo. Insyd de early 8th century, chaw of de peninsula be conquered by de Umayyad Caliphate, wey Al-Andalus centre on Córdoba. De northern Christian kingdoms of Iberia launch de so-called *Reconquista*, gradually dey repel den ultimately dey expel Islamic rule from de peninsula, wey dey culminate plus de fall of de Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. De dynastic union of de Crown of Castile den de Crown of Aragon insyd 1479 under de Catholic Monarchs often be seen as de *de facto* unification of Spain as a nation state.

During de Age of Discovery, Spain lead de exploration den conquest of de New World, dem plete de first circumnavigation of de globe, wey drm establish one of de largest empires insyd history, wich foster a global trade system driven by precious metals. Insyd de 18th century, de Nueva Planta decrees centralise Spain under de Bourbons, wey dey strengthen royal authority. De 19th century witness de victorious Peninsular War (1808–1814) against Napoleonic forces den de loss of chaw American colonies amid liberal–absolutist conflicts. Dese struggles culminate insyd de Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) den de Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975). Plus de restoration of democracy den entry into de EU, Spain experience a major economic boom den social transformation.

Spain be a secular parliamentary democracy den a constitutional monarchy, wey King Felipe VI be head of state. A developed country, Spain get a high nominal per capita income globally, den ein advanced economy ranks among de largest insyd de world wey e be de fourth-largest insyd de EU. Spanish be de world ein second-most spoken native language.

## Etymology

De name of Spain (*España*) dey cam from *Hispania*, de name wey de Ancient Romans use for de Iberian Peninsula during de Roman Republic den de Roman Empire. De etymology of de term *Hispania* remain uncertain.

De Phoenicians refer to de region as *España*, possibly dey mean 'land of rabbits anaa hyraxes', 'land of metals', anaa 'northern island'. Roman coins struck insyd de region from de reign of Hadrian show a female figure plus a rabbit at ein feet, wey Strabo call am de 'land of de rabbits'.

## Demographics

### Urbanisation

| Largest cities anaa towns insyd Spain

*National Statistics Institute* (2025) |
| --- |
| Rank | Name | Autonomous community | Pop. | Rank | Name | Autonomous community | Pop. |
| 1 | Madrid | Community of Madrid | 3,477,497 | 11 | Bilbao | Basque Country | 350,975 |
| 2 | Barcelona | Catalonia | 1,713,247 | 12 | Córdoba | Andalusia | 324,159 |
| 3 | Valencia | Valencian Community | 841,558 | 13 | Valladolid | Castile and León | 301,798 |
| 4 | Zaragoza | Aragon | 699,007 | 14 | Vigo | Galicia | 295,735 |
| 5 | Seville | Andalusia | 688,714 | 15 | L'Hospitalet | Catalonia | 292,161 |
| 6 | Málaga | Andalusia | 597,173 | 16 | Gijón | Principality of Asturias | 271,259 |
| 7 | Murcia | Region of Murcia | 477,631 | 17 | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Basque Country | 260,402 |
| 8 | Palma | Balearic Islands | 443,196 | 18 | A Coruña | Galicia | 251,277 |
| 9 | Las Palmas | Canary Islands | 384,023 | 19 | Elche | Valencian Community | 245,575 |
| 10 | Alicante | Valencian Community | 365,586 | 20 | Granada | Andalusia | 235,294 |

* Spain. *The World Factbook*. Central Intelligence Agency.
* Spain from *UCB Libraries GovPubs*
* Spain from the BBC News
* Key Development Forecasts for Spain from International Futures

Government
* E-Government portal for Spain

Maps
* Geographic data related to Spain at OpenStreetMap

Tourism
* Official tourism portal for Spain