Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Schizoaffective disorder

Schizoaffective disorder

class of disease, mental disorder| Subclass of | psychotic disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar spectrum  |
| Health specialty | psychiatry, clinical psychology  |
| ICD-9-CM | 295.7  |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C94378  |

**Schizoaffective disorder** be a mental disorder wey be characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia (psychosis) den a mood disorder, either bipolar disorder anaa depression. De main diagnostic criterion be de presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks widout prominent mood symptoms. Common symptoms dey include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech den thinking, as well as mood episodes. Schizoaffective disorder fi often be misdiagnosed wen de correct diagnosis fi be psychotic depression, bipolar I disorder, schizophreniform disorder, anaa schizophrenia. Dis be a problem as treatment den prognosis differ greatly for chaw of dese diagnoses. Chaw people plus schizoaffective disorder get oda mental disorders wey dey include anxiety disorders.

Der be three forms of schizoaffective disorder: bipolar anaa manic type (wey symptoms of schizophrenia den mania mark), depressive type (weyy symptoms of schizophrenia den depression mark), den mixed type (wey symptoms of schizophrenia, depression, den mania mark). Auditory hallucinations most be common. De onset of symptoms usually dey begin insyd adolescence anaa young adulthood.

## Read further

* Moore, D.P.; Jefferson, J.W. (2004). *Handbook of medical psychiatry* (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-0-323-02911-7.
* Goetzt, C.G. (2003). *Textbook of clinical neurology* (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-7216-3800-3.
# Drug withdrawal

drug withdrawal

| Subclass of | syndrome  |
| Has cause | termination  |
| Has effect | withdrawal symptom  |
| Health specialty | psychiatry, narcology, psychology  |

**Drug withdrawal**, **drug withdrawal syndrome**, anaa **substance withdrawal syndrome** be de group of symptoms wey dey occur upon de abrupt discontinuation anaa decrease insyd de intake of pharmaceutical anaa recreational drugs.

In order for de symptoms of withdrawal to occur, one for first develop a form of drug dependence. Dis fi occur as physical dependence, psychological dependence, anaa both. Drug dependence dey develop from consuming one anaa more substances over a period of time.

Dependence dey arise insyd a dose-dependent manner den dey produce withdrawal symptoms wey dey vary plus de type of drug wey be consumed. For example, prolonged use of an antidepressant medication likely be to cause a rada different reaction wen dem discontinue compared to discontinuation of an opioid, such as heroin. Withdrawal symptoms from opiates dey include joint, bone den muscle pain, anxiety, cold sweats, increased heart rate den blood pressure, dilated pupils, vomiting, den diarrhea. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms dey include irritability, fatigue, shaking, sweating, den nausea. Withdrawal from nicotine fi cause irritability, fatigue, insomnia, headache, den difficulty concentrating. Chaw prescription den legal nonprescription substances sanso fi cause withdrawal symptoms wen individuals stop dey consume dem, even if dem be taken as directed by a physician.

De route of administration, whether intravenous, intramuscular, oral, anaa otherwise, sanso fi play a role in determining de severity of withdrawal symptoms. Der be different stages of withdrawal as well; generally, a person go start to feel bad (crash anaa comedown), progress to feeling worse, hit a plateau, den then de symptoms dey begin to dissipate. However, withdrawal from certain drugs (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol, glucocorticoids) fi be fatal. While e be seldom fatal to de user, withdrawal from opiates (den sam oda drugs) fi cause cardiac arrest insyd sam cases, den miscarriages secof fetal withdrawal. Dem dey use de term "cold turkey" to describe de sudden cessation of use of a substance den de ensuing physiologic manifestations.

De symptoms from withdrawal fi be even more dramatic wen de drug mask prolonged malnutrition, disease, chronic pain, infections (common insyd intravenous drug use), anaa sleep deprivation, conditions wey drug abusers often dey develop as a secondary consequence of de drug. Wen dem remove de drug, dese conditions fi resurface den be confused plus withdrawal symptoms. Genes wey encode give de alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor dey affect nicotine den alcohol withdrawal symptoms.