# Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln

human| Ein sex anaa gender | male  |
| Ein country of citizenship | United States  |
| Name in native language | Abraham Lincoln  |
| Name wey dem give am | Abraham  |
| Family name | Lincoln  |
| Ein date of birth | 12 February 1809  |
| Place dem born am | Sinking Spring Farm  |
| Date wey edie | 15 April 1865  |
| Place wey edie | Petersen House  |
| Manner of death | homicide  |
| Cause of death | shot to the head  |
| Killed by | John Wilkes Booth  |
| Place wey dem bury am | Lincoln Tomb  |
| Ein poppie | Thomas Lincoln  |
| Mummie | Nancy Hanks Lincoln  |
| Sibling | Sarah Lincoln Grigsby, Thomas Lincoln, Jr.  |
| Spouse | Mary Todd Lincoln  |
| Kiddie | Edward Baker Lincoln, Tad Lincoln, Robert Todd Lincoln, William Wallace Lincoln  |
| Family | Lincoln family  |
| Significant person | Joshua Fry Speed  |
| Native language | American English  |
| Languages edey speak, rep anaa sign | English, American English  |
| Writing language | English  |
| Position ehold | United States representative, President of the United States, member of the Illinois House of Representatives, President-elect of the United States, president  |
| Residence | Springfield, Washington, D.C., Perry County, Hodgenville, Lincoln's New Salem  |
| Work location | Springfield, Washington, D.C.  |
| Political party ein member | Republican Party, Whig Party, National Union Party  |
| Candidacy in election | 1860 United States presidential election, 1864 United States presidential election, 1846 United States House of Representatives elections  |
| Ethnic group |   |
| Religion anaa worldview | Baptists, ietsism  |
| Facial hair | chin curtain  |
| Wears | top hat  |
| Military, police or special rank | captain  |
| Participated in conflict | Black Hawk War, American Civil War  |
| Military branch | Illinois National Guard  |
| Notable work | Gettysburg Address  |
| Dey archive for | Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library  |
| Artist files at | Smithsonian American Art and Portrait Gallery Library  |
| Owner of | Lincoln Bible, Fido, Abraham Lincoln's patent  |
| Influenced by | Bible, Sufferings in Africa, The Pilgrim’s Progress  |
| Significant event | funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln, first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, assassination of Abraham Lincoln, second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln  |
| Present in work | Who's Who in Star Trek 1  |
| Depicted by | Lincoln, Evil Con Carne  |
| Copyright status as creator | copyrights on works have expired  |

**Abraham Lincoln** (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) na he be de 16th presido of de United States, wey he serve from 1861 til ein assassination insyd 1865. Na he lead de United States thru de American Civil War, wey na he defeat de Confederate States of America wey na he play a major role insyd de abolition of slavery.

Na dem born Lincoln into poverty insyd Kentucky wey dem raise am on de frontier. Na he be self-educated wey na he cam turn a lawyer, Illinois state legislator, den U.S. representative. Angered by de Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854, wich na e open de territories to slavery, he cam turn a leader of de new Republican Party. Na he reach a national audience insyd de 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Na Lincoln win de 1860 presidential election, buh na de South view ein election as a threat to slavery, wey na de Southern states begin dey secede make dem form de Confederate States of America. A month after na Lincoln assume de presidency, Confederate forces attack Fort Sumter, wey start de Civil War.

Na Lincoln, a moderate Republican, for navigate a contentious array of factions insyd make he dey manage de war effort. Na he suspend de writ of *habeas corpus* insyd April 1861, an action wey na Chief Justice Roger Taney find unconstitutional insyd *Ex parte Merryman*, wey na he avert war plus Britain by defusing de *Trent* Affair. On January 1, 1863, na he issued de Emancipation Proclamation, wich declare de slaves insyd de states "insyd rebellion" make dem be free. On November 19, 1863, na he deliver de Gettysburg Address, wich cam be one of de most famous speeches insyd American history. Na Lincoln closely supervise de strategy den tactics insyd de war effort, wey dey include de selection of generals, wey he implement a naval blockade of Southern ports. Na he promote de Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, wich, insyd 1865, na dem abolish slavery, except as punishment for a crime. Na dem re-elect am insyd 1864, na he sought make he heal de war-torn nation thru Reconstruction.

On April 14, 1865, five days after de Confederate surrender at Appomattox, na he dey attend a play at Ford's Theatre insyd Washington, D.C., wen na dem shoot am fatally by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth. Dem dey kai Lincoln as a martyr den a national hero for ein wartime leadership den for ein efforts make he preserve de Union den abolish slavery. Dem often dey rank am insyd both popular den scholarly polls as de greatest presido insyd American history.

## Family den kiddie time

### Early life

Na dem born Abraham Lincoln on February 12, 1809, insyd a log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky. De second kiddie of Thomas Lincoln den Nancy Hanks Lincoln, na he be a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman wey migrate from England to Massachusetts insyd 1638, den of de Harrison family of Virginia.Na ein paternal grandpoppie den namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln, move de family from Virginia to Kentucky. Na dem kill de captain insyd a Native American raid insyd 1786. Na Thomas, Abraham ein poppie, then work at odd jobs insyd Kentucky den Tennessee before de family settle insyd Hardin County, Kentucky, insyd de early 1800s. Na Lincoln mommie Nancy be widely assumed she be de daughter of Lucy Hanks. Na Thomas den Nancy marry on June 12, 1806, wey dem move to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. Na dem get three kiddies: Sarah, Abraham, den Thomas, wey die as an infant.

### Education den move to Illinois

Na Lincoln be largely self-educated. Na ein formal schooling be from itinerant teachers. Na e include two short stints insyd Kentucky, wer na he learn to read, buh probably no be to write. After he move to Indiana at age seven, he attend school only sporadically, for a total of less dan 12 months by age 15. Nonetheless, na he be an avid reader wey na he retain a lifelong interest insyd learning.

Wen na Lincoln be a teenager na ein poppie rely heavily on am for farmwork den for supplementary income, he hire de boy out to area farmers wey he pocket de money, as na e be allowed by law at de time. Na Lincoln den sam paddies take goods by flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana, wer na he first witness slave markets.

### Marriage den kiddies

Mary Todd Lincoln plus Willie den Tad
Sam historians, such as Michael Burlingame, identify Lincoln ein first romantic interest as Ann Rutledge, a young woman wey sanso be from Kentucky wey na he meet wen he move to New Salem, Illinois. Lewis Gannett, however, dey dispute dat de evidence dey support a romantic relationship between de two. David Herbert Donald dey state dat "How dat friendship [between Lincoln den Rutledge] develope into a romance dem no fi reconstruct from de record". Na Rutledge die on August 25, 1835, of typhoid fever. Na Lincoln take ein death very hard, wey he sink into a serious depression wey na he contemplate suicide.

Insyd de early 1830s, na he meet Mary Owens wey komot Kentucky. Late insyd 1836, na Lincoln agree to a match plus Owens if she return to New Salem. Na Owens arrive dat November wey na he court am, buh na dem both get second thoughts. On August 16, 1837, na he wrep Owens a letter saying he no go blame am if na she end de relationship, wey she decline make she marry am. Insyd 1839, na Lincoln meet Mary Todd insyd Springfield, Illinois, wey na dem engaged de year wey dey follow year. Na she be de daughter of Robert Smith Todd, a wealthy lawyer den businessman insyd Lexington, Kentucky. Na Lincoln initially break off de engagement insyd early 1841, buh na de two reconciled den marry on November 4, 1842. Insyd 1844, na de couple buy a house insyd Springfield near ein law office.

### Early vocations den militia service

## Early political offices den prairie lawyer

### Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln ein home insyd Springfield, Illinois, wer na he reside from 1844 til he cam be presido insyd 1861
Insyd Lincoln ein second state house campaign insyd 1834, dis time as a Whig den supporter of Whig leader Henry Clay, na he fini second among thirteen candidates wey dey run for four places. Na Lincoln echo Clay ein support for de American Colonization Society, wich na advocate abolition in conjunction plus settling freed slaves insyd Liberia. Na de Whigs sanso favor economic modernization insyd banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements such as railroads, den urbanization.

Na Lincoln serve four terms insyd de Illinois House of Representatives give Sangamon County. Insyd dis role, na he champion construction of de Illinois den Michigan Canal. Na Lincoln sanso vote make dem expand suffrage beyond White landowners to all White men. Na dem admit Lincoln to de Illinois bar on September 9, 1836. Na he move to Springfield wey he begin dey practice law under John T. Stuart, Mary Todd ein cousin. Na he partner for chaw years plus Stephen T. Logan den, insyd 1844, he begin ein practice plus William Herndon.

### U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

Insyd 1843, na Lincoln sought de Whig nomination for Illinois ein 7th district seat insyd de U.S. House of Representatives; na John J. Hardin be de successful candidate, though na Lincoln prevail plus de party insyd limiting Hardin to one term. Na Lincoln no gain de nomination insyd 1846 per, buh sanso win de election. De Whig per insyd de Illinois delegation, na dem assign am to de Committee on Post Office and Post Roads den de Committee on Expenditures insyd de War Department. Na Lincoln team plus Joshua R. Giddings on a bill make dem abolish slavery insyd de District of Columbia, buh na he drop de bill wen na e fail make e attract support from chaw oda Whigs.

### Prairie lawyer

Insyd ein Springfield practice, according to Donald, na Lincoln handle "virtually every kind of business wey fi cam before a prairie lawyer". Na he deal plus chaw transportation cases insyd de midst of de nation ein western expansion, particularly river barge conflicts under de new railroad bridges. Insyd 1849 na he receive a patent for a flotation device for de movement of riverboats insyd shallow water wey na Lincoln initially favor riverboat legal interests, buh na he represent whoever hire am. Na he represent a bridge company against a riverboat company insyd *Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Company*, a landmark case wey dey involve a canal boat wey sink after e hit a bridge. Na dem never commercialize ein patent, buh na e make Lincoln de presido per wey hold a patent. Na Lincoln appear before de Illinois Supreme Court insyd 411 cases. From 1853 to 1860, na one of ein largest clients be de Illinois Central Railroad, wey na Lincoln successfully sue make he recover ein legal fees.

## Republican politics (1854–1860)

### Emergence as Republican leader

Lincoln insyd 1858, de year of ein debates plus Stephen Douglas over slavery
Na de Compromise of 1850 fail to alleviate tensions over slavery between de slave-holding South den de free North. As de slavery debate insyd de Nebraska den Kansas territories cam be particularly acrimonious, na Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas propose popular sovereignty as a compromise; de measure go allow se electorate of each territory make dem decide de status of slavery. Na de legislation alarm chaw Northerners, wey sought make dem prevent de spread of slavery, buh na Douglas ein Kansas–Nebraska Act narrowly pass Congress insyd May 1854. Lincoln ein Peoria Speech of October 1854, insyd wich na he declare ein opposition to slavery, be one of over 170 speeches he deliver insyd de next six years on de topic of excluding slavery from de territories. Na Lincoln ein attacks on de Kansas–Nebraska Act mark ein return to political life.

#### 1856 campaign

Na violent political confrontations insyd Kansas continue, den opposition to de Kansas–Nebraska Act remain strong thru out de North. As na de 1856 elections approach, Lincoln join de Republicans wey he attend de Bloomington Convention, wer na dem establish de Illinois Republican Party. Na de convention platform endorse Congress ein right to regulate slavery insyd de territories wey dem back de admission of Kansas as a free state. Na Lincoln give de final speech of de convention, wey dey call for de preservation of de Union. At de June 1856 Republican National Convention, na Lincoln receive support make he run as vice pee, buh ultimately na de party put forward a ticket of John C. Frémont den William Dayton, wich na Lincoln support thru out Illinois. Na de Democrats nominate James Buchanan den de Know Nothings nominate Millard Fillmore. Na Buchanan prevail, while na Republican William Henry Bissell win election as Governor of Illinois, wey na Lincoln cam be a leading Republican insyd Illinois.

#### *Dred Scott v. Sandford*

Na Dred Scott be a slave wey ein master take am from a slave state to a territory wey na be free as a result of de Missouri Compromise. After na Scott return to de slave state, na he petition a federal court for ein freedom. Na dem deny ein petition insyd *Dred Scott v. Sandford* (1857).

### Lincoln–Douglas debates den Cooper Union speech

### 1860 presidential election

On May 9–10, 1860, na dem hold de Illinois Republican State Convention insyd Decatur. Dey exploit ein embellished frontier legend of clearing land den splitting fence rails, na Lincoln ein supporters adopt de label of "The Rail Candidate". On May 18 at de Republican National Convention insyd Chicago, Lincoln win de nomination on de third ballot. Na dem nominate a former Democrat, Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, for vice president make he balance de ticket.

On November 6, 1860, na dem elect Lincoln as de first Republican president. Na ein victory entirely be secof ein support insyd de North den West. Na dem no cast ballots give am insyd 10 of de 15 Southern slave states. Na Lincoln receive 1,866,452 votes, anaa 39.8 percent of de total insyd a four-way race, wey he carry de free Northern states, as well as California den Oregon, wey he win de electoral vote decisively.

## Assassination

Na John Wilkes Booth be a well-known actor den a Confederate spy wey komot Maryland; though he never join de Confederate army, na he get contacts within de Confederate secret service. After attending Lincoln ein last public address, on April 11, 1865, insyd wich na Lincoln state ein preference dat de franchise be conferred on sam Black men, specifically "on de very intelligent, den on those wey serve wona cause as soldiers", na Booth plot make he assassinate de Presido. Wen na Booth learn of de Lincolns dema intent make dem attend a play plus Grant, he plan make he assassinate Lincoln den Grant at Ford's Theatre. Na Lincoln den ein wifey attend de play *Our American Cousin* on de evening of April 14. At de last minute, na Grant decide make he go to New Jersey to visit ein kiddies instead of attending.

At 10:15 pm, na Booth enter Lincoln ein theater box, creep up from behind, wey na he fire at de back of Lincoln ein head, mortally wounding am. Na Lincoln ein guest, Major Henry Rathbone, momentarily grapple plus Booth, buh Booth stab am den escape. After he be attended by Doctor Charles Leale den two oda doctors, na dem take Lincoln across de street to Petersen House. Na he remain insyd a coma for nine hours wey he die at 7:22 am on April 15. Na dem wrap Lincoln ein body insyd a flag wey na dem place am insyd a coffin, wich na dem load into a hearse wey na dem escort to de White House by Union soldiers. Na dem swear in Johnson as presido later dat same day. Two weeks later, na dem locate Booth, dem shoot, den kill am at a farm insyd Virginia by Sergeant Boston Corbett.

### Memorials den commemorations

* Dem carve Lincoln ein image into de stone of Mount Rushmore
* Na dem issue de Lincoln memorial postage stamp of 1866 by de U.S. Post Office exactly one year after Lincoln ein assassination.
* Lincoln Memorial insyd Washington, D.C.
* De Lincoln cent, an American coin wey dey portray Lincoln

* Ambrose, Stephen E. (1996). *Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff*. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807155394.
* Avlon, John (2023). *Lincoln and the Fight for Peace*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781982108137.
* Baker, Jean H. (1989). *Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography*. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393305869.
* Bartelt, William E. (2008). *There I Grew Up: Remembering Abraham Lincoln's Indiana Youth*. Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 9780871952639.
* Belz, Herman (1998). *Abraham Lincoln, Constitutionalism, and Equal Rights in the Civil War Era*. Fordham University Press. ISBN 9780823217687.
* Belz, Herman (2014). "Lincoln, Abraham". In Frohnen, Bruce; Beer, Jeremy; Nelson, Jeffrey O. (eds.). *American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia*. Open Road Media. ISBN 9781932236439.

* Blue, Frederick J. (1987). *Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics*. Kent State University Press. ISBN 9780873383400.
* Bollet, Alfred (2004). *Plagues & Poxes: The Impact of Human History on Epidemic Disease*. Springer. ISBN 9781888799798.
* Boritt, Gabor S.; Pinsker, Matthew (2002). "Abraham Lincoln". In Graff, Henry (ed.). *The Presidents: A Reference History* (7th ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 9780684805511.
* Braden, Waldo (1993). *Abraham Lincoln: Public Speaker*. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807118528.
* Brownlee, W. Elliot (2004). *Federal Taxation in America: A Short History*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521545204.
* Bulla, David W.; Borchard, Gregory A. (2010). *Journalism in the Civil War Era*. Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433107221.
* Burlingame, Michael (2008). *Abraham Lincoln: A Life*. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801894671.

* Carwardine, Richard J. (2003). *Lincoln*. Pearson Longman. ISBN 9780582032798.
* Carwardine, Richard; Sexton, Jay, eds. (2011). *The Global Lincoln*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195379112.
* Cashin, Joan E. (2002). *The War was You and Me: Civilians in the American Civil War*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691091747.
* Chesebrough, David B. (1994). *No Sorrow Like Our Sorrow: Northern Protestant Ministers and the Assassination of Lincoln*. Kent State University Press. ISBN 9780873384919.
* Clodfelter, Michael (1998). *The Dakota War: the United States Army versus the Sioux, 1862–1865*. McFarland. ISBN 0786404191.
* Collea, Joseph D., Jr. (2018). *New York and the Lincoln Specials: The President's Pre-Inaugural and Funeral Trains Cross the Empire State*. McFarland. ISBN 9781476633244.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

* Craughwell, Thomas (2009). *Stealing Lincoln's Body*. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674029972.
* Dennis, Matthew (2018). *Red, White, and Blue Letter Days: An American Calendar*. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501723704.
* Diamant, Rolf; Carr, Ethan (2022). *Olmsted and Yosemite: Civil War, Abolition, and the National Park Idea*. Library of America Landscape History. ISBN 9781952620348.
* Diggins, John P. (1986). *The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism*. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226148779.
* Donald, David Herbert (1996). *Lincoln*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684825359.
* Doyle, Don (2014). *The Cause of All Nations: An International History of the American Civil War*. Basic Books. ISBN 9780465029679.
* Edgar, Walter B. (1998). *South Carolina: A History*. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9781570032554.

* Emerson, Jason (2009). *Lincoln the Inventor*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809328987.
* Field, Ron (2011). *Garibaldi: Leadership, Strategy, Conflict*. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781849083218.
* Finkelman, Paul (2018). "Military conflict on the Minnesota homefront". In Finkelman, Paul; Kennon, Donald (eds.). *Civil War Congress and the Creation of Modern America*. Ohio University Press. pp. 118–167. ISBN 9780821423387.
* Foner, Eric (2010). *The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery*. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393066180.
* Goodrich, Thomas (2005). *The Darkest Dawn: Lincoln, Booth, and the Great American Tragedy*. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253345677.
* Goodwin, Doris Kearns (2005). *Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684824901.
* Graebner, Norman (1959). "Abraham Lincoln: conservative statesman". In Basler, Roy Prentice (ed.). *The Enduring Lincoln: Lincoln Sesquicentennial Lectures at the University of Illinois*. University of Illinois Press. OCLC 428674.

* Green, Michael S. (2021). *Lincoln and Native Americans*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809338252.
* Greenberg, Amy (2012). *A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico*. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780307592699.
* Guelzo, Allen C. (1999). *Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802838728.
* Guelzo, Allen C. (2004). *Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743221825.
* Guelzo, Allen C. (2008). "A. Lincoln, philosopher: Lincoln's place in nineteenth-century intellectual history". In Fornieri, Joseph R.; Gabbard, Sara Vaughn (eds.). *Lincoln's America: 1809–1865*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809387137.
* Guelzo, Allen C. (2009). "Abraham Lincoln and the Doctrine of Necessity". *Abraham Lincoln as a Man of Ideas*. Southern Illinois University. pp. 27–48.
* Harrison, Lowell (2010). *Lincoln of Kentucky*. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813129402.

* Harris, William C. (2007). *Lincoln's Rise to the Presidency*. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700615209.
* Harris, William C. (2011). *Lincoln and the Border States: Preserving the Union*. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700620562.
* Havers, Grant N. (2009). *Lincoln and the Politics of Christian Love*. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826218575.
* Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T.; Coles, David J., eds. (2002). *Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History*. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393047585.
* Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T. (2006). *The Mexican War*. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313327926.
* Herring, George (2008). *From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195078220.
* Hodes, Martha (2015). *Mourning Lincoln*. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300213560.
* Holzer, Harold (2004). *Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech That Made Abraham Lincoln President*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743299640.

* Jaffa, Harry V. (2000). *A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War*. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780847699520.
* Jones, Howard (1995). "History and mythology: the crisis over British intervention in the Civil War". In May, Robert E. (ed.). *The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic rim*. Purdue University Press. pp. 29–68. ISBN 9781557530615.
* Kelley, Robin D. G.; Lewis, Earl (2005). *To Make Our World Anew*. Vol. I: A History of African Americans to 1880. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198040064.
* Kent, David (2022). *Lincoln: The Fire of Genius*. Globe Pequot. ISBN 9781493063888.
* Koehn, Nancy (2017). *Forged in Crisis: The Making of Five Legendary Leaders*. Scribner. ISBN 9781501174445.
* Lamb, Brian P.; Swain, Susan, eds. (2008). *Abraham Lincoln: Great American Historians on Our Sixteenth President*. PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781586486761.

* Lincoln, Abraham (1953). *Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln*. Vol. 4. Rutgers University Press.
* Lundberg, James M. (2019). *Horace Greeley: Print, Politics, and the Failure of American Nationhood*. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9781421432885.
* Madison, James H. (2014). *Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana*. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253013088.
* Mahin, Dean (1999). *One War at a Time: The International Dimensions of the American Civil War*. Brassey's. ISBN 1574882090.
* Manning, Alan (2016). *Father Lincoln*. Lyons Press. ISBN 9781493018239.
* Mansch, Larry D. (2005). *Abraham Lincoln, President-elect: The Four Critical Months from Election to Inauguration*. McFarland. ISBN 9780786420261.
* Mansfield, Stephen (2012). *Lincoln's Battle with God*. Thomas Nelson. ISBN 9781595553096.
* Marvel, William (2008). *Lincoln's Darkest Year: the war in 1862*. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780547523866.
* McClintock, Russell (2008). *Lincoln and the Decision for War*. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807886328.

* McGinty, Brian (2015). *Lincoln's Greatest Case: The River, the Bridge, and the Making of America*. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780871407856.
* McGovern, George S. (2009). *Abraham Lincoln: The American Presidents Series: The 16th President, 1861–1865*. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9780805083453.
* McPherson, James M. (1992). *Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195076066.
* McPherson, James M. (2009). *Abraham Lincoln*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195374520.
* Meacham, Jon (2022). *And There Was Light: Abraham Lincoln and the American Struggle*. Random House. ISBN 9780553393965.
* Murrin, John (2006). *Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People*. Clark Baxter. ISBN 9780495915881.
* Myers, Marshall (2018). *The Rhetoric of Lincoln's Letters*. McFarland. ISBN 9781476631158.
* Neely, Mark; Holzer, Harold (2006). *The Lincoln Family Album*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809327133.

* Noll, Mark A. (2002). *America's God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195151114.
* Paludan, Phillip Shaw (1994). *The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln*. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700606719.
* Parini, Jay (1992). *Gore Vidal: Writer Against the Grain*. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0233987967.
* Peck, Garrett (2015). *Walt Whitman in Washington, D.C.: The Civil War and America's Great Poet*. The History Press. ISBN 9781626199736.
* Peterson, Merrill (1995). *Lincoln in American Memory*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198023043.
* Potter, David M. (1977). *The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848–1861*. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061319297.
* Randall, James Garfield (1962). *Lincoln: The Liberal Statesman*. Dodd, Mead & Co.
* Rhea, Gordon (2001). *The Battle of Cold Harbor*. U.S. National Park Service and Eastern National. ISBN 1888213701.

* Samuels, Shirley (2012). *The Cambridge Companion to Abraham Lincoln*. Cambridge Companions to American Studies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521193160.
* Sandburg, Carl (2002). *Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years*. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780156027526.
* Schaffer, Jeffrey P. (1999). *Yosemite National Park: A Natural History Guide to Yosemite and Its Trails*. Wilderness Press. ISBN 9780899972442.
* Schroeder-Lein, Glenna R. (2012). *Lincoln and Medicine*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809331949.
* Schwartz, Barry (2000). *Abraham Lincoln and the Forge of National Memory*. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226741970.
* Schwartz, Barry (2008). *Abraham Lincoln in the Post-Heroic Era: History and Memory in Late Twentieth-Century America*. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226741888.
* Sears, Stephen W. (1988). *George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon*. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80913-3.
* Silver, David (1998). *Lincoln's Supreme Court*. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252067198.

* Simon, Paul (1990). *Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Legislative Years*. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252002038.
* Smith, Robert C. (2010). *Conservatism and Racism, and Why in America They Are the Same*. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9781438432335.
* Steers, Edward Jr. (2010). *The Lincoln Assassination Encyclopedia*. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061787751.
* Striner, Richard (2006). *Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195183061.
* Taranto, James; Leo, Leonard, eds. (2004). *Presidential Leadership: Rating the Best and the Worst in the White House*. Free Press. ISBN 9780743254335.

* Thomas, Benjamin P. (2008). *Abraham Lincoln: A Biography*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809328871.
* Thomas, Benjamin Platt; Hyman, Harold Melvin (1962). *Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War*. Alfred A. Knopf.
* Thompson, Todd (2015). *The National Joker: Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Satire*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809334230.
* Trefousse, Hans L. (1989). *Andrew Johnson: A Biography*. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393317428.
* Trefousse, Hans L. (1999). "Lincoln and race relations". In Hubbard, Charles (ed.). *Abraham Lincoln and His Contemporaries*. Mercer University Press. pp. 87–100. ISBN 9780865546271.
* Vile, John R. (2003). "Lincoln, Abraham (1809–1865)". *Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendments: Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues 1789–2002* (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851094288.

* Vorenberg, Michael (2001). *Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521652674.
* Weisman, Steven R. (2002). *The Great Tax Wars: Lincoln to Wilson—The Fierce Battles over Money and Power That Transformed the Nation*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684850680.
* White, Ronald C. (2009). *A. Lincoln: A Biography*. Random House. ISBN 9781588367754.
* White, Jonathan W. (2011). *Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman*. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807142158.
* Wills, Garry (2012). *Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words that Remade America*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781439126455.
* Wilson, Douglas L. (1999). *Honor's Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln*. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780307765819.
* Winik, Jay (2006) [2001]. *April 1865: The Month That Saved America*. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060899684.

* Winkle, Kenneth J. (2001). *The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln*. Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 9781461734369.
* Winkle, Kenneth J. (2011). *Abraham and Mary Lincoln*. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809379996.
* Work, David (2024). *Lincoln's Political Generals*. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252056888.
* Young, Alfred C., III (2013). *Lee's Army during the Overland Campaign: A Numerical Study*. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807151723.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Zarefsky, David (1993). *Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate*. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226978765.

* United States Congress. "Abraham Lincoln (id: L000313)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
* Works by or about Abraham Lincoln at the Internet Archive
* Works by Abraham Lincoln at Project Gutenberg
* Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
* Abraham Lincoln Association
* Abraham Lincoln: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
* Papers of Abraham Lincoln Digital Library from Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library -- A digitization of all documents written by or to Abraham Lincoln during his lifetime
* Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln – complete collected works as edited by Basler et al. (1958) – an online edition available through University of Michigan Library Digital Collections
* Lincoln/Net: Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project – Northern Illinois University Digital Library
* The Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division in the Library of Congress
* "Writings of Abraham Lincoln" from C-SPAN's *American Writers: A Journey Through History*, June 18, 2001