# Eritrea

Eritrea

sovereign state, country| Year dem found am | 24 May 1993  |
| Official name | دولة إرتريا, ሃገረ ኤርትራ, État d'Érythrée  |
| Native label | إرترة, ኤርትራ  |
| IPA transcription | ɛɾɪˈtɾeːɑ  |
| Dem name after | Red Sea  |
| Official language | Tigrinya, Arabic, English  |
| Anthem | Ertra, Ertra, Ertra  |
| Culture | culture of Eritrea  |
| Continent | Africa  |
| Country | Eritrea  |
| Capital | Asmara  |
| Located in time zone | UTC+03:00, Africa/Addis\_Ababa  |
| Located in/on physical feature | East Africa  |
| Coordinate location | 15°29′0″N 38°15′0″E  |
| Coordinates of easternmost point | 12°42′49″N 43°8′13″E  |
| Coordinates of northernmost point | 18°1′14″N 38°34′57″E  |
| Coordinates of southernmost point | 12°21′17″N 42°42′3″E  |
| Coordinates of westernmost point | 15°10′3″N 36°26′0″E  |
| Highest point | Emba Soira  |
| Lowest point | Lake Kulul  |
| Government ein basic form |   |
| Office held by head of state | President of Eritrea  |
| State ein head | Isaias Afwerki  |
| Office head of government hold | President of Eritrea  |
| Government ein head | Isaias Afwerki  |
| Legislative body | National Assembly  |
| Central bank | Bank of Eritrea  |
| Public holiday | Independence Day  |
| Currency | nakfa  |
| Dey share bother plus | Sudan, Djibouti, Ethiopia, League of Arab States  |
| Driving side | right  |
| Electrical plug type | Europlug, Type L  |
| Studied by | Eritrean studies  |
| Dema official website |   |
| Hashtag | Eritrea, State-of-Eritrea  |
| Top-level Internet domain | .er  |
| Flag | flag of Eritrea  |
| Coat of arms | emblem of Eritrea  |
| Geography of topic | Geography of Eritrea  |
| Get characteristic | not-free country  |
| History of topic | history of Eritrea  |
| ‎most populous urban area | Asmara  |
| Economy of topic | economy of Eritrea  |
| Demographics of topic | demographics of Eritrea  |
| Mobile country code | 657  |
| Country calling code | +291  |
| Trunk prefix | no value  |
| Emergency phone number | 114, 113, 116  |
| Licence plate code | ER  |
| Maritime identification digits | 625  |
| Unicode character | 🇪🇷  |
| Category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Eritrea  |

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
**Eritrea** (/ˌɛrɪˈtriːə/ ⓘ *ERR-ih-TREE-ə* anaa /-ˈtreɪ-/ *-⁠TRAY-*;), alias **State of Eritrea**, be sam country for de Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa insyd, wey ein capital den largest city be Asmara. Edey share border plus Ethiopia for de south insyd, Sudan for de west insyd, den Djibouti for de southeast insyd. De northeastern den eastern parts of Eritrea get sam extensive coastline along de Red Sea. De nation get sam total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), wey dey include de Dahlak Archipelago den several of de Hanish Islands.

Contemporary Eritrea be multi-ethnic country plus nine ethnic groups dem recognise. Dem dey speak nine different languages by de nine ethnic groups dem recognise, de most widely language dem dey speak be Tigrinya, de odas be Tigre, Saho, Kunama, Nara, Afar, Beja, Bilen den Arabic. Tigrinya, Arabic, English den Italian dey serve as de four working languages. Chaw residents dey speak languages from de Afroasiatic family, either of de Ethiopian Semitic languages anaa Cushitic branches. Among dese communities, de Tigrinyas dey make up about 50% of de population, plus de Tigre people wey dey constitute around 30% of inhabitants. For addition, der be several Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic groups. Chaw people for de country insyd dey adhere to Christianity anaa Islam, plus small minority wey dey adher to traditional faiths.

Eritrea be member of de African Union, de United Nations, den de Intergovernmental Authority on Development, wey e sanso be observer state for de Arab League insyd alongsyd Brazil den Venezuela.

## Administrative divisions

Dem divide Eritrea go six administrative regions. Dem further divide dese areas go 58 districts.

Regions of Eritrea| Region | Area (km2) | Capital |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Central | 1,300 | Asmara |
| Anseba | 23,200 | Keren |
| Gash-Barka | 33,200 | Barentu |
| Southern | 8,000 | Mendefera |
| Northern Red Sea | 27,800 | Massawa |
| Southern Red Sea | 27,600 | Assab |

## Demographics

| Largest cities anaa towns insyd Eritrea

Geonames |
| --- |
| Rank | Name | Region | Pop. |
| 1 | Asmara | Maekel | 963,000 |
| 2 | Keren | Anseba | 120,000 |
| 3 | Dekemhare | Debub | 120,000 |
| 4 | Massawa | Semienawi Keyih Bahri | 54,090 |
| 5 | Mendefera | Debub | 53,000 |
| 6 | Assab | Debubawi Keyih Bahri | 28,000 |
| 7 | Barentu | Gash-Barka | 15,891 |
| 8 | Adi Keyh | Debub | 13,061 |
| 9 | Edd | Southern Red Sea | 11,259 |
| 10 | Ak'ordat | Gash-Barka | 8,857 |

## Read further

* Beretekeab, R. (2000); *Eritrea: The Making of a Nation 1890–1991*. Thesis. Uppsala University, Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-506-1387-2. OCLC 632423867.
* Cliffe, Lionel; Connell, Dan; Davidson, Basil (2005), *Taking on the Superpowers: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1976–1982)*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-188-0
* Cliffe, Lionel & Davidson, Basil (1988), *The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace*. Spokesman Press, ISBN 0-85124-463-7
* Connell, Dan (1997), *Against All Odds: A Chronicle of the Eritrean Revolution With a New Afterword on the Postwar Transition*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-046-9
* Connell, Dan (2001), *Rethinking Revolution: New Strategies for Democracy & Social Justice: The Experiences of Eritrea, South Africa, Palestine & Nicaragua*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-145-7
* Connell, Dan (2004), *Conversations with Eritrean Political Prisoners*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-235-6
* Connell, Dan (2005), *Building a New Nation: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1983–2002)*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-198-8
* Firebrace, James & Holand, Stuart (1985), *Never Kneel Down: Drought, Development and Liberation in Eritrea*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 0-932415-00-8
* Drudi, Emilio (2021). *Una storia eritrea. Beyan, Adam, Amr*. Calamaro Edizioni. ISBN 978-88-944639-2-7
* Gebre-Medhin, Jordan (1989), *Peasants and Nationalism in Eritrea*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 0-932415-38-5
* Hatem Elliesie: *Decentralisation of Higher Education in Eritrea*, Afrika Spectrum, Vol. 43 (2008) No. 1, p. 115–120.
* Hedberg, I. (1996), van der Maesen, L. J. G.; van der Burgt, X. M.; van Medenbach de Rooy, J. M. (eds.), "Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea", *The Biodiversity of African Plants: Proceedings XIVth AETFAT Congress 22–27 August 1994, Wageningen, The Netherlands*, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 802–804, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0285-5\_104, ISBN 978-94-009-0285-5, retrieved 21 March 2024
* Hill, Justin (2002), *Ciao Asmara, A classic account of contemporary Africa*. Little, Brown, ISBN 978-0-349-11526-9
* Iyob, Ruth (1997), *The Eritrean Struggle for Independence: Domination, Resistance, Nationalism, 1941–1993*. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-59591-6
* Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique; Plaut, Martin (2004), *Unfinished Business: Ethiopia and Eritrea at War*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-217-8
* Johns, Michael (1992), "Does Democracy Have a Chance", *Congressional Record*, 6 May 1992 Archived 23 August 2013 at de Wayback Machine
* Keneally, Thomas (1990), *To Asmara* ISBN 0-446-39171-9
* Kendie, Daniel (2005), *The Five Dimensions of the Eritrean Conflict 1941–2004: Deciphering the Geo-Political Puzzle*. Signature Book Printing, ISBN 1-932433-47-3
* Killion, Tom (1998), *Historical Dictionary of Eritrea*. Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-3437-5
* Mauri, Arnaldo (2004), "Eritrea's Early Stages in Monetary and Banking Development", *International Review of Economics*, Vol. LI, n. 4.
* Mauri, Arnaldo (1998), "The First Monetary and Banking Experiences in Eritrea", *African Review of Money, Finance and Banking*, n. 1–2.
* Miran, Jonathan (2009), *Red Sea Citizens: Cosmopolitan Society and Cultural Change in Massawa*. Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-22079-0
* Müller, Tanja R.: *Bare life and the developmental State: the Militarization of Higher Education in Eritrea*, Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 46 (2008), No. 1, p. 1–21.
* Negash T. (1987); *Italian Colonisation in Eritrea: Policies, Praxis and Impact*, Uppsala Univwersity, Uppsala.
* Ogbaselassie, G (10 January 2006). "Response to remarks by Mr. David Triesman, Britain's parliamentary under-secretary of state with responsibility for Africa". Archived from the original on 16 November 2006. Retrieved 7 June 2006.
* Pateman, Roy (1998), *Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning*. Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-057-4
* Phillipson, David W. (1998), *Ancient Ethiopia*.
* Reid, Richard. (2011). *Frontiers of Violence in North-East Africa: Genealogies of Conflict Since c. 1800*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921188-3
* Wrong, Michela (2005), *I Didn't Do It For You: How the World Betrayed a Small African Nation*. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-078092-4

**Eritrea** for Wikipedia ein sisto projects top

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity
* Travel information from Wikivoyage

Scholia get *topic* profile give Eritrea.

### Government

* Ministry of Information of Eritrea Archived 22 June 2018 at de Wayback Machine (official government website).
* EriTV News, Music, Movie and Comedy from Eritrea Television
* Eritrea. *The World Factbook*. Central Intelligence Agency.
* Eritrea web resources GovPubs provide at de University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
* Eritrea at Curlie
* Eritrea profile from BBC News.
* Wikimedia Atlas of Eritrea

### Odas

* Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Eritrea, United Nations Human Rights Council Report, 8 June 2015
* HRCE – Human Rights Concern – Eritrea
* Documentary for Women's liberation top insyd Eritrea
* Tigrinya online learning with numbers, alphabet and history (Eritrea den north Ethiopia (Tigray-Province)).
* Ferrovia Eritrea Eritrean Railway (insyd Italian)
* Atlas of Eritrea
* About Eritrea (insyd Italian)
* Key Development Forecasts for Eritrea from International Futures.

### Magazines

* Special section about Eritrea from *Espresso* online magazine (insyd Italian)
* History of Eritrea: First recordings – Munzinger – exploitation by colonialism and fight against colonialism (Italy, England, Ethiopia, Soviet Union, USA, Israel) – independence Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine