# Linguas indoarias

| Linguas indoarias |
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|  Instancia de
familia lingüística  |
|  Subclase de
linguas indoiranias linguas de Asia meridional  |
| Despregar
 Composto por
 Linguas dárdicas Linguas indoarias meridionais linguas indoarias insulares Chinali–Lahul (en)  Linguas indoarias orientais Linguas indoarias noroccidentais linguas indoarias centrais linguas indoarias setentrionais Lingua badeshi  |

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| Clasificación lingüística |
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linguaxe humana ↳ linguas indoeuropeas ↳ linguas indoiranias  |
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| Códigos e identificadores |
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| Freebase | /m/0kk8f  |
| Thesaurus do NCI | C161844  |
| ISO 639-2 | inc  |
| IETF | inc  |

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| Fontes e ligazóns |
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| Despregar
 Descrito pola fonte
* *Enciclopedia soviética armenia, volume 6* pp. 474
* *Encyclopædia Britannica* "1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hindī, Western (en) , 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hindī, Eastern (en) , 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Indo-Aryan Languages (en) "
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| Wikidata C:Commons |

Extensión das linguas indoarias
As **linguas indoarias** ou **índicas** son un subgrupo de linguas, pertencentes ao grupo indoiranio das linguas indoeuropeas. Fálanse nos países do subcontinente indio.

## Algunhas linguas indoarias

Linguas antigas:

* Lingua sánscrita/prácrito.

Principais linguas modernas:

* + Lingua hindi/urdú
	+ Bengalí.
	+ Gujarati.
	+ Oriya.
	+ Panxabí.
	+ Rajasthani.
	+ Romaní.
	+ Marathi.
	+ Sindhi.
	+ Caxemirés.
	+ Assamés.
	+ Nepalés.
	+ Cingalés.
	+ Maldivano.

## División das linguas indoarias:

Linguas indoarias:

* védico.
* sanscrito.
* pali.
* Zona Central.
	+ hindustanio.
		- hindi.
		- urdú.
	+ romaní.
* Zona Oriental (Magadhan linguas prácritas).
	+ anguica.
	+ assamés.
	+ bengalés ou bengalí.
	+ Bhojpuri.
	+ Magadhi.
	+ Maithili.
	+ oría.
* Zona Setentrional (Linguas Paharesas).
	+ nepalés.
* Zona setentrional occidental:
	+ panxabí.
	+ sindhi.
	+ Khojki.
	+ Kutchi.
	+ raxastano.
* Zona meridional (ou indoario insular):
	+ maldivo / Mahl.
	+ cingalés.
* Zona Occidental:
	+ guxaratés.
	+ concanés.
	+ marathi.

## Fonética

### Consonantismo

As seguintes táboas corresponden aos sistemas consonánticos das principais lingua indoarias actuais (tal e como se amosan en Masica (1991): pp. 106–107), transcritos en alfabeto IPA. As consoantes entre paréntese indican que son consoantes que se atopan só en préstamos. Están ordenados de xeito xeográfico:

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

Romaní| p | t | (ts) | tʃ | k | pʲ | tʲ | kʲ |
| b | d | (dz) | dʒ | g | bʲ | dʲ | gʲ |
| pʰ | tʰ |  | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| m | n |  |  |  |  | nʲ |
| (f) | s |  | ʃ | x | (fʲ) | sʲ |
| v | (z) |  | ʒ | ɦ | vʲ | zʲ |
|  | ɾ | l |  |  |  | lʲ |
|  |  |  | j |

 |

Xina| p | t̪ | ʈ | ts | tʃ | ʈʂ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ |  | dʒ | ɖʐ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tsʰ | tʃʰ | ʈʂʰ | kʰ |
| m | n | ɳ |  | ɲ |  | ŋ |
| (f) | s | ʂ |  | ɕ |
|  | z | ʐ |  | ʑ |  | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɽ |
| w |  |  |  | j |

 |

Caxemirés| p | t̪ | ʈ | ts | tʃ | k | pʲ | t̪ʲ | ʈʲ | tsʲ | kʲ |
| b | d̪ | ɖ |  | dʒ | g | bʲ | d̪ʲ | ɖʲ |  | gʲ |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tsʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | pʲʰ | t̪ʲʰ | ʈʲʰ | tsʲʰ | kʲʰ |
| m | n |  |  | ɲ |  | mʲ | nʲ |
|  | s |  |  | ʃ |  |  | sʲ |
|  | z |  |  |  | ɦ |  | zʲ |  |  | ɦʲ |
|  | ɾ l |  |  |  |  |  | ɾʲ lʲ |
| w |  |  |  | j |  | wʲ |

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|

Siraiqués| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| ɓ |  | ɗ | ʄ | ɠ |
| m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ |
| mʱ | nʱ | ɳʱ |
|  | s |  | (ʃ) | (x) |
|  | (z) |  |  | (ɣ) ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɽ |
|  | ɾʱ lʱ | ɽʱ |
| w |  |  | j |
| wʱ |

 |

Panxabí| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| m | n | ɳ | [ɲ | ŋ] |
| (f) | s |  | (ʃ) |
|  | (z) |  |  | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɽ ɭ |
| ([w]) |  |  | ([j]) |

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Nepalés| p | t̪ | ʈ | ts | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dz | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tsʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dzʱ | gʱ |
| m | n |  |  | ŋ |
| mʱ | nʱ |
|  | s |  | ʃ | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l |
|  | ɾʱ lʱ |
| [w] |  |  | [j] |

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Assamés| p | t | k |
| b | d | g |
| pʰ | tʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | dʱ | gʱ |
| m | n | ŋ |
|  | s | x |
|  | z | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l |  |
| [w] |

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|

Sindhi| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| ɓ |  | ɗ | ʄ | ɠ |
| m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ |
| mʱ | nʱ | ɳʱ |
|  | s |  | (ʃ) | (x) |
|  | (z) |  |  | (ɣ) ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɽ |
|  | ɾʱ lʱ | ɽʱ |
| w |  |  | j |
| wʱ |

 |

Maruarés| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| ɓ | ɗ̪ | ɗ |  | ɠ |
| m | n | ɳ |
| mʱ | nʱ |
|  | s |  |  | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɽ ɭ |
| w |  |  | j |
| wʱ |

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Hindí/Urdú| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| m | n |
| (f) | s |  | (ʃ) |
|  | (z) |  |  | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɽ |
|  |  | ɽʱ |
| ([w]) |  |  | ([j]) |

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Bengalés| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| m | n |
|  |  |  | ʃ | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɽ |
| [w] |  |  | [j] |

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|

Guxaratés| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| m | n | ɳ |
| mʱ | nʱ | ɳʱ |
|  | s |  | ʃ | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɭ |
|  | ɾʱ lʱ |  |
| w |  |  | j |

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Marathi| p | t̪ | ʈ | ts | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dz | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ |  | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dzʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| m | n | ɳ |
| mʱ | nʱ |
|  | s |  |  | ʃ | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | ɭ |
|  | ɾʱ lʱ |
| w |  |  | j |
| wʱ |

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Oría| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ |
| bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ |
| m | n | ɳ |
|  | s |  |  | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l | [ɽ] ɭ |
|  |  | [ɽʱ] |
| [w] |  |  | [j] |

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Cingalé| p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | g |
| mb | n̪d̪ | ɳɖ |  | ŋg |
| m | n |  | ɲ | ŋ |
|  | s |  |  | ɦ |
|  | ɾ l |
| w |  |  | j |

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