# Alfabeto Fonético Internacional

Para outras páxinas con títulos homónimos véxase: AFI.

| Alfabeto Fonético Internacional |
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|  Instancia de
alfabeto fonético  |
|  Composto por
 IPA symbol (en)   |
|  Nome curto
AFI  |
|  Baseado en
Romic alphabet (en)  alfabeto latino alfabeto grego  |

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| Implicados |
| --- |
|  Usado por
lexicografía lingüística logopedia  |
|  Autor/a
Associação Fonética Internacional (pt)   |
|  Inventor/a ou descubridor/a
Otto Jespersen  |
|  Creador/a
Alexander John Ellis (pt)  Henry Sweet Daniel Jones (pt)   |

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| Datas |
| --- |
|  Fundación / creación
agosto de 1888  |

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| Historia |
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|  Historia
Historia do Alfabeto Fonético Internacional  |

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| Códigos e identificadores |
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| Freebase | /m/03tc1  |

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| Fontes e ligazóns |
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|  Páxina WEB
internationalphoneticassociation.org…  |

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| Wikidata G:Commons C:Commons |

O **Alfabeto Fonético Internacional** (AFI, *API* en francés e *IPA* en inglés) é un sistema de transcrición fonética, creado por lingüistas, é dicir, un sistema de símbolos e signos diacríticos que permite transcribir a lingua falada.

O AFI pode ser utilizado para transcribir calquera lingua do mundo. É o alfabeto fonético máis empregado en todo o mundo (salvo nos Estados Unidos e as súas organizacións, como o SIL International, onde se prefire o alfabeto fonético norteamericano).

O AFI foi creado en París en 1886 pola Asociación Fonética Internacional. O alfabeto tivo reformas en 1989, 1993 e 1996.

## Descrición

Nel, cada letra representa un fonema (algúns dígrafos úsanse para fonemas africados), ademais de servirse de diacríticos e outros símbolos para anotar trazos suprasegmentais. O sistema descríbese e organiza segundo a fonética articulatoria.

## Consoantes infraglotais ou egresivas

As consoantes egresivas son aquelas que se articulan exhalando aire desde os pulmóns. Case tódalas consoantes atópanse nesta categoría, ordenadas na seguinte táboa de maneira que as columnas indican o lugar de articulación, e as filas o modo de articulación. As abreviaturas **xrd** e **snr** significan 'xorda' e 'sonora' respectivamente.

Consoantes infraglotais ou egresivas
## Consoantes supraglotais ou ingresivas

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | Clic |   | Implosivas sonoras |   | Exectivo |
| ʘ | Bilabial | ɓ | Bilabial | ʼ | como en: |
| ǀ | Dental | ɗ | Dental/alveolar | pʼ | Bilabial |
| ǃ | Alveolar (retroflexa) | ʄ | Palatal | tʼ | Dental/alveolar |
| ǂ | Palatoalveolar (alveolar) | ɠ | Velar | kʼ | Velar |
| ǁ | Alveolar lateral (lateral) | ʛ | Uvular | sʼ | Alveolar fricativa |

## Vogais

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Anterior** | - | **Central** | - | **Posterior** |
| **Pechada** |

|  |
| --- |
| i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
ə
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
æ
ɐ
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ |

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| **Semipechada** |
| **Semipechada** |
| **Media** |
| **Semiaberta** |
| **Semiabierta** |
| **Aberta** |

## Outros Símbolos

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ʍ | Xorda labio-velar fricativa |
| w | Sonora labio-velar aproximante |
| ɥ | Sonora labio-palatal aproximante |
| ʜ | Xorda epiglotal fricativa |
| ʢ | Sonora epiglotal fricativa |
| ʢ | Epiglotal oclusiva |
| ɕ ʑ | Alvéolo-palatal fricativas |
| ɺ | Vibrante simple alveolar lateral |
| ɧ | Simultaneamente ʃ e x |

## Suprasegmentais

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ˈ | Acento principal |
| ˌ | Acento secundario |
| ː | Longo |
| ˑ | Semilongo |
| ˘ | Extra-breve |
| . | Ruptura silábica |

## Unicode

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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Unicode| Signo | Código |
| --- | --- |
| ɐ | U+0250 |
| ɑ | U+0251 |
| ɒ | U+0252 |
| ɓ | U+0253 |
| ɔ | U+0254 |
| ɕ | U+0255 |
| ɖ | U+0256 |
| ɗ | U+0257 |
| ɘ | U+0258 |
| ə | U+0259 |
| ɚ | U+025A |
| ɛ | U+025B |
| ɜ | U+025C |
| ɝ | U+025D |
| ɞ | U+025E |
| ɟ | U+025F |
| ɠ | U+0260 |
| ɡ | U+0261 |
| ɢ | U+0262 |
| ɣ | U+0263 |
| ɤ | U+0264 |
| ɥ | U+0265 |
| ɦ | U+0266 |
| ɧ | U+0267 |
| ɨ | U+0268 |
| ɩ | U+0269 |
| ɪ | U+026A |
| ɫ | U+026B |
| ɬ | U+026C |
| ɭ | U+026D |
| ɮ | U+026E |
| ɯ | U+026F |

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Unicode| Signo | Código |
| --- | --- |
| ɰ | U+0270 |
| ɱ | U+0271 |
| ɲ | U+0272 |
| ɳ | U+0273 |
| ɴ | U+0274 |
| ɵ | U+0275 |
| ɶ | U+0276 |
| ɷ | U+0277 |
| ɸ | U+0278 |
| ɹ | U+0279 |
| ɺ | U+027A |
| ɻ | U+027B |
| ɼ | U+027C |
| ɽ | U+027D |
| ɾ | U+027E |
| ɿ | U+027F |
| ʀ | U+0280 |
| ʁ | U+0281 |
| ʂ | U+0282 |
| ʃ | U+0283 |
| ʄ | U+0284 |
| ʅ | U+0285 |
| ʆ | U+0286 |
| ʇ | U+0287 |
| ʈ | U+0288 |
| ʉ | U+0289 |
| ʊ | U+028A |
| ʋ | U+028B |
| ʌ | U+028C |
| ʍ | U+028D |
| ʎ | U+028E |
| ʏ | U+028F |

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Unicode| Signo | Código |
| --- | --- |
| ʐ | U+0290 |
| ʑ | U+0291 |
| ʒ | U+0292 |
| ʓ | U+0293 |
| ʔ | U+0294 |
| ʕ | U+0295 |
| ʖ | U+0296 |
| ʗ | U+0297 |
| ʘ | U+0298 |
| ʙ | U+0299 |
| ʚ | U+029A |
| ʛ | U+029B |
| ʜ | U+029C |
| ʝ | U+029D |
| ʞ | U+029E |
| ʟ | U+029F |
| ʠ | U+02A0 |
| ʡ | U+02A1 |
| ʢ | U+02A2 |
| ʣ | U+02A3 |
| ʤ | U+02A4 |
| ʥ | U+02A5 |
| ʦ | U+02A6 |
| ʧ | U+02A7 |
| ʨ | U+02A8 |
| ʩ | U+02A9 |
| ʪ | U+02AA |
| ʫ | U+02AB |
| ʬ | U+02AC |
| ʭ | U+02AD |
| æ | U+00E6 |
| ç | U+00E7 |

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Unicode| Signo | Código |
| --- | --- |
| ð | U+00F0 |
| ø | U+00F8 |
| ħ | U+0127 |
| ŋ | U+014B |
| œ | U+0153 |
| ǀ | U+01C0 |
| ǁ | U+01C1 |
| ǂ | U+01C2 |
| ǃ | U+01C3 |
| ʰ | U+02B0 |
| ʱ | U+02B1 |
| ʲ | U+02B2 |
| ʴ | U+02B4 |
| ʷ | U+02B7 |
| θ | U+03B8 |
| ʼ | U+02BC |
| ˈ | U+02C8 |
| ˌ | U+02CC |
| ː | U+02D0 |
| ˑ | U+02D1 |
| ˞ | U+02DE |
| ˠ | U+02E0 |
| ˤ | U+02E4 |
| β | U+03B2 |
| χ | U+03C7 |
| ↑ | U+2191 |
| → | U+2192 |
| ↓ | U+2193 |
| ↗ | U+2197 |
| ↘ | U+2198 |

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## Véxase tamén

### Outros artigos

* Fonoloxía
* Fonética

### Ligazóns externas

* Dicionario de pronuncia da lingua galega
* Táboa do AFI en español
* Táboa do AFI en Unicode/XHTML/CSS *(en inglés)*
	+ Sistema de entrada
* O AFI e o español
* Páxina da International Phonetic Association *(en inglés)*