# Verrucomicrobios

| Verrucomicrobios |
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| *Verrucomicrobiota* **2021**  |
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|  Instancia de
taxon  |
|  Categoría taxonómica
filo  |
|  Tipo taxonómico
Verrucomicrobium  |
|  Sinónimo substituído
*Verrucomicrobios*  |

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|  Subdivisións

* *Candidatus* Epixenosoma ejectans ♠
* *Lentimonas marisflavi* ♠
* Methylacidiphilales ♠

   Methylacidiphilaceae ♠
    Methylacidiphilum ♠ Hou et al. 2008 emend. Op den Camp et al. 2009* Spartobacteria

   Chthoniobacterales
    Chthoniobacteraceae
     *Chthoniobacter* ♠ Sangwan et al. 2004
     *Candidatus* Xiphinematobacter ♠ Vandekerckhove et al. 2000* Opitutae Choo et al. 2007

   Opitutales Choo et al. 2007
    Opitutaceae Choo et al. 2007
     *Opitutus* Chin et al. 2001
     *Alterococcus* Shieh and Jean 1999
   Puniceicoccales Choo et al. 2007
    Puniceicoccaceae Choo et al. 2007
     *Pelagicoccus* Yoon et al. 2007
     *Puniceicoccus* Choo et al. 2007
     *Coraliomargarita* Yoon et al. 2007
     *Cerasicoccus* Yoon et al. 2007* Verrucomicrobiae Hedlund et al. 1998 emend. Yoon et al. 2008

   Verrucomicrobiales Ward-Rainey et al. 1996 emend. Yoon et al. 2008
    Pedosphaeraceae ♠
    *Pedosphaera* ♠ Ozyurt 2008
    Rubritaleaceae
     *Rubritalea* Scheuermayer et al. 2006
    Verrucomicrobiaceae Ward-Rainey et al. 1996 emend. Takeda et al. 2008
     *Akkermansia* Derrien et al. 2004
     *Fucophilus* ♠ Sakai et al. 2001b
     *Haloferula* Yoon et al. 2008 emend. Bibi et al. 2011
     *Persicirhabdus* Yoon et al. 2008
     *Luteolibacter* Yoon et al. 2008
     *Roseibacillus* Yoon et al. 2008
     *Prosthecobacter* (ex Staley et al. 1976) Staley et al. 1980 emend. Takeda et al. 2008
     *Verrucomicrobium* Schlesner 1988 |
| Clasificación taxonómica |
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|  **Reino** | *Pseudomonadati* |
|  **Filo** | Verrucomicrobiota   |
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| Wikidata C:Commons |

Os **verrucomicrobios** ou Verrucomicrobia (ou **Verrucomicrobiota**) son un filo de bacterias recentemente descrito. Este filo contén só unhas poucas especies descritas; un exemplo é *Verrucomicrobium spinosum*, un microbio cunha morfoloxía que lembra ás verrugas, a partir do cal o filum recibiu o seu nome (pero non son causantes da formación de verrugas). As especies identificadas foron illadas da auga doce, do solo e das feces humanas, e considéranse abundantes e importantes nos solos agrícolas e forestais. Identificáronse varias especies que aínda non se puideron cultivar asociadas con hóspedes eucariotas, como ectosimbiontes de protistas e endosimbiontes de nematodos, que viven nos seus gametos.

Presentan unha ou varias prolongacións (prostecas) con forma de apéndices verrugosos. A súa parede ten proteoglicano. Divídense simetricamente por fisión. Son aerobias facultativas que respiran ou fermentan azucres. A ultraestrutura celular é peculiar e case única entre os procariotas (só parecida á de Planctomycetes), xa que a célula está dividida por membranas en varios compartimentos: un compartimento grande chamado pirelulosoma alberga ao nucleoide condensado e aos ribosomas e está rodeado por unha membrana intracitoplasmática; o outro compartimento é o parifoplasma, libre de ribosomas e situado entre a membrana intracitoplasmática e a membrana plasmática.

Este filo considérase que ten dous filos irmáns: Chlamydiae e Lentisphaerae.

Cavalier-Smith postulou que os Verrucomicrobia pertencen ao clado Planctobacteria do gran clado Gracilicutes. Datos do ARNr 16S apoian esta idea.

Recentemente foi secuenciado o xenoma completo de *Methylacidiphilum infernorum* (2,3 Mbp). No seu único cromosoma circular, foron preditas 2473 proteínas, 731 das cales non teñen homólogos detectables. Estas análises tamén revelaron moitas posibles homoloxías coas Proteobacteria.

## Filoxenia

*Véxase tamén**:* Taxonomía bacteriana.
O cladograma mostra a taxonomía actualmente aceptada deste grupo baseado na LSPN (*List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature*) e a filoxenia está baseada nos datos do ARNr 16S da LTP 106 do Proxecto *The All-Species Living Tree*.

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?*Candidatus* Epixenosoma ejectans ♠ |
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?*Lentimonas marisflavi* ♠ Choo & Cho 2006 |
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|   ?Methylacidiphilum*♠* |

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|   | *M. fumariolicum* ♠ (Pol et al. 2007) Op den Camp et al. 2009 |
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|   | *M. infernorum* ♠ (Dunfield et al. 2007) Hou et al. 2008 |
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|   | *M. kamchatkense* ♠ Islam et al. 2008 |
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|   Opitutae |

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|   Puniceicoccaceae |

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|   | *Puniceicoccus vermicola* Choo et al. 2007 |
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|   | *Coraliomargarita akajimensis* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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|   *Cerasicoccus* |

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|   | *C. arenae* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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|   | *C. frondis* ♠ Yoon et al. 2010 |
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|   | *C. maritimus* ♠ Yoon et al. 2010 |
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|   Opitutales |

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|   *Pelagicoccus* |

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|   | *P. croceus* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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|   | *P. mobilis* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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|   | *P. albus* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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|   | *P. litoralis* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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|   Opitutaceae |

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|   | *Opitutus terrae* Chin et al. 2001 |
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|   | *Alterococcus agarolyticus* Shieh e Jean 1999 |
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|   Chthoniobacteraceae |

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|   | *Chthoniobacter flavus* ♠ Sangwan et al. 2004 |
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|  *Candidatus* Xiphinematobacter ♠ |

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|   | *Candidatus* X. americani ♠ Vandekerckhove et al. 2000 |
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|   | *Candidatus* X. brevicolli ♠ Vandekerckhove et al. 2000 |
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|   | *Candidatus* X. rivesi ♠ Vandekerckhove et al. 2000 |
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|   Verrucomicrobiales |

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?*Fucophilus fucoidanolyticus* ♠ Sakai et al. 2001b |
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?*Pedosphaera parvula* ♠ Ozyurt 2008 |
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|   Verrucomicrobiaceae |

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|   | *Verrucomicrobium spinosum* Schlesner 1988 |
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|   *Prosthecobacter* |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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|   | *P. fluviatilis* Takeda et al. 2008 |
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|   | *P. vanneervenii* Hedlund et al. 1998 |
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|   | *P. dejongeii* Hedlund et al. 1998 |
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|   | *P. debontii* Hedlund et al. 1998 |
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|   | *P. fusiformis* (ex Staley et al. 1976) Staley et al. 1980 |
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|   Rubritaleaceae |

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|   | *Akkermansia muciniphila* Derrien et al. 2004 |
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|   *Luteolibacter* |

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|   | *L. algae* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *L. pohnpeiensis* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   *Haloferula* |

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?*H. luteola* Bibi et al. 2011 |
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|   | *H. sargassicola* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *H. helveola* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *H. phyci* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *H. harenae* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *H. rosea* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   *Roseibacillus* |

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|   | *R. persicicus* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *R. ishigakijimensis* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *R. ponti* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *Persicirhabdus sediminis* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   *Rubritalea* |

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?*R. halochordaticola* Yoon et al. 2011 |
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|   | *R. sabuli* Yoon et al. 2008 |
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|   | *R. squalenifaciens* Kasai et al. 2007 |
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|   | *R. marina* Scheuermayer et al. 2006 |
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|   | *R. spongiae* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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|   | *R. tangerina* Yoon et al. 2007 |
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Notas:

♠ Cepas que se encontran no NCBI (*National Center for Biotechnology Information*) pero non na LSPN.

## Notas