# نعنائیان

| نعناعیان |
| --- |
|  |
| بادرنجبویه (*Melissa officinalis*) |
| رده‌بندی علمی |
| فرمانرو: | گیاهان |
| (طبقه‌بندی‌نشده): | آوندداران |
| (طبقه‌بندی‌نشده): | گیاهان گل‌دار |
| (طبقه‌بندی‌نشده): | دولپه‌ای‌های نو |
| (طبقه‌بندی‌نشده): | گل‌ستاره‌داران |
| راسته: | نعناسانان |
| تیره: | **نعنائیان** مارتینف |
| سرده نماد |
| *گزنه سفید* کارل لینه |

**نَعناعیان** یا **لب‌گشادگان** (نام علمی: *Lamiaceae*) یکی از تیره‌های گیاهی است. این تیره در حدود ۲۳۶ سرده و ۶٫۹۰۰ تا ۷٫۲۰۰ گونه دارد، اما فهرست جهانی ۷٫۵۳۴ گونه را فهرست می‌کند.

بسیاری از گیاهان دارویی و خوراکی و معطر مانند ریحان، نعنا، رومارن، مریم‌گلی، مرزه، مرزنگوش، پونه کوهی، زوفا، آویشن، اسطوخودوس و بادرنجبویه در این تیره جای دارند. برخی برای دانه‌هایشان کشت می‌شوند مانند چیا و برخی هم برای زیبایی کاشته می‌شوند مانند حسن یوسف. بسیاری از آنان به صورت درختچه و درخت (مانند ساج) هستند و به ندرت به شکل ویره (بالارونده) نیز یافت می‌شوند. گل‌های آنها ۵ گلبرگ متحد و ۵ کاسبرگ متحد دارند.

## سرده‌های نعناعیان

* آویشن *Thymes*
* آویشن شیرازی *Zataria*
* آویشنک *Acinos*
* اسطوخدوس *Lavandula*
* بادرنجبویه *Dracocephalum*
* بالنگو *Lallemantia*
* برازمبل *Perovskia*
* بشقابی *Scutellaria*
* پای گرگ *Lycopus*
* پلکترانتوس *Plectranthus*
* پنج انگشت *Vitex*
* پونه‌سا *Nepeta*
* پونه‌های استرالیایی *Prostanthera*
* پونه‌های دنبه‌ای *Lachnostachys*
* چای کوهی *Sideritis*
* حسن یوسف *Coleus*
* دم شیر *Leonurus*
* رزمارینوس *Rosmarinus*
* ریحان *Ocimum*
* ریحانک *Clinopodium*
* ریحانی *Cyclotrichium*
* ریش‌آبی *Caryopteris*
* زوفا *Hyssopus*
* زوفاهای بزرگ *Agastache*
* زیبانعنا *Calamintha*
* ساج‌ها *Tectona*
* ساج‌های تزیینی *Premna*
* سنبله‌ای *Stachys*
* سودوکارپیدیوم *Pseudocarpidium*
* عشقه زمینی *Glechoma*
* فتیله‌ای *Phlomis*
* فراسیون *Marrubium*
* فراسیون‌آسا *Ballota*
* فرنجمشک *Melissa*
* کاسه گل *Otostegia*
* کاکوتی *Ziziphora*
* کوله‌خیز *Chamaesphacos*
* گزنه سفید *Lamium*
* گل اروانه *Hymenocrater*
* گلک *Micromeria*
* لبدیسی *Ajuga*
* لب‌خرگوشی *Lagochilus*
* مرزنگوش *Origanum*
* مرزه *Satureja*
* مریم‌گلی *Salvia*
* مریم‌نخودی *Teucrium*
* معین التجاری (سرده) *Clerodendrum*
* مور خوش *Zhumeria*
* نعنا *Mentha*
* نعناترنجی *Monarda*
* نعناع چمنی *Prunella*
* نعناهای زهری *Galeopsis*
* نعنای کوهی *Pycnanthemum*

## درخت تبارزایی

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| **Lamiaceae** |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Callicarpa* |
|   |
|   | *Tectona* |
|   |
| Viticoideae (pro parte) |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Gmelina* |
|   |
|   | *Premna* |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Viticoideae (pro parte) | *پنج انگشت (سرده)* |
|   |
| Symphorematoideae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Congea* |
|   |
|   | *Symphorema* |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Ajugoideae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Rotheca* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *مریم‌نخودی* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *آجوگا* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Oxera* |
|   |
|   | *Faradaya* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Kalaharia* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *معین التجاری (سرده)* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Volkameria* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Ovieda* |
|   |
|   | *Aegiphila* |
|   |
|   | *Tetraclea* |
|   |
|   | *Amasonia* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Prostantheroideae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Chloantheae | *Chloanthes* |
|   |
| Westringieae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Prostanthera* |
|   |
|   | *Westringia* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Nepetoideae |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ocimeae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *لاواندولا* |
|   |
|   | *Siphocranion* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Isodon* |
|   |
|   | *Hanceola* |
|   |
|   | *Hyptis* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Orthosiphon* |
|   |
|   | *ریحان (سرده)* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Plectranthus* |
|   |
|   | *حسن یوسف* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Elscholtzieae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Elscholtzia* |
|   |
|   | *Perilla* |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Mentheae |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Lepechinia* |
|   |
|   | *مریم‌گلی* |
|   |
|   | *رزمارینوس* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *پرونلا* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *پونه‌سا* |
|   |
|   | *بادرنجبویه (سرده)* |
|   |
|   | *Agastache* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *اوریگانوم* |
|   |
|   | *آویشنیان* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *نعنا* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *مرزه* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *ریحانک (سرده)* |
|   |
|   | *Bystropogon* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *نعناکوهی* |
|   |
|   | *نعناترنجی* |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Dicerandra* |
|   |
|   | *Conradina* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Scutellarioideae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Holmskioldia* |
|   |
|   | *اسکوتلاریا* |
|   |

 |
|   |
| Lamioideae |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Pogostemon* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *فتیله‌ای* |
|   |
|   | *گزنه‌سا (سرده)* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *گل کوفته* |
|   |
|   | *Sideritis* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Haplostachys* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Stenogyne* |
|   |
|   | *Phyllostegia* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |
|   | *دم شیر (سرده)* |
|   |
|   | *فراسیون (سرده)* |
|   |
|   | *Moluccella* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Rydingia* |
|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | *Leucas* |
|   |
|   | *Leonotis* |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

 |
|   |

## نگارخانه

* *لئوکس اسپرا* در حیدرآباد (هند)
* گل *Orthosiphon thymiflorus*
* سبزی نعنا

## منابع

* Wikipedia contributors, "Lamiaceae," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,  (accessed September 19, 2015).