# Jinmeiyō kanji

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| --- | --- |
|  | **Orri honetako testu zati batzuk japoniar idazkerarekin idatzita daude.** Euskarri eleaniztun egokirik gabe, galdera ikurrak ikusiko dituzu kanji edo kana karaktereen ordez. |

Jinmeiyō kanji (japonieraz: 人名用漢字)
 863 kanji eta beraien irakurketen zerrenda da, japonian erabili daitekeenak izen-abizenak idazteko. *Jōyō kanji e*rabilera arrunten kanji zerrendarekin osatzen da. Japoniarren izenak, berez, honakoekin soilik idatz daitezke:

* *Jōyō kanji* (*nanori* irakurketak barne) (2136 karaktere)
* *Jimeiyō kanji* (863 karaktere)
* *Hiragana (hentaigana* deituriko alternatibak salbu) (46 karaktere eta beraien aldaerak)
* *Katakana* (46 karaktere eta beraien aldaerak)
* Bokala luzatzeko marka (ー)
* Errepikapen marka (々, ゝ, ヽ, 〻, ) eta bere aldaerak

Beraz, hiragana, katakana eta marketaz gain, 2999 kanji erabili daitezke pertsonak izendatzeko. *Jinmeiyō kanji*ak bigarren hezkuntzatik aurrera ikasten dira japoniako eskoletan eta *kanji kentei* azterketaren bigarren mailatik aurrera galdetzen dira.

Lista hau 12 aldiz aldatu du Justizia Ministerioak, Gai Zibilen Departamentuaren bidez. Departamentu horrek izen-abizenen erregistroaren arduraduna da, eta familiar erregistroaren legearen (japonieraz: 戸籍法施行規則, Hepburn: *Kosekihō kisoō kisoku*)
 bitartez gurasoen eskaerei erantzun izan die.

## Historia jinmeiyō kanji

**Karaktere kopurua *jinmeiyō kanji zerrendan| Data | Gehituriko karaktereak | Kenduriko
karaktereak | Totala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1951-05-25 | 92 | 0 | **92** |
| 1976-07-30 | 28 | 0 | **120** |
| 1981-10-01 | 54 | 8 | **166** |
| 1990-04-01 | 118 | 0 | **284** |
| 1997-12-03 | 1 | 0 | **285** |
| 2004-02-23 | 1 | 0 | **286** |
| 2004-06-07 | 1 | 0 | **287** |
| 2004-07-12 | 3 | 0 | **290** |
| 2004-09-27 | 693 | 0 | **983** |
| 2009-04-30 | 2 | 0 | **985** |
| 2010-11-30 | 5 | 129 | **861** |
| 2015-01-07 | 1 | 0 | **862** |
| 2017-09-25 | 1 | 0 | **863** |

1946ko azaroaren 16ra arte ez zen esistitzen inungo auraurik izen berezien karaktereen erabilerari buruz. Egun horretan Hezkuntza Ministerioak *tōyō kanji* izeneko zerrenda sortu zuen, 1850 karakterez osatuta. Zerrenda hori bera erabili zen izenak erregistratzeko, nahiz eta momentuan erabiltzen ziren kanji asko kanpoan utzi zituen.

Horrexegatik, 1951eko maiatzaren 25ean gobernuko kabineteak *jinmeiyō kanji* izeneko karaktere zerrenda bat sortu zuen, *tōyō kanji* zerrenda osa zezan. Zerrenda horrek izen bereziak soilik idazteko erabiliko zen eta hasiera batean 92 karakterez osatuta zegoen.

Harrezkero, zerrendak 12 zuzenketa jasan ditu, erabili daitezkeen karaktere kopurua haunditzen. 2004ko irailaren 27an onartutako zuzenketa 693 kanji gehitu zituen, orain arte egindako zuzenketa handiena bilakatuz.

## Ezaugarriak

*Jinmeiyō kanji*en ezaugarri nagusia bere irakurketa eta erabileran aurki dezakegu.

### Esanahiak

Kanji guztiak bezala, *jinmeiyō kanji*en artean era guztietako esanahiak dituzten karaktereak aurki ditzazkegu. Ohikoak dira naturarekin zerikusia duten esanahiak; hala nola, zuhaitz eta landareak (杉 zedro, 椿 kamelia, 梨 madariondo, 楊 zume, etab.), lore eta fruituak (芭 banana, 苺 marrubi, 茜 otxar, 菖 lili, etab.), hegaztiak (鳩 uxo, 鴎 kaio, etab.), arraiak (鯉 *koi*, 鮎 ayu, 鰯 sardina, etc.) edota beste animaliak (亀 dortoka, 熊 hartza, 蜂 erle, 蝶 tximeleta, etab.). Hala ere, beste esanahi era ezberdinak adierazten dituzten kanjiak ere badaude; esate baterako tokiak (嶋 uharte, 奈 Nara, 岡 muino, 廟 mausoleo, etab.), tresnak (臼 motrailu, 斧 aizkora, 櫛 orratza, 箸 zotz, etab.), erlijiozko objektuak (袈 estola budista,佛 irudi budista, etab.), jaki eta idariak (脩 haragi lehorra, 餅 mochi, etc.), gorputz atalak (瞳 begi-nini, 肘 ukabila, 爪 azkazala, 吻 tronpa, etab.) eta beste batzuk (厨 sukaldea, 虹 ortzadarra, 紗 gaza, 琶 laute japoniarra, etab.). Halaber, pertsona ezberdinak adierazten dituzten karaktereak ere esistitzen dira (媛 printesa, 姥 atso, 夷 barbaro etab.).

Horretaz aparte, ideia abstraktuak adierazten dituzten kanjiak ere aurkitu ditzazkegu. Esate baterako propietateak (弘 zabal, 曽 zahar, 凉 fresko, etc.), ekintzak (冶 urtu, 叶 eman, 卜 igarri, etab.), sentimendu eta emozioak (禎poztasuna, 憐 pena izan, etab.), kantitateak (廿 hogei, 哩 ri, 圓 yen, etab.), era historikoak (秦 Qin dinastia 宋 Song dinastia, 倭 aitzinako japonia, etab.) besteak beste.

Aipatutako kanji batzuk forma tradizionalean agertu dira, eta ez sinplifikatuan (嶋→島, 佛→仏, 圓→円). Izan ere, 2004. urtean legez onartu zen karaktere tradizionalen erabilera izen berezietan (藥 medikuntza, 縣 prefektura, 龍 dragoi, etab.).

### Irakurketak

**Goian:Yumi* izena bi *jinmeiyō kanji* (urdinez) erabiliz.

**Behean:Yumi* izena hiru multzotan banatuta: *jinmeiyō kanji*ak soilik erabiliz(A), *jinmeiyō kanji* eta beste karaktereen konbinazioa erabiliz (B) edo *jinmeiyō kanji*ak erabili gabe (C). Konposatu guztiak berdin ahoskatzen diren arren, idazkera eta etimologia aldatzen da.
Beste kanjiak bezala bi irakurketa multzo dituzte; on'yomi (txinatar jatorriko irakurketak) eta kun'yomi (japoniar jatorriko irakurketak). Arau nagusia berdina da; izen-aizena karaktere bakar batez osatuta badago *kun* irakurketa erabiliko da, eta bi edo gehiago izatekotan *on* irakurketak erabiliko dira.

Halere, besteetan ez bezala, *Jimeiyō kanji*etan salbuespen asko aurkitzen ditugu. Karaktere askok ez dute *kun* irakurketarik eta, ondorioz, *on* irakurketa erabili behar dute nahiz eta bakarrik egon (芙 [fu], 赳 [kyū], 奎 [kei], etab.). Era berean, kokuji izeneko kanjiak japonian sortu ziren eta berez, ez dute *on* irakurketarik (榊 sakaki, 俣 hankarte [mata], 畠 zelai [hatake], etab.). Azkenik, toponimian eta abizen askotan aurkitzen ditugu kanji-konposatuak *kun* irakurketak erabiltzen dituztenak (大阪 Osaka [Ōsaka]. Bi karaktereak *kun* irakurketa erabiltzen dute eta bigarrena *Jimeiyō kanji* bat da).

Izenak nanori irakurketekin ere irakurri daitezke, japoniarren izen-abizenetan soilik aurkitu daitezkeen kanji irakurketak. Nanori irakurketarekin erabiltzen den karaktere bakarra izen osoa eratzen du askotan (瞳 [Akira], 巴 [Tomoe], etab.). Izen berezi batzuetan *ateji* erabiltzen da; non kanjiak fonetikoki soilik erabiltzen dira, esanahia baztertuz (亜米利加 AEB [Amerika]). Bestetik, irakurketa ezberdinak nahasten beste bi sistema aurkitzen ditugu *jūbako* (*on-kun* nahasketa) eta *yutō* (*kun-on* nahasketa); beraz, 祐巳 *Yumi* izena *jūbako*ren adibide bat *da.*

### Erabilera

Ez dago arau zehatzik *jinmeiyō kanji*en erabileran eta azkenean gurasoen erabakia izango da nola deitu eta idatziko den bere seme-alaben izenak. Izan ere, askotan gertatzen da izen berdina, fonetikoki, era ezberdinetan idatzi ahal izatea eta ondorioz esanahi ezberdinak izatea. Adibidez, lehen aipatutako *Yumi* izena idazteko hamaika era daude (弓, ユミ, 佑美, 夢実, 幸実, 悠未, 憂美, 由望, 由観, 結美, 裕美, 佑実, 佑珠, 侑巳, 優実, 優弥, 友深, 友美, 友見, 宙美, etab.)

Hori dela medio, japonian hainbat hizteki, liburu eta datu-base daude, non konbinazio eta prontziazio ezberdinak jasotzen dira. *Nihon seishi daijiten*, *Monshō daishōsei* edo *Kamon daizukan* bezalako liburuak izenen irakurketa ez ezik, beraien historioa ere jasotzen dute. Era berean, gida bezala erabili daiteken liburu franko daude, politikari, zuzendari, akademiko, erlijioso, enpresario edo artisten izenak jasotzen dituztenak besteak beste.

## J*inmeiyō kanji zerrenda*

Oharra:Kanjien irakurtetak kanaz solik idatziko dira, orriaren tamaina eta estetika direla eta. Lerro bakoitzak irakurteka ezberdin bat adierazten du. Kun irakurketetan okurigana puntu (.) baten ondoren adierazten da; adibidez:* 食べる (た.べる) [ta.beru], kanjiz adierazten den zatia puntuaren ezkerrean idazten da, eta kanaz (okurigana) idazten dena puntuaren eskubian.

### 1951ko maiatzak 25

Lehenengo 92 *jinmeiyō kanji* argitaratu ziren, izen-abizenetan erabiltzeko karaktere zerrenda gisa:

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| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 丑 | 4E11 | チュウ | うし | Txinatar zodiakoan, behia edo idiaren zeinua |
| 丞 | 4E1E | ジョウ ショウ | すく.う たす.ける | Lagundu |
| 乃 | 4E43 | ナイ ダイ ノ アイ | の すなわ.ち なんじ | -tik (nondik), ondorioz, geroztik, edutezko partikula |
| 之 | 4E4B | シ | の これ おいて ゆく この | -en (noren), hau, |
| 也 | 4E5F | ヤ エ | なり か また | Izan (forma klasikoa) |
| 亀 | 4E80 | キ キュウ キン | かめ | Dortoka |
| 亙 | 4E99 | コウ カン | わた.る もと.める | Irismen, helmen, estalki |
| 亥 | 4EA5 | ガイ カイ | い | Txinatar zodiakoan, txerria edo urdearen zeinua |
| 亦 | 4EA6 | エキ ヤク | また | Ere bai, berriro |
| 亨 | 4EA8 | コウ キョウ ホウ | たてまつ.る | Men egin, hartu, harrapatu |
| 亮 | 4EAE | リョウ | あきらか | Argi, laguntza |
| 仙 | 4ED9 | セン セント |  | Ermitau, mago, zentabo |
| 伊 | 4F0A | イ | かれ | Hori, hura, Italia |
| 匡 | 5321 | キョウ オウ | すく.う | Zuzendu, lagundu, salbatu |
| 卯 | 536F | ボウ モウ | う | Txinatar zodiakoan, erbia edo untxiaren zeinua; ekialde |
| 只 | 53EA | シ | ただ | Soilik, dohainik, gainera |
| 吾 | 543E | ゴ | われ わが- あ- | Ni, nire, gure, bere |
| 呂 | 5442 | ロ リョ | せぼね | Bizkarrezur |
| 哉 | 54C9 | サイ | かな や | Nola? Zer?, Galdera ikurra, zoritxarrez |
| 嘉 | 5609 | カ | よみ.する よい | Txalotu, goretsi, estimatu, preziatu |
| 圭 | 572D | ケイ ケ |  | Harribitxi karratu, izkin, angelu, ertz |
| 奈 | 5948 | ナ ナイ ダイ | いかん からなし | Nara, zer? |
| 宏 | 5B8F | コウ | ひろ.い | Zabal, handi |
| 寅 | 5BC5 | イン | とら | Txinatar zodiakoan, tigrearen zeinua |
| 尚 | 5C1A | ショウ | なお | Estimu, gainera, oraindik, oraino |
| 巌 | 5DCC | ガン | いわ いわお けわ.しい | Harkaitz |
| 巳 | 5DF3 | シ | み | Txinatar zodiakoan, sugeraen zeinua |
| 庄 | 5E84 | ショウ ソ ソウ ホウ |  | Maila |
| 弘 | 5F18 | コウ グ | ひろ.い | Zabal |
| 弥 | 5F25 | ミ ビ | いや や あまねし いよいよ とおい ひさし ひさ.しい わた.る | Gero eta... -ago |
| 彦 | 5F66 | ゲン | ひこ | Mutil, mutiko (arkaismo) |
| 悌 | 608C | テイ ダイ |  | Nagusiak zaindu |
| 惣 | 60E3 | ソウ | いそが.しい そうじて | Den(a), oro, guzti |
| 敦 | 6566 | トン タイ ダン チョウ | あつ.い | Industria, adeitsu, atsegin |
| 斉 | 6589 | セイ サイ | そろ.う ひと.しい ひと.しく あたる はやい | Doitu, antzeko, berdin |
| 昌 | 660C | ショウ | さかん | Oparo, distiratsu, argi |
| 晃 | 6643 | コウ | あきらか | Argi, argitsu |
| 晋 | 664B | シン | すす.む | Aurrera egin |
| 智 | 667A | チ |  | Jakinduria, adimen, arrazoimen |
| 暢 | 66A2 | チョウ | のび.る | Luzatu, handiagotu |
| 朋 | 670B | ホウ | とも | Lagun, adiskide |
| 杉 | 6749 | サン | すぎ | Zedro |
| 桂 | 6842 | ケイ | かつら | Katsura (*Cercidiphyllum japonicum*) |
| 桐 | 6850 | トウ ドウ | きり | Paulownia (*Paulownia tomentosa*) |
| 楠 | 6960 | ナン ダン ゼン ネン | くす くすのき | Kanforrondo (*Cinnamomum camphora*) |

 |

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 橘 | 6A58 | キツ | たちばな | Mandarina (*Citrus tachibana*) |
| 欣 | 6B23 | キン ゴン コン | よろこ.ぶ よろこ.び | Poztu, plazer hartu |
| 欽 | 6B3D | キン コン | つつし.む | Errespetatu, beneratu reverenciar, irrikatu |
| 毅 | 6BC5 | キ ギ | つよ.い | Indarra |
| 浩 | 6D69 | コウ | おおき.い ひろ.い | Eremu zabal, oparotasun, kementsu |
| 淳 | 6DF3 | ジュン シュン | あつ.い | Aratz |
| 熊 | 718A | ユウ | くま | Hartz |
| 爾 | 723E | ジ ニ | なんじ しかり その のみ | Hi, heu, zu, zeu, zuek, zeuek |
| 猪 | 732A | チョ | い いのしし | Basurde |
| 玲 | 73B2 | レイ |  | Harribitxien soinua |
| 琢 | 7422 | タク | みが.く | Leundu, garbitu, distirarazi |
| 瑞 | 745E | ズイ スイ | みず- しるし | Zorionak |
| 甚 | 751A | ジン | はなは.だ はなは.だしい | izugarri, oso handi, sekulako |
| 睦 | 7766 | ボク モク | むつ.まじい むつ.む むつ.ぶ | Kutun, atsegin, jator |
| 磨 | 78E8 | マ | みが.く す.る | Eho, leundu, hortzak garbitu |
| 磯 | 78EF | キ | いそ | Itsasertz, hondartza |
| 祐 | 7950 | ユウ ウ | たす.ける | Lagundu |
| 禄 | 7984 | ロク | さいわ.い | Diru-laguntza, dieta, feudo, pentsio, poz |
| 禎 | 798E | テイ | さいわ.い ただ.しい | Poz |
| 稔 | 7A14 | ネン ジン ニン | みの.る みのり | Uzta bildu, heldu |
| 穣 | 7A63 | ジョウ | わら ゆたか | Uzta on, oparotasun, 10^28 |
| 綾 | 7DBE | リン | あや | Diseinu, Sarga (ehuna) |
| 聡 | 8061 | ソウ | さと.い みみざと.い | Jakintsu |
| 肇 | 8087 | チョウ ジョウ トウ | はじ.める はじめ | Hasiera |
| 胤 | 80E4 | イン | たね | Ondorengo |
| 艶 | 8276 | エン | つや なま.めかしい あで.やか つや.めく なま.めく | Distiratsu, beiraztatu, leundu, liluratu, koloretsu |
| 蔦 | 8526 | チョウ | つた | Japoniar huntz (*Parthenocissus tricuspidata*) |
| 藤 | 85E4 | トウ ドウ | ふじ | Glizina |
| 蘭 | 862D | ラン ラ |  | Orkidea, Holanda |
| 虎 | 864E | コ | とら | Tigre, mozkor |
| 蝶 | 8776 | チョウ |  | Tximeleta |
| 輔 | 8F14 | ホ フ | たす.ける | Lagundu |
| 辰 | 8FB0 | シン ジン | たつ | Txinatar zodiakoan, dragoiaren zeinua |
| 郁 | 90C1 | イク |  | Aurrerapen kulturala, lurrin |
| 酉 | 9149 | ユウ | とり | Mendebalde, txori, txinatar zodiakoan, txoriaren zeinua, nihonshu, 164. erroa |
| 錦 | 9326 | キン | にしき | Brokatu (oihala), soineko fin, ohoreak |
| 鎌 | 938C | レン ケン | かま | Igitai, [Sega (lanabesa)], truko |
| 靖 | 9756 | セイ ジョウ | やす.んじる | Baketsu |
| 須 | 9808 | ス シュ | すべから.く すべし ひげ まつ もち.いる もと.める | Behar izan, nahitaez, ezinbestean |
| 馨 | 99A8 | ケイ キョウ | かお.る かおり | Lurrintsu, atsegin, goxo, mesedegarri |
| 駒 | 99D2 | ク | こま | Poni, zaldi, Zaldiko (arra) |
| 鯉 | 9BC9 | リ | こい | Koi |
| 鯛 | 9BDB | チョウ | たい | Brema |
| 鶴 | 9DB4 | カク | つる | Kurrilo arrunt, amiamoko |
| 鹿 | 9E7F | ロク | しか か | Orein |
| 麿 | 9EBF |  | まろ | Ni, hi, zu (Kokuji) |
| 龍 | 9F8D | リュウ リョウ ロウ | たつ | Herensuge, inperial |

 |

### 1976ko uztailak 30

Lehenengo zuzenketa egiten da, 28 karaktere gehitzen duena, 120 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

**Gehituriko karaktereak**

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|

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 佑 | 4F51 | ユウ ウ | たす.ける | Lagundu, sorotsi |
| 允 | 5141 | イン | じょう まこと.に ゆるす | Baimendu, zilegitu, zintzotasun, |
|  | - | ゴ コ | さ.える こお.る ひ.える | Argi izan, lasai, hotz, trebe |
| 喬 | 55AC | キョウ | たか.い | Altu, harrotua |
| 怜 | 601C | レイ レン リョウ | あわ.れむ さと.い | Jakintsu |
| 悠 | 60A0 | ユウ |  | Iraunkortasun, urrutiko, denbora luze, aisialdi |
| 旭 | 65ED | キョク | あさひ | Egunsenti, goizeko eguzki |
| 杏 | 674F | キョウ アン コウ | あん | Abrikot, abrikotondo |
| 梓 | 6893 | シ | あずさ | Gerezi urki japoniarra (*Betula grossa*) |
|  | - | ショウ | こずえ くすのき | Adaburu, adazka |
| 梨 | 68A8 | リ | なし | Nashi (madariondo japoniarra, *Pyrus pyrifolia*) |
| 沙 | 6C99 | サ シャ | すな よなげる | Hondar |
|  | - | ショ | なぎさ | Itsasertz, hondartza, urertz |
| 瑠 | 7460 | ル リュウ |  | Lapis lazuli |

 |

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 瞳 | 77B3 | ドウ トウ | ひとみ | Begi-nini |
| 紗 | 7D17 | サ シャ | うすぎぬ | Gaza, armiarma-sarea |
| 紘 | 7D18 | コウ | おおづな つな つなぐ | Handi, zabal |
| 絢 | 7D62 | ケン |  | kimono baten diseinua |
|  | - | スイ | かわせみ みどり | Berde |
| 耶 | 8036 | ヤ ジャ | か | ? (galdera marka) |
| 芙 | 8299 | フ |  | Uso-belar, Fuji mendia |
| 茜 | 831C | セン | あかね | Tindu-otxar (*Rubia tinctorum*) |
| 葵 | 8475 | キ | あおい | Malba |
| 藍 | 85CD | ラン | あい | Anil (landarea) (*Indigofera tinctoria*) |
| 那 | 90A3 | ナ ダ | なに なんぞ いかん | Zer? |
| 阿 | 963F | ア オ | おもね.る | Afrika, lausengatu, koipetu, zurikatu, izkin, zoko, bazter |
| 隼 | 96BC | シュン ジュン | はやぶさ | Belatz handi (*Falco peregrinus*) |
| 鮎 | 9B8E | デン ネン | あゆ なまず | Ayu] (*lecoglossus altivelis* |

 |

### 1981eko urriak 1

Bigarren zuzenketa. *Jōyō kanji* zerrenda sortu zen *tōyō kanji* zerrenda ordezkatzeko. Zerrenda berrian *jinmeiyō kanji* zerrendaren 8 karaktere agertzen zirenez, lista honetatik ezabatu ziren. Bestalde 6 karaktere sinplifikatu egin ziren eta 54 karaktere berri gehitu zerrendari. Zerrenda berriak 166 karaktere zituen.

Ezabatutako kanjiak
仙 尚 杉 甚 磨 斉 龍 (jatorrizko zerrendatik)
悠 (lehenenko zuzenketatik)

Sinplifikazioak

| Tradizionala | **Unicode** | Sinplifikatua | **Unicode** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 亙 | 4E99 | 亘 | 4E98 |
|  | - | 冴 | 51B4 |
|  | - | 梢 | 68A2 |
|  | - | 渚 | 6E1A |
|  | - | 琢 | 7422 |
|  | - | 翠 | 7FE0 |

Gehituriko karaktereak

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|

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 伍 | 4F0D | ゴ | いつつ | Bost, lerro. fitxategi |
| 伶 | 4F36 | レイ リョウ | わざおぎ | Aktore |
| 侑 | 4F91 | ユウ ウ | すす.める たす.ける | Bultzatu bazkaltzera |
| 孟 | 5B5F | モウ ボウ ミョウ | かしら | Nagusi, hasiera |
| 尭 | 5C2D | ギョウ | たか.い | Altu, urrun |
| 峻 | 5CFB | シュン | けわ.しい たか.い | Altu, aldapatsu |
| 嵩 | 5D69 | スウ シュウ | かさ かさ.む たか.い | Gaizkiagotu, larriagotu, handitu, handiagotu |
| 嶺 | 5DBA | レイ リョウ |  | Gailur, tontor |
| 巴 | 5DF4 | ハ | ともえ うずまき | Tomoe (diseinua) |
| 彬 | 5F6C | ヒン フン | うるわ.しい あき.らか | Fin, leun |
| 惇 | 60C7 | シュン ジュン トン | あつ.い | Zintzo, adeitsu, jator |
| 惟 | 60DF | イ ユイ | おも.んみる これ おも.うに | Kontuan hartu, pentsatu, islatu |
| 慧 | 6167 | ケイ エ | さとい | Jakintsu |
| 斐 | 6590 | ヒ イ |  | Eder, diseinuakin |
| 旦 | 65E6 | タン ダン | あき.らか あきら ただし あさ あした | Egunstenti, goiz |
| 昂 | 6602 | コウ ゴウ | あ.がる たか.い たか.ぶる | Igo |
| 李 | 674E | リ | すもも | japoniar aran(*Prunus salicina*) |
| 栗 | 6817 | リツ リ | くり おののく | Japoniar gaztainondo (*Castanea crenata*) |
| 楓 | 6953 | フウ | かえで | Astigar |
| 槙 | 69D9 | テン シン | まき こずえ | Adaxka, hosto iraunkorrekin egindako apaingarriak |
| 汐 | 6C50 | セキ | しお うしお せい | Itsasaldi, arratsaldeko itsasaldi, ur gazi, aukera |
| 洵 | 6D35 | ジュン シュン | の.ぶ まこと.に | Antzeko, egia |
| 洸 | 6D38 | コウ |  | Ur distiratsu |
| 渥 | 6E25 | アク | あつ.い うるお.う | Adeitasun |
| 瑛 | 745B | エイ |  | Kristal, bitxien distira |
| 瑶 | 7476 | ヨウ | たま | Bitxi bat bezain polita |
| 璃 | 7483 | リ |  | Lapis lazuli, garden |

 |

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 甫 | 752B | ホ フ | はじ.めて | Lehenengo aldiz, ad. + arte (negatibo) |
| 皓 | 7693 | コウ | しろ.い ひか.る | Txuri, argi |
| 眸 | 7738 | ボウ ム | ひとみ | Begi-nini |
| 矩 | 77E9 | ク | かね かねざし さしがね | Erregela, eskuaira |
| 碧 | 78A7 | ヘキ ヒャク |  | Urdin, Berde |
| 笹 | 7B39 |  | ささ | Banbu (kokuji) |
| 緋 | 7DCB | ヒ | あけ あか | Eskarlata (kolorea), kardinal |
| 翔 | 7FD4 | ショウ | かけ.る と.ぶ | Hegaldatu, aireratu, hegan egin |
| 脩 | 8129 | シュウ | おさ.める なが.い ほじし | Lehortutako haragia |
| 苑 | 82D1 | エン オン | その う.つ | Lorategi, baserri, parke |
| 茉 | 8309 | マツ バツ マ |  | Jasmin |
| 莉 | 8389 | リ ライ レイ |  | Jasmin |
| 萌 | 840C | ホウ | も.える きざ.す めばえ きざ.し | Sintomak azaleratu, ernamuindu, Malta (zereala) |
| 萩 | 8429 | シュウ | はぎ | Japoniar hirusta (*Lespedeza*) |
| 蓉 | 84C9 | ヨウ |  | Uso-belar |
| 蕗 | 8557 | ロ ル | ふき | Fuki (Japoniako txapel-belar, *Petasites japonicus*) |
| 虹 | 8679 | コウ | にじ | Ostadar |
| 諒 | 8AD2 | リョウ | あきら.か まことに | Egia, gertakari, ulertu, estimatu |
| 赳 | 8D73 | キュウ |  | Indartsu eta ausart |
| 迪 | 8FEA | テキ | みち みち.びく すす.む いた.る | Eraiki, bide |
| 遥 | 9065 | ヨウ | はる.か | Urrun, duela denbora asko |
| 遼 | 907C | リョウ |  | Urrutiko |
| 霞 | 971E | カ ゲ | かすみ かす.む | Lainotsu, itzaltsu, lauso |
| 頌 | 980C | ショウ ジュ ヨウ | かたち たた.える ほめ.る | Panegiriko, gorespen-hitzaldia |
| 駿 | 99FF | シュン スン | すぐ.れる | Zaldi on, abiadura, pertsona bizkorra |
| 鳩 | 9CE9 | キュウ ク | はと あつ.める | Uso |
| 鷹 | 9DF9 | ヨウ オウ | たか | Belatz |

 |

### 1990eko martxoak 1

Hirugarren zuzenketa. Zerrendara 118 karaktere gehitu ziren, 284 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karaktereak

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| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 伎 | 4F0E | ギ キ | わざ わざおぎ | Ekintza, trebetasun |
| 伽 | 4F3D | カ ガ キャ ギャ | とぎ | Erizaintza, zaindu, animatzaile |
| 侃 | 4F83 | カン | つよ.い | Indartzu, zintzo, bakezale |
| 倖 | 5016 | コウ | しあわ.せ さいわ.い | Poz, zorte |
| 倭 | 502D | ワ イ | したが.う | Yamato (korazatua), antzinako japonia |
| 偲 | 5072 | サイ シ | しの.ぶ | oroitzapen, oroitu |
| 冶 | 51B6 | ヤ | い.る | urtu, galdatu |
| 凌 | 51CC | リョウ | しの.ぐ | Jasan, sahiestu, desobeditu, desafiatu, mespretxu |
| 凜 | 51DC | リン | きびし.い | Hotz, zorrotz |
| 凪 | 51EA |  | なぎ な.ぐ | Baretasun, lasaitasun (kokuji) |
| 凱 | 51F1 | ガイ カイ | かちどき やわらぐ | Garaipen abestia |
| 勁 | 52C1 | ケイ | つよ.い | Indartsu |
| 叡 | 53E1 | エイ | あき.らか | Jakintasuna, inperial |
| 叶 | 53F6 | キョウ | かな.える かな.う | Eman, onartu, erantzun |
| 唄 | 5504 | バイ | うた うた.う | Shamisen batekin jotako abestia |
| 啄 | 5544 | タク ツク トク | ついば.む つつ.く | Mokokatu, jaso |
| 奎 | 594E | ケイ キ |  | Izar, literaturaren jainkoa |
| 媛 | 5A9B | エン | ひめ | Emakume polita, printzesa |
| 嬉 | 5B09 | キ | うれ.しい たの.しむ | Alai, pozik, poztu |
| 宥 | 5BA5 | ユウ | なだ.める ゆる.す | Arindu, baretasun, paketu, lasaitu |
| 崚 | 5D1A | リョウ |  | Nabarmendua izan |
| 嵐 | 5D50 | ラン | あらし | Ekaitz |
| 嵯 | 5D6F | サ シ |  | Aldapatsu, malkartsu, zorrotz |
| 巽 | 5DFD | ソン | たつみ | Hego-Ekialde |
| 彗 | 5F57 | スイ エ ケイ セイ | ほうき | Kometa |
| 彪 | 5F6A | ヒョウ ヒュウ | あや | Tantodun, pikart, patroidun, tigre txikia |
| 恕 | 6055 | ジョ ショ | ゆる.す | Zuritu, barkatu, onartu |
| 憧 | 61A7 | ショウ トウ ドウ | あこが.れる | Irrikatu, amestu, miretsi, gurtu |
| 拳 | 62F3 | ケン ゲン | こぶし | Ukabil |
| 捷 | 6377 | ショウ ソウ | はや.い | Garaipen, bizkor |
| 捺 | 637A | ナツ ダツ | さ.す お.す | Estutu, inprimatu, estanpatu (zigilu bat) |
| 於 | 65BC | オ ヨ | おい.て お.ける ああ より | -n (non), -i dagokionez |
| 旺 | 65FA | オウ キョウ ゴウ | かがや.き うつくし.い さかん | Loratu, oparo, arrakastatsu, eder, kementsu |
| 昴 | 6634 | コウ ボウ | すばる | Pleiades izar kumulua |
| 晏 | 664F | アン | おそ.い | Berandu, lasai, ilunabar |
| 晟 | 665F | セイ ジョウ | あきらか | Argi |
| 晨 | 6668 | シン | あした とき あさ | Goiz, goiztiar |
| 暉 | 6689 | キ | かが.やく | Distira, argi |
| 曙 | 66D9 | ショ | あけぼの | Egunstenti |
| 朔 | 6714 | サク | ついたち | Lerrokatze (astronomia), hileko lehen eguna |
| 杜 | 675C | ト トウ ズ | もり ふさ.ぐ やまなし | Baso, zuhaizti |
| 柊 | 67CA | シュ シュウ | ひいらぎ | *Osmanthus heterophyllus* (gorosti faltsu) |
| 柚 | 67DA | ユ ユウ ジク | ゆず | Yuzu (*Citrus ichangensis × Citrus reticulata* bar. *austera*) |
| 柾 | 67FE |  | まさ まさめ まさき | Japoniar basaerramu (*Euonymus japonicus*) (kokuji) |
| 栞 | 681E | カン | しおり | Orri-markatzaile, gidaliburu |
| 梧 | 68A7 | ゴ | あおぎり | Aogiri (*Firmiana simplex*) |
| 椋 | 690B | リョウ | むく | Muku (*Aphananthe aspera*), *Spodiopsar cineraceus* |
| 椎 | 690E | ツイ スイ | つち う.つ | Haritz, mailu |
| 椰 | 6930 | ヤ | やし | Kokondo |
| 椿 | 693F | チン チュン | つばき | Japoniako kamelia (*Camellia japonica*) |
| 楊 | 6D8C | ヨウ | かわ やなぎ | Sahats |
| 榛 | 699B | シン ハン | はしばみ はり | Hur |
| 槻 | 69FB | キ | つき | *Zelkoba* (Zuhaitz generoa) |
| 樺 | 6A3A | カ | かば かんば | Urki |
| 檀 | 6A80 | ダン タン | わざ わざおぎ | Zedro, Sandalo zuri (*Euonymus hamiltonianus*) |
| 毬 | 6BEC | キュウ | いが まり | Pilota |
| 汀 | 6C40 | テイ | みぎわ なぎさ | Urertz, ibaiertz, erribera |
| 汰 | 6C70 | タ タイ | おご.る にご.る よな.げる | Luxu, aukeratu |
| 洲 | 6D32 | シュウ ス | しま | Kontinente, uharte |
| 湧 | 6E67 | ユウ ヨウ ユ | わ.く | Irakin, istilu, hazi |
| 滉 | 6EC9 | コウ | ひろ.い | Sakon eta Zabal |

 |

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 漱 | 6F31 | ソウ シュウ ス | くちすす.ぐ くちそそ.ぐ うがい すす.ぐ | Gargarak egin, ahoa garbitu |
| 澪 | 6FAA | レイ | みお | Ur ibilbide, garraio ubide |
| 熙 | 7199 | キ | たのし.む ひか.る ひろ.い よろこ.ぶ かわ.く あきらか ひろ.める ひろ.まる | Argi, eguzkitsu, oparo, zoriontsu |
| 燎 | 71CE | リョウ | かがりび | Sutzar, su |
| 燦 | 71E6 | サン | さん.たる あき.らか きらめ.く きら.めく | Distiratsu |
| 燿 | 71FF | ヨウ | かがや.く ひかり | Distira |
| 爽 | 723D | ソウ | あき.らか さわ.やか たがう | Freskagarri, bizigarri, burrunbatsu, gozo, argi |
| 玖 | 7396 | キュウ ク |  | Bitxi beltz ederra, bederatzi |
| 琳 | 7433 | リン |  | Bitxi, bitxien hotsa |
| 瑚 | 745A | コ ゴ |  | Koral |
| 瑳 | 7473 | サ | みが.く | Leundu |
| 皐 | 7690 | コウ | さつき | Zingira, urertz |
| 眉 | 7709 | ビ ミ | まゆ | Bekain |
| 瞭 | 77AD | ロ ル | あきらか | Argi |
| 碩 | 78A9 | セキ | おお.きい | Handi, sekulako, bikain |
| 秦 | 79E6 | シン | はた | Qin dinastia |
| 稀 | 7A00 | キ ケ | まれ まばら | Urri, aparteko, disolbatu (azidoa) |
| 稜 | 7A1C | リョウ ロウ | いつ かど | Angelu, ertz, izkina, botere, maiestate |
| 竣 | 7AE3 | ドウ シュン | わらわ わらべ おわ.る | Amaiera, bukatu |
| 笙 | 7B19 | ショウ ソウ | ふえ | Shō (haize instrumentua) |
| 紬 | 7D2C | チュウ | つむぎ つむ.ぐ | Tsumugi (Oihala) |
| 絃 | 7D43 | ゲン | いと | Soka, korda, shamisen batekin jotako abestia |
| 綜 | 7D9C | ソウ | おさ.める す.べる | Gobernatu |
| 綸 | 7DB8 | リン カン | いと | Hari, Zetazko ohiala |
| 綺 | 7DBA | キ | あや | Irudidun ohiala, eder |
| 耀 | 8000 | ヨウ | かがや.く ひかり | Distira, dirdira |
| 胡 | 80E1 | ウ コ ゴ | なんぞ | Barbaro, atzerritar |
| 舜 | 821C | シュン |  | Shun (legendazko Txinako enperadorea) |
| 芹 | 82B9 | キン | せり | Perrexil |
| 茄 | 8304 | カ |  | Alberjinia |
| 茅 | 8305 | ボウ ミョウ | かや ちがや | Kaya (Miristika japoniarra, *Torreya nucifera*) |
| 莞 | 839E | カン | い | Tatamia estaltzeko erabiltzen den kanabera |
| 菖 | 83DE | ショウ |  | Lirio |
| 菫 | 83EB | キン | すみれ | Sumire (Bioleta espezie bat, *Viola mandshurica*) |
| 蒔 | 8494 | シ ジ | う.える まく | Erein |
| 蒼 | 84BC | ソウ | あお.い | Urdin, zurbil |
| 蓮 | 84EE | レン | はす はちす | Uso-Belar |
| 蕉 | 8549 | ショウ |  | Banana |
| 衿 | 887F | キン コン | えり | Lepo, lepoko, |
| 袈 | 8888 | ケ カ |  | Ohial latz mota bat |
| 裟 | 88DF | サ シャ |  | Monje budisten Estola |
| 詢 | 8A62 | ジュン シュン | はか.る まこと | -ri galdetu |
| 誼 | 8ABC | ギ | よしみ よい | Adiskidetasun, intimitate |
| 諄 | 8AC4 | シュン | ひちくど.い くど.い くどくど ねんご.ろ | Gogaikarri |
| 邑 | 9091 | ユウ | うれ.える くに むら | Herrixka, landa-komunitatea, 163. kanji [[Zerrenda:Kanji erroak|erroa] |
| 醇 | 9187 | ジュン シュン | もっぱら こい あつい | Sake puru, purutasun, maitasun |
| 采 | 91C7 | サイ | と.る いろどり | Dado, forma, itxura, hartu, koloreztatu |
| 雛 | 96DB | スウ ス ジュ | ひな ひよこ | Txita, usakume, ahatekume, panpin |
| 鞠 | 97A0 | キク キュウ | まり | Pilota |
| 颯 | 98AF | サツ ソウ | さっ.と | Bat-bateko, azkar, haizearen soinua |
| 魁 | 9B41 | カイ | さきがけ かしら | Leporatu, egotzi |
| 鳳 | 9CF3 | ホウ フウ |  | Txori mitico (fenix) ar |
| 鴻 | 9D3B | コウ | おおとり ひしくい | Ekialdeko zikonia (*[[Ciconia boyciana*) |
| 鵬 | 9D6C | ホウ | おおとり | Fenix |
| 麟 | 9E9F | リン |  | Qilin (Adarbakar txinatarra), jirafa, jenio, distiratsu |
| 黎 | 9ECE | レイ リ | くろ.い | Ilun, beltz, anitz |
| 黛 | 9EDB | タイ | まゆずみ | Belzturiko betileak |

 |

### 1997ko abenduak 3

Laugarren zuzenketa. Karaktere bakar bat gehitu zen, 285 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karakterea

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 琉 | 7409 | リュウ ル |  | Harribitxi, lapis lazuli |

### 2004ko otsailak 23

Bostgarren zuzenketa. Karaktere bakar bat gehitu zen, 286 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karakterea

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 曽 | 66FD | ソウ ソ ゾウ | かつ かつて すなわち | Beinhola, behin, lehen, inoiz, inoiz ez, sekula, ohi |

### 2004ko ekainak 7

Seigarren zuzenketa. Karaktere bakar bat gehitu zen, 287 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karakterea

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 獅 | 7345 | シ | しし | Lehoi |

### 2004ko uztailak 12

Zazpigarren zuzenketa. Hiru karaktere gehitu ziren, 290 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karaktereak

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 毘 | 6BD8 | ヒ ビ | たす.ける | Lagundu, sorotsi |
| 瀧 | 7027 | ロウ ソウ | たき | Ur-jauzi |

 |

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 駕 | 99D5 | カ ガ | かご が.する しのぐ のる | Ibilgailu, palankin, animali batean igo |

 |

### 2004ko irailak 27

Zortzigarren zuzenketa. 2004ko ekainaren 11n Justizia Ministeritzaren kontsulta-batzordeak *jinmeiyō kanji*en zerrendara 578 karaktere gehituko zirelaren berri eman zuen.

Horien artean, batzuk sarritan eskutak izan zuten gurasoek bere seme-alaben izenetan erabili ahal izateko; hala nola:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 雫 (*Shizuku*, "Ur tanta")
苺 (*Ichigo*, "marrubi")
遥 (*Haruka*, "urrun")
 | 煌 (*Akira*, "distira")
牙 (*Kiba*, "letagin") |

Beste karaktere batzuk proposatuak izan ziren, ez izenetan erabiltzeko ahaleragatik, baizik eta erabilera arruntakoak eta idatzi zein irakurtzeko errazak zirelako. Horien artean, eztabaiza sortarazi zuten karaktere batzuk zeuden, besteak beste:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 糞 (*Kuso*, "gorotz")
呪 (*Noroi*, "madarikazio")
 | 屍 (*Shikabane*, "gorpu")
癌 (*Gan*, "minbizi") |

578 karaktere horietatik 489 onartzeko zain utzi ziren, horien artean goian aipaturiko lauak. Batzordeak erabaki zuen bat iradokizunak hartzeko kontsulta-epe bat irekitzea. Iradokizunak Justizia Ministeritzaren webgunean jaso zitezkeen uztailaren 9a arte, karaktere berriak sartu edo kentzeko.

Uztailaren 23, kontseilu-batzordea bildu zen berriz erabaki bat hartzeko, eta karaktere polemikoen inguruan sortutako protestei erantzuna emanez, 9 karaktere kentzea erabaki zen. Alde batetik lehen aipaturiko 4 karaktereak eta bestetik hurrengo bostak:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 姦 (*Kashimashii*, "bortxaketa")
淫 (*Midara*, "lizun")
怨 (*Urami*, "erresumin")
 | 痔 (*Shimogasa*, "hemorroide")
妾 (*Sobame*, "ohaide") |

Beste 480 karaktereak kontsulta-epean mantendu ziren eta karaktere bat gehitzea erabaki zen:

掬 (*Kiku*, *Ura edan eskuekin*)

Abuztuaren 13an, kontsulta-batzordeak 79 karaktere kentzea erabaki zuen, horien artean:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 蔑 (*Betsu*, "barregarri")
膿 (*Umi*, "zome")
腫 (*Shu*, "tumore")
 | 娼 (*Shō*, "prostituta")
嘘 (*Uso*, "gezurra", "falsedad")
尻 (*Shiri*, "ipurdi") |

Irailaren 27an, Justizia Ministeritzak, familiar erregistroaren legean oinarrituz, zortzigarren zuzenketa burutu zuen, 488 karaktere gehituz *jinmeiyō kanji* zerrendara. Hortaz aparte, *jōyō kanji* eta *jinmeiyō kanji* zerrendaren 205 karaktereen forma tradizionalak onartu ziren, 1947 (*jōyō kanji*) eta 1981 (*jinmeiyō kanji*) urteetatik zaharkitutzat hartzen zirenak.

Zuzenketa hau gehiketa handiena izan zen *jinmeiyō kanji* zerrendari, 983 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karaktereak
Onartutako karaktere tradizionalak
### 2009ko apirilak 30

Hamargarren zuzenketa. Bi karaktere gehitu ziren, 985 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karaktereak

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 祷 | 7977 | トウ | いの.る いの.り まつ.る | Otoitz egin |
| 穹 | 7A79 | ク キュウ | あめ そら | Zeru |

### 2010eko azaroak 30

Hamaikagarren zuzenketa. Japoniako gobernuak Jōyō kanji zerrendara 196 karaktere gehitu zizkion. Horietatik 129 *Jinmeiyō kanji* izan ziren, herrialdeak eta prefekturak izendatzeko erabiltzen ziren 11 barne. Bestalde, *Jōyō kanji* zerrendatik kenduriko 5 karaktere *Jinmeiyō kanji* zerrendara gehitu ziren, 861 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Kenduriko karaktereak
串 伎 侶 俺 僅 冥 冶 凄 刹 勃 勾 匂 呂 唄 埼 堆 塞 塡 奈 妖 媛 宛 岡 崖 嵐 巾 弥 憧 戚 戴 拶 拭 挨 拳 捉 捻 斑 旦 旺 昧 曖 曽 枕 柵 柿 栃 桁 梗 梨 椅 椎 汎 沙 汰 湧 煎 熊 爪 爽 牙 玩 瑠 璃 瓦 畏 畿 眉 睦 瞳 瞭 稽 窟 箸 羨 肘 脇 腎 膳 臆 臼 舷 艶 芯 茨 葛 蓋 蔽 藤 藍 虎 虹 蜂 蜜 袖 裾 詣 詮 誰 諦 謎 貌 貼 蹴 遡 遜 那 酎 醒 采 釜 錦 鍋 鍵 鎌 闇 阜 阪 隙 韓 頃 須 頓 頰 餅 駒 鶴 鹿 麓 亀

Gehituriko karaktereak

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 勺 | 52FA | シャク |  | Shaku (unitatea) |
| 錘 | 9318 | スイ | つむ おもり | Pisu |
| 銑 | 9291 | セン | ずく | Arrabio (metalurgia) |
| 脹 | 8139 | チョウ | ふく・れる | Zabaldu, puztu, handitu |
| 匁 | 5301 |  | もんめ | Monme (dibisa) |

### 2015eko urtarrillak 7

Hamabigarren zuzenketa. Karaktere bakar bat gehitu zen, 862 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karakterea

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 巫 | 5DEB | フ | みこ かんなぎ | Sorgin, medium, miko (dontzeila) |

### 2017ko irailak 25

Hamahirugarren zuzenketa. Karaktere bakar bat gehitu zen, 863 karaktereko zerrenda osatuz.

Gehituriko karakterea

| **Kanji** | **Unicode** | On'yomi | Kun'yomi | **Esanahia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 渾 | 6E3E | コン・ゴン | にごる・すべて | Dena, uhertasun |

## Kodifikazio eta estandarrak

J*inmeiyō kanji* karaktereen bistaratzea JIS X 0213:2004 estandarrean ematen da. Unicode 3.1 baino bertsio zaharragoak ezin dituzte estandarraren kanji guztiak ikusiarazi, bereiziki karaktere tradizionalak; izan ere, karaktere horiek Unicoderen 2. planoan daude (20000-2FFFF). Unicoderen bertsio zaharrak ikusiarazi dezaketen kanjiak 0. planoan daude (0000-FFFF). Estandar horrek EUC-JIX-2004, ISO-2022-JP-2004 eta Shift-JIS-2004 kodifikazioak ere onartzen ditu.

## Ikus, gainera

* Japoniera

* *Kanji*
* *Tōyō kanji*

* Jōyō kanji
* *Kyōiku kanji*
* Kyūjitai

## Erreferentziak

## Kanpo estekak