# Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhind

**Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhind** on üks viiest algsest Nobeli auhinnast. Selle auhinna saaja otsustab Rootsi Kuninglik Meditsiiniinstituut (*Karolinska institutet*).

## Laureaadid

| Aasta | Auhinna saajad |
| --- | --- |
| 1901 | Emil Adolf von Behring |
| 1902 | Ronald Ross |
| 1903 | Niels Ryberg Finsen |
| 1904 | Ivan Pavlov |
| 1905 | Robert Koch |
| 1906 | Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal |
| 1907 | Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran |
| 1908 | Ilja Metšnikov, Paul Ehrlich |
| 1909 | Emil Theodor Kocher |
| 1910 | Albrecht Kossel |
| 1911 | Allvar Gullstrand |
| 1912 | Alexis Carrel |
| 1913 | Charles Robert Richet |
| 1914 | Robert Bárány |
| 1919 | Jules Bordet |
| 1920 | Schack August Steenberg Krogh |
| 1922 | Archibald Vivian Hill, Otto Fritz Meyerhof |
| 1923 | Frederick Banting, John James Richard Macleod |
| 1924 | Willem Einthoven |
| 1926 | Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger |
| 1927 | Julius Wagner-Jauregg |
| 1928 | Charles Jules Henri Nicolle |
| 1929 | Christiaan Eijkman, Frederick Gowland Hopkins |
| 1930 | Karl Landsteiner |
| 1931 | Otto Heinrich Warburg |
| 1932 | Charles Scott Sherrington, Edgar Douglas Adrian |
| 1933 | Thomas Hunt Morgan |
| 1934 | George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy |
| 1935 | Hans Spemann |
| 1936 | Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi |
| 1937 | Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt |
| 1938 | Corneille Jean François Heymans |
| 1939 | Gerhard Domagk |
| 1943 | Henrik Carl Peter Dam, Edward Adelbert Doisy |
| 1944 | Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser |
| 1945 | Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Howard Walter Florey |
| 1946 | Hermann Joseph Muller |
| 1947 | Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Theresa Cori, Bernardo Alberto Houssay |
| 1948 | Paul Hermann Müller |
| 1949 | Walter Rudolf Hess, Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz |
| 1950 | Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeusz Reichstein, Philip Showalter Hench |
| 1951 | Max Theiler |
| 1952 | Selman Abraham Waksman |
| 1953 | Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann |
| 1954 | John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins |
| 1955 | Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell |
| 1956 | André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson Woodruff Richards |
| 1957 | Daniel Bovet |
| 1958 | George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg |
| 1959 | Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg |
| 1960 | Frank MacFarlane Burnet, Peter Brian Medawar |
| 1961 | Georg von Békésy |
| 1962 | Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins |
| 1963 | John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley |
| 1964 | Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen |
| 1965 | François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod |
| 1966 | Peyton Rous, Charles Brenton Huggins |
| 1967 | Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald |
| 1968 | Robert Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall Nirenberg |
| 1969 | Max Delbrück, Alfred Hershey, Salvador Luria |
| 1970 | Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod |
| 1971 | Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr. |
| 1972 | Gerald Edelman, Rodney Porter |
| 1973 | Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen |
| 1974 | Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George Palade |
| 1975 | David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin |
| 1976 | Baruch Blumberg, Carleton Gajdusek |
| 1977 | Roger Guillemin, Andrzej Schally, Rosalyn Yalow |
| 1978 | Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton Smith |
| 1979 | Allan Cormack, Godfrey Hounsfield |
| 1980 | Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George Snell |
| 1981 | Roger Sperry, David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel |
| 1982 | Sune Bergström, Bengt Samuelsson, John Vane |
| 1983 | Barbara McClintock |
| 1984 | Niels Kaj Jerne, Georges Köhler, César Milstein |
| 1985 | Michael Stuart Brown, Joseph Goldstein |
| 1986 | Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini |
| 1987 | Susumu Tonegawa |
| 1988 | James Black, Gertrude Elion, George Hitchings |
| 1989 | Michael Bishop, Harold Varmus |
| 1990 | Joseph Murray, Edward Donnall Thomas |
| 1991 | Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann |
| 1992 | Edmond Fischer, Edwin Krebs |
| 1993 | Richard Roberts, Phillip Sharp |
| 1994 | Alfred Gilman, Martin Rodbell |
| 1995 | Edward Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric Wieschaus |
| 1996 | Peter Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel |
| 1997 | Stanley Prusiner |
| 1998 | Robert Furchgott, Louis Ignarro, Ferid Murad |
| 1999 | Günter Blobel |
| 2000 | Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric Kandel |
| 2001 | Leland Hartwell, Timothy Hunt, Paul Nurse |
| 2002 | Sydney Brenner, Robert Horvitz, John Sulston |
| 2003 | Paul Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield |
| 2004 | Richard Axel, Linda Buck |
| 2005 | Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren |
| 2006 | Andrew Fire, Craig C. Mello |
| 2007 | Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies |
| 2008 | Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier |
| 2009 | Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, Jack Szostak |
| 2010 | Robert Edwards |
| 2011 | Bruce Beutler, Jules Hoffmann, Ralph Steinman |
| 2012 | John Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka |
| 2013 | James Rothman, Randy Schekman, Thomas Südhof |
| 2014 | John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, Edvard Moser |
| 2015 | William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura, Tu Youyou |
| 2016 | Yoshinori Ōsumi |
| 2017 | Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, Michael W. Young |
| 2018 | James P. Allison, Tasuku Honjo |
| 2019 | William Kaelin, Peter Ratcliffe, Gregg Semenza |
| 2020 | Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton, Charles M. Rice |
| 2021 | David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian |
| 2022 | Svante Pääbo |
| 2023 | Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman |
| 2024 | Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun |
| 2025 | Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi |

## Viited

## Välislingid

* Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhinna koduleht
* Nobeli meditsiinipreemia ümber lahvatas korruptsiooniskandaal Postimees, 19. detsember 2008
* Evelyn Kaldoja. Nobeli preemiate kohal laiutavad korruptsioonivarjud Postimees, 20. detsember 2008
* []