# Krismas

| Christmas |
| --- |
| Nativity scene depicted using Christmas lights |
| Lohowon nogi sabaagi | Noël, Nativity, Koleda, Xmas |
| Observed by | Christians, many non-Christians |
| kawo | Christian, cultural, international |
| Kapansalan | Commemoration of the nativity of Jesus |
| Kapanaandakan | Gift-giving, family and other social gatherings, symbolic decoration, feasting |
| Observances | Church services |
| Tadauwulan | * December 25 (Western Christianity and part of the Eastern churches)
* January 6 (Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Evangelical Church)
* January 7 (O.S. December 25) (most Oriental Orthodox and part of the Eastern Orthodox churches)
* January 19 (O.S. January 6) (Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem)
 |
| Mionit do | Christmastide, Christmas Eve, Advent, Annunciation, Epiphany, Baptism of the Lord, Nativity Fast, Nativity of Christ, Old Christmas, Yule, St. Stephen's Day, Boxing Day |

**Krismas** toi ko' **Tadau Natal** nopo nga karamayan monikid toun montok momuhondom kinosusuon di Jesus Kristus, i taandakon ontok 25 Momuhau sabaagi karamayan ugama om koubasanan do berbilion tulun pointongkop pomogunan. Oponsol o karamayan diti id suang toun liturgi do Kristian, i impuunan do musim Adven (mimpuun apat Tiwang pogulu Krismas) toi ko' Nativity Fast, om mongimpuun do musim Christmastide, i tumanud do sajara hilo id Barat, poindalanon solinaid hopod om duo tadau om gisom Twelfth Night. Tadau Krismas nopo nga koundarangan umum id kogumuan pogun, ramayon maya keugamaan do majoriti tutumanud Kristian, om maya koubasanan do tulun ginumuan i okon tutumanud Kristian, om nogi iso boogian oponsol id suang musim karamayan di monorili dau.

Susuyan tradisional krismas i pinosusui id suang Pibatasan Wagu, ointutunan sabaagi Kinosusuon di Jesus, poposusui do nosusu i Jesus hilo id Bethlehem, kopihuyud miampai nubuat-nubuat mesianik. Soira nokorikot i Santo Joseph om Maria hilo, aiso no linimput id walai dii, om nonuan yolo iso kandang id nombo nosusu i Tanak Kristu hiri. Pinoilo do tasab o gugumompi ngaawi do abal diti om sumusuhut pinaralad di gugumompi ii.

Kiwaa mogisuusuai hipotesis kokomoi tadauwulan kinosusuon di Jesus, om ontok koimpuunon abad kaapat, pinatatap do gereja o tadauwulan di ii no ontok 25 Momuhau. Tadauwulan nopo diti nga 9 tulan kalapas Annunciation ontok 25 Gomot, ii tadauwulan nogi do ekuinoks musim bunga. Kogumuan tulun Kristian mamaramai Tadau krismas ontok 25 Momuhau id suang Kalendar Gregory, i kogumuan notorimo om noguno miampai universal id suang kalendar sivil i gunoon do pugun-pogun pointongkop pomogunan. Sundung do ingkaa, mamaramai o soboogian mantad Gereja Kristian Timur do Krismas ontok 25 Momuhau tumanud Kalendar Julian laid, wi dinondo nopo nga kopihondot do & Milatok id suang kalendar Gregory. Otumbayaan o tutumanud Kristian do rinumikot o Kinorohingan id pomogunan doid bontuk tulun montok mongidu (menebus) douso tulun omm ii no tudu kopio karamayan do Krismas, om okon ko' montok do mongilo tadauwulan totopot kinosusuon di Jesus.

Adat resam nopo di mionit miampai Krismas id mogisuusuai pogun nga kiwaa piomungan tema om nontodon pra-Kristian, Kristian om sekular. Tradisi tadau koundarangan di ointutunan nopo nga kohompit no manahak tutungkap; momogonop kalendar Adven toi ko' kalungan Adven; Muzik Krismas om karoling; mintong do filim Krismas om drama Nativity; mogiolon-olon do kad Krismas; mampayat sambayang id gereja; taakanon ogingo; om popokito mogisuusuai ponginlumis Krismas, kohompit no puun Krismas, lampung Krismas, kopokitanan kinosusuon (nativity), kalungan bunga, mistletoe, om holly. Suai ko ii, kiwaa nogi piipiro figura i insaru pogiolon-olonon, ointutunan sabaagi Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Santo Nicholas, om Christkind, i mionit do manahak tutungkap kumaa tangaanak maso musim Krismas om kiwaa nogi tradisi sondii. Gama do kapanahakan tutungkap om ogumu po aspek suai id suang karamayan Krismas nopo nha popohompit do koingkawasan ekonomi, nosiliu nogi timpu dii ababayan oponsol om timpu kopobolian montok do pongindopuan. Mantad do piipiro abad nakatalib, nakaanu o Krismas manahak bagas ekonomi di mumang buru id kogumuan pogun doid pomogunan.

## Etimologi

Hogot Inggeris*Christmas* nopo nga bontuk otigas montok 'Christ's Mass'. Pinorekod o hogot diti sabaagi *Crīstesmæsse* ontok 1038 om *Cristes-messe* ontok 1131. *Crīst* (bontuk genitif *Crīstes*) nopo nga mantad hogot Yunani Χριστός (*Khrīstos*, 'Christ'),kodolinan mantad hogot Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ‎ (*Māšîaḥ*, 'Messiah'), i kirati 'anointed' (yang diurapi); om *mæsse* nopo nga mantad hogot Latin *missa*, ii no kosombutan Ekaristi.

Gunoon nogi o bontuk *Christenmas* ontok piipiro timpu pointantu, nga baino nopo om ii nopo kaka nga arkaik om dialektal. Tadon nopo istilah diti nga mantad boros Inggeris Pintangaan *Cristenmasse*, i kirati 'Christian mass' (misa Kristian). *Xmas* nopo nga koinibaan montok *Christmas* i koubasanan okito id cetakan, tumanud pimato timpuunon chi (Χ) id suang hogot Yunanai Χριστός, nga minamason o piipiro tapanai gaya do mongilag momoguno dii. haro o sukuon do koinibaan dii id suang boros Inggeris Pintangaan Χρ̄es masse (id nombo Χρ̄ nopo nga iso kawagu koinibaan montok hogot Yunani dii).

### Ngaran suai

Tadau karamayan nopo diti nga ointutunan maya mogikaakawo ngaran Inggeris solinaid sajara dau. Tulun Anglo-Saxons monuku do karamayan diti sabaagi "midwinter", toi ko', sumoonu, sabaagi *Nātiuiteð* (mantad boros Latin *nātīvitās* i kirati kinosusuon). *Nativity*, i kirati 'kinosusuon', nopo nga mantad boros Latin *nātīvitās*. Id suang boros Inggeris Kuno, *Gēola* ('Yule') nopo nga sumuku kumaa timpu di kopisudong miampai wulan Momuhau om Milatok, i piniagal miampai Krismas Kristian. 'Noel' ('Nowel' toi ko' 'Nowell', miagal id suang sinding "The First Nowell") nokosuang id boros Inggeris ontok kolimpupuson abad ko-14 om nontodon nopo nga mantad boros Perancis Laid *noël* toi ko' *naël*, om nogi mantad boros Latin *nātālis (diēs)* i kirati 'tadau kinosusuon'.

*Koleda* nopo nga ngaran tradisional Slavia montok Krismas om sumuku kumaa timpu mantad Krismas gisom Epifani, toi ko' miampai lobi umum, ritual-ritual Slavia i mionit miampai Krismas, tadon nopo piipiro dii nga mantad zaman pra-Kristian.

## Kinosusuon di Jesus (Nativity)

*Adoration of the Shepherds* (1622) karya Gerard van Honthorst i monginruai kinosusuon di Jesus
Injil Lukas om Matius monusui do nosusu i Jesus id Bethlehem di tina dau i Haahangai Maria. Id suang Injil Lukas, minamanau i Yusuf om Maria mantad Nazareth kumaa Bethlehem montok dumopitar id suang sensus, om nosusu i Jesus hilo om pinoiliu id suang do palungan. Minapahabar o tasab do Isio no o maamamasi ngaawi do tulun, om nokorikot tolu gugumompi mongoi samba disio. Id suang Injil Matius, sambalik dau (sebaliknya), tinumanud do rombituon o tolu tulun majus kuminaa doid Bethlehem montok manahak tutungkap kumaa di Jesus, i nosusu sabaagi raja tulun Yahudi. Minanahak i Raja Herodes do porinta mamatai oinsanan tangaanak kusai kiumul id siriba duo toun hilo id Bethlehem, nga minogidu o paganakan dii kumaa hilo Mesir om ginumuli kawagu hilo Nazareth.

## Intangai nogi

* Apollo 8 Genesis reading from lunar orbit, December 24, 1968
* Christmas in July
* Christmas Peace
* Christmas Sunday
* List of Christmas films
* List of Christmas novels
* Little Christmas
* Nochebuena
* Mithraism in comparison with other belief systems#25th of December
* Christmas by medium

## Nuut

## Sukuon

## Pambasaan potilombus

* Bowler, Gerry, *The World Encyclopedia of Christmas* (October 2004: McClelland & Stewart). ISBN 978-0-7710-1535-9
* Bowler, Gerry, *Santa Claus: A Biography* (November 2007: McClelland & Stewart). ISBN 978-0-7710-1668-4
* Comfort, David, *Just Say Noel: A History of Christmas from the Nativity to the Nineties* (November 1995: Fireside). ISBN 978-0-684-80057-8
* Count, Earl W., *4000 Years of Christmas: A Gift from the Ages* (November 1997: Ulysses Press). ISBN 978-1-56975-087-2
* Federer, William J., *There Really Is a Santa Claus: The History of St. Nicholas & Christmas Holiday Traditions Archived Momuhau 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine* (December 2002: Amerisearch). ISBN 978-0-9653557-4-2
* Kelly, Joseph F., *The Origins of Christmas Archived Momuhau 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine* (August 2004: Liturgical Press). ISBN 978-0-8146-2984-0
* Miles, Clement A., *Christmas Customs and Traditions Archived Momuhau 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine* (1976: Dover Publications). ISBN 978-0-486-23354-3
* Nissenbaum, Stephen, *The Battle for Christmas* (1996; New York: Vintage Books, 1997). ISBN 0-679-74038-4
* Restad, Penne L. (1995). *Christmas in America: A History*. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509300-1.
* Rosenthal, Jim, *St. Nicholas: A Closer Look at Christmas* (July 2006: Nelson Reference). ISBN 1-4185-0407-6
* Sammons, Peter (Mikat 2006). *The Birth of Christ*. Glory to Glory Publications (UK). ISBN 978-0-9551790-1-3.
* "Christmas" . *Encyclopædia Britannica* (id boros Inggilis). Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 293–294.
* Martindale, Cyril (1908). "Christmas" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). *Catholic Encyclopedia*. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

## Noputan labus

* Christmas collection at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History
* *Christmas: Its Origin and Associations*, by William Francis Dawson, 1902, from Project Gutenberg
* *Christmas: its origin, celebration and significance as related in prose and verse*, by Robert Haven Schauffler, 1907