# NASA

NASA|  |
|  |
| Enghraifft o: | asiantaeth ofod, independent agency of the United States government  |
| Dechrau/Sefydlu | 29 Gorffennaf 1958  |
| Perchennog | Llywodraeth Ffederal yr Unol Daleithiau  |
| Pennaeth y sefydliad | Administrator of NASA  |
|  |
| Sylfaenydd | Dwight D. Eisenhower, Cyngres yr Unol Daleithiau  |
| Rhagflaenydd | Pwyllgor Cynghori Cenedlaethol ar Awyrennau  |
| Aelod o'r  canlynol | ORCID, International Astronautical Federation, Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee, Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, Open Geospatial Consortium, DataCite – International Data Citation Initiative e.V.  |
| Gweithwyr | 18,000  |
| Isgwmni/au | Glenn Research Center, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Canolfan Ymchwil Langley, Canolfan Teithio'r Gofod, Marshall, Sefydliad Gwyddoniaeth Telesgop y Gofod, John C. Stennis Space Center, Canolfan Ofod Kennedy, Shared Services Center, NASA Astrobiology Institute, Utah Space Grant Consortium, Indiana Space Grant Consortium, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Idaho Space Grant Consortium, Iowa Space Grant Consortium, Louisiana Space Consortium, Oregon Space Grant Consortium, Alabama Space Grant Consortium, Texas Space Grant Consortium, Arkansas Space Grant Consortium, Connecticut Space Grant Consortium, Washington Space Grant Consortium, Florida Space Grant Consortium, Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, Planetary Data System, NExScI, Armstrong Flight Research Center, Michoud Assembly Facility, Wallops Flight Facility, National Space Science and Technology Center, Arizona Space Grant Consortium, California Space Grant Consortium, North Carolina Space Grant Consortium, Georgia Space Grant Consortium, Illinois Space Grant Consortium, Kansas Space Grant Consortium, Kentucky Space Grant Consortium, Maryland Space Grant Consortium, Michigan Space Grant Consortium, Mississippi Space Grant Consortium, Montana Space Grant Consortium, Nebraska Space Grant Consortium, Nevada Space Grant Consortium, Delaware Space Grant Consortium, New Jersey Space Grant Consortium, New York Space Grant Consortium, North Dakota Space Grant Consortium, Ohio Space Grant Consortium, Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium, Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium, Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium, Rhode Island Space Grant Consortium, South Carolina Space Grant Consortium, South Dakota Space Grant Consortium, Vermont Space Grant Consortium, West Virginia Space Grant Consortium, Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium, Wyoming Space Grant Consortium, NASA Research Park, Land-Cover & Land-Use Change Program, Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems, Goddard Space Flight Center, Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research, Canolfan Ymchwil Ames, Labordy Propulsion Jet, NASA Office of Inspector General, Virginia Space Grant Consortium, Aviation Safety Reporting System, Nexus for Exoplanet System Science, NASA History Program Office, NASA Engineering and Safety Center, Science Mission Directorate, Space Technology Mission Directorate, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, Space Operations Mission Directorate  |
| Rhiant sefydliad | Llywodraeth Ffederal yr Unol Daleithiau  |
| Pencadlys | Washington  |
| Enw brodorol | National Aeronautics and Space Administration  |
| Gwladwriaeth | Unol Daleithiau America  |
| Gwefan |   |
| Dynodwyr |
| Freebase | /M/05f4p  |
|  Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia |

Cafodd **NASA** (sef: National Aeronautics and Space Administration) ei sefydlu ym 1958 er mwyn creu corff i reoli rhaglen gofod yr Unol Daleithiau. Lleolwyd ei bencadlys yn Houston, Texas, er y ffaith bod y rhan fwyaf o'i rocedi yn cael eu lawnsio o Cape Canaveral yn Florida a lleoliadau eraill yn UDA.

## Gofodwyr yn y gofod

Cafodd y gofodwyr Americanaidd cyntaf eu lansio gan rocedi Mercury, Atlas, Titan a Saturn yn y 1960au; daeth yr adran hon o'r 'Space Race' i ben ym 1969, pan lwyddodd Neil Armstrong a Buzz Aldrin i lanio ar y Lleuad yn y modiwl lloerol, Yr Eryr. Gwelwyd hyn fel llwyddiant propaganda mawr gan yr Unol Daleithiau yn ystod y Rhyfel Oer.

Ym 1973, lansiodd NASA orsaf ofod gyntaf America, sef Skylab. Ymwelodd criw o dri â'r orsaf rhwng 1973 a 1974, gan dreulio eu hamser yn defnyddio telesgop i dynnu lluniau o'r ddaear, a gwneud arbrofion.

Ym 1981, cafodd y wennol ofod gyntaf, *Columbia*, ei lansio. Adeiladwyd 4 o wenoliaid i gychwyn, ond ar ôl colled *Challenger* mewn damwain ym 1986, penderfynwyd adeiladu un arall, *Endeavour*. Cafodd *Columbia* ei ddinistrio yn 2003.

## Chwiliedyddion gofod

Mae NASA wedi bod yn gyfrifol hefyd am anfon chwiliedyddion gofod i fforio sawl planed yng Nghysawd yr Haul, gan gynnwys Viking 1 a 2 (1976-9; Mawrth); Pioneer 10 a Pioneer 11 (1972-; Iau a Sadwrn); Galileo (1989-2003; Iau); ac eraill.

## Cyfeiriadau

* Fernand Verger ac eraill, *The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Space: Missions, Applications and Exploration* (Caergrawnt, 2003).