# Ail iaith

Bwrdd du mewn dosbarth yn Harvard yn dangos ymdrechion myfyrwyr i osod y didolnod a'r acen lem a ddefnyddir mewn orgraff Sbaeneg.
Iaith a siaredir yn ogystal ag iaith gyntaf (L1) yw **ail iaith** (**L2**). Gall yr ail iaith fod yn iaith gyfagos, yn iaith arall o wlad enedigol y siaradwr, neu'n iaith dramor.

Nid yw iaith ddominyddol siaradwr, sef yr iaith y mae siaradwr yn ei defnyddio fwyaf neu'n fwyaf cyfforddus â hi, yn iaith gyntaf i'r person hwnnw o reidrwydd. Er enghraifft, mae cyfrifiad Canada yn diffinio iaith gyntaf drwy ofyn "Beth yw'r iaith a **ddysgodd y person hwn gartref gyntafyn ystod plentyndod** ac **y mae'n dal i'w deall**?", gan gydnabod y gallai'r iaith gynharaf gael ei cholli gan rai, proses a elwir yn athreuliad iaith. Gall hyn ddigwydd pan fydd plant ifanc yn dechrau yn yr ysgol neu'n symud i amgylchedd iaith newydd.

## Nodiadau a chyfeiriadau

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