# Ostralya

**Commonwealth of Australia**|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Bandera
 | Sagisag
 |

 |
| Nasodnong Awit: *Advance Australia Fair* |
| Lokasyon sa Australya |
| **Kapital** | Canberra 35°18′ S 149°08′ E |
| **Kinadak-ang dakbayan** | Sydney |
| **Opisyal nga (mga) pinulongan** | Ingles (*de facto* ) |
| **Gobyerno** | Parliamentary democracy (federal constitutional monarchy) |
|  - Monarch | Queen Elizabeth II |
|  - Governor-General | Sir Peter Cosgrove |
|  - Prime Minister | Malcolm Turnbull |
| **Independence** | from the United Kingdom  |
|  - Constitution | 1 January 1901  |
|  - Statute of Westminster | 11 December 1931 (adopted 9 September 1939)  |
|  - Australia Act | 3 March 1986  |
| **Arya** |   |
|  - Katibuk-an | 7,741,220 km² (6th) |
|   | 2,988,888 sq mi  |
| **Populasyon** |   |
|  - 2007 | 21,050,000 (53rd) |
|  - Sensus sa 2006 | 19,855,288 |
|  - Densidad | 2.6/km² (224th) 6.7/sq mi  |
| **GDP** (PPP) | Banabana sa 2007 |
|  - Katibuk-an | US$718.4 billion (IMF) (17th) |
|  - Per capita | US$34,359 (IMF) (14th) |
| **HDI** (2004) | 0.957 (3rd) – high |
| **Kwarta** | Australian dollar (`AUD`) |
| **Sona sa oras** | various (UTC+8 to +10.5) |
|  - Summer (DST) | various (UTC+8 to +11.5) |
| **Internet TLD** | .au |
| **Kodigong pangtawag** | `+61` |

Ang **Komonwelt sa Ostralya** usa sa mga nasod sa Habagatang Hemisper. Kini gitibuok sa kontinente sa samang ngalan ug sa pipila ka pulo sa Habagatang Kadagatan, Kadagatang Indiyan ug Kadatang Pasipiko. Ang kapital niini mao ang Canberra. Silingan sa Ostralya ang mga nasod nga Papua New Guinea, Sidlakang Timor, Indonesia, New Zealand, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, ug New Caledonia. Usa kini ka megadiverse nga nasud, ug ang gidak-on niini naghatag niini og lain-laing mga talan-awon ug klima lakip na ang mga desyerto sa interior ug tropikal nga rainforest sa daplin sa baybayon.

Ang Australia maoy pederal nga parliamentaryong demokrasya ug konstitusyonal nga monarkiya nga naglangkob sa unom ka estado ug napulo ka teritoryo. Ang populasyon niini nga hapit 28 milyon labi ka urbanisado ug labi nga nagkonsentrar sa silangang baybayon, labi na sa Sydney ug Melbourne. Ang ubang dagkong mga siyudad naglakip sa Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, ug Cairns.

## Dugang Impormasyon

1. Gillespie, R. (2002). Dating the first Australians. *Radiocarbon* 44:455-472
2. Smith, L. (1980), The Aboriginal Population of Australia, Australian National University Press, Canberra
3. Tatz, C. (1999). *Genocide in Australia Gi-arkibo 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine*, AIATSIS Research Discussion Papers No 8, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra
4. Windschuttle, K. (2001). *The Fabrication of Aboriginal History*, The New Criterion Vol. 20, No. 1, September 20.
5. Bean, C. Ed. (1941). Volume I - The Story of Anzac: the first phase Gi-arkibo 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine, First World War Official Histories 11th Edition.
6. Australian Electoral Commission (2000). 1999 Referendum Reports and Statistics
7. Parliamentary Library (1997). The Reserve Powers of the Governor-General Gi-arkibo 2010-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
8. Australian Government. (2005). Budget 2005-2006
9. Department of the Environment and Heritage. About Biodiversity
10. Macfarlane, I. J. (1998). Australian Monetary Policy in the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century. *Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin*, October
11. Parham, D. (2002). Microeconomic reforms and the revival in Australia’s growth in productivity and living standards. *Conference of Economists*, Adelaide, 1 October
12. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Labour Force Australia. Cat#6202
13. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Year Book Australia 2005
14. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2003). *Advancing the National Interest*, Appenidix 1
15. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population Growth - Australia’s Population Growth
16. Department of Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affiars. (2005). The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy Gi-arkibo 2006-02-19 at the Wayback Machine
17. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2001 Census, A Snapshot of Australia Gi-arkibo 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
18. Parliament of Australia, Senate (2005). Inquiry into Australian Expatriates Gi-arkibo 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
19. NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance, National Church Life Survey, Media release, 28 February 2004
20. Australian Film Commission. What are Australians Watching?, Free-to-Air, 1999-2004 TV Gi-arkibo 2006-11-29 at the Wayback Machine

## Mga sumpay sa gawas

 Ang medya nga may kalabotan sa Ostralya sa Wikimedia Commons

* Giya sa pagbiyahe sa Australia gikan sa Wikivoyage
* Australian Government Entry Portal
* Australian Government Online
* DFAT: Country Information Gi-arkibo 2005-01-10 at the Wayback Machine
* Satellite images of Australia (Google Maps)
* National Library of Australia
* National Museum of Australia
* Official Australia Tourism Website
* Bureau of Meteorology
* Australia Network tv channel (cable & satellite) (Ininglis)