# Eukarioti

| Eukarioti |
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| Eukarioti i neki primjeri njihove raznolikosti
* Život

**Domen**: Eukaryota |
| Sistematika |

**Eukarioti** (grč. εὖ - *eu* = pravi + κάρυον - *karyon* = jezgro) su organizmi odnosno ćelije kod kojih je nasljedni materijal smješten u jedru obavijenom posebnom jedarnon membranom. U eukariotskoj ćeliji razvile su se i brojne ćelijske organele kojih nema kod prokariotskih organizama, među kojima su: endoplazmatski retikulum, Golđijev aparat, lizozomi i dr.

Eukarioti pripadaju taksonu *Eukarya* ili *Eukaryota*. Oni se mogu reproducirati i aseksualno putem mitoze i seksualno putem mejoze i spajanja gameta. U mitozi, od jedne ćelije dijeljenjem nastaju dvije genetički identične ćelije. U mejozi, nakon replikacije DNK slijede dva kruga podjele ćelije za proizvodnju četiri kćeri ćelije, od kojih je svaka sa polovinom broja hromosoma u odnosu na originalnu roditeljsku ćeliju (nastaju haploidne ćelije). One djeluju kao spolne ćelije (gameti – svaki gamet ima samo jedan iz svakog para hromosoma, svaki je jedinstvena genetička kombinacija odgovarajućeg para roditeljskih hromosoma). To je rezultat genetičke rekombinacije tokom mejoze.

Genetička divergencija eukariota od prvog drevnog zajedničkog pretka do sadašnjosti
Domen Eukaryota je monofiletski i čini jedan od tri domena života. Ostala dva, Bacteria i Archaea, su prokarioti i nemaju pomenuta svojstva. Eukarioti predstavljaju malu manjinu svih živih bića. Međutim, zbog mnogo veće količine, u ukupnoj količini biomase na Zemlji, procjenjuje se da su izjednačeni sa prokariotima. Prvi eukarioti pojavili su se prije približno oko 1,6–2,1 milijarde godina (tokom eona proterozoik).

## Filogenija

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| **Eukaryota**  |

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| Bikonta  |

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Rhizaria |
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Excavata |
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| Corticata |

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| Plantae |

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Glaucophyta |
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Rhodophyta |
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Viridiplantae |
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| Chromalveolata |

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Alveolata |
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| Chromista |

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Haptophyta |
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Cryptophyta |
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Heterokonta |
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|  Unikonta  |

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Apusozoa |
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Amoebozoa |
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| Opisthokonta |

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Choanozoa |
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Fungi |
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Animalia |
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## Također pogledajte

* Prokarioti

## Reference

## Vanjski linkovi