# সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ

| সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ সময়গত পরিসীমা: প্রাক- ক্রিটাশিয়াস -বর্তমান
প্রাকЄ
Є
অ
সি
ডে
কা
পা
ট্রা
জু
ক্রি
প্যা
ন
 |
| --- |
| Terrestrial: buttercupজলজ:শাপলাWind-pollinated: ঘাসInsect-pollinated: appleগাছ: oakForb: অর্কিডসপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদের বৈচিত্র্য |
| বৈজ্ঞানিক শ্রেণীবিন্যাস  |
| জগৎ/রাজ্য: | প্লান্টি (Plante) |
| *গোষ্ঠী*: | স্পার্মেটোফাইটস |
| *গোষ্ঠী*: | **সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ** |
| Groups (APG IV) |
|
Basal angiosperms
* Amborellales
* Nymphaeales
* Austrobaileyales

Core angiosperms
* Clades
	+ ম্যাগনোলিডস
	+ একবীজপত্রী
	+ আদর্শ দ্বিবীজপত্রী উদ্ভিদ
* Orders
	+ Chloranthales
	+ Ceratophyllales
 |
| প্রতিশব্দ |
| * Anthophyta Cronquist
* অ্যানজিওস্পার্মি Lindl.
* ম্যাগনোলিওফাইটাCronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.
* Magnolicae Takht.
 |

সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ
যে সকল উদ্ভিদে ফুল হয় তাদের **সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ** বলে। এছাড়াও এরা **আবৃতবীজী উদ্ভিদ** নামেও পরিচিত। যেসকল উদ্ভিদে ফল হয় এবং বীজ ফলের অভ্যন্তরে থাকে সে সব উদ্ভিদই আবৃতবীজী উদ্ভিদ বলে। ফল সৃষ্টি হয় ফুলের গর্ভাশয় থেকে, তাই 'আবৃতবীজী উদ্ভিদ' এবং 'সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ' সমার্থক।

এদের ফুল হয় আর এই ফুলের মাধ্যমে তারা বংশবৃদ্ধি করে। এই ফুলে সাধারণত বৃতি, দল ও গর্ভাশয় থাকে। গর্ভাশয়ের মধ্যে ডিম্বক সজ্জিত থাকে। পরাগায়নের পর ফুলের অন্যান্য অংশ পরে যায় শুধু গর্ভাশয় থেকে যায়। এই গর্ভাশয় বড় হয়ে ফলে পরিণত হয়। ফলের মধ্যে ডিম্বকগুলো বীজে পরিণত হয়। সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদগুলোতে উন্নত ধরনের পরিবহন কলা থাকে। এ জন্য এরা কাঠ প্রদানকারী উদ্ভিদ। সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদকে একবীজপত্রী ও দ্বিবীজপত্রী উদ্ভিদ হিসেবে ভাগ করা যায়। সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ হতে প্রাপ্ত কাঠ, ফুল, ফল মানুষ এর বিভিন্ন কাজে লাগে। সকল উদ্ভিদের মধ্যে সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ সর্বোন্নত উদ্ভিদ।

## জাতিজনি

জীবিত সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদসমুহের নাম:

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| **সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ** |

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Amborellales  1 sp. New Caledonia shrub |
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Nymphaeales  c. 80 spp. water lilies & allies |
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Austrobaileyales  c. 100 spp. woody plants |
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ম্যাগনোলিডস c. 10,000 spp. 3-part flowers, 1-pore pollen, usu. branch-veined leaves |
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Chloranthales  77 spp. Woody, apetalous |
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একবীজপত্রী  c. 70,000 spp. 3-part flowers, 1 বীজপত্র, 1-pore pollen, usu. parallel-veined leaves   |
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Ceratophyllales  c. 6 spp. aquatic plants |
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আদর্শ দ্বিবীজপত্রী  c. 175,000 spp. 4- or 5-part flowers, 3-pore pollen, usu. branch-veined leaves |
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Basal angiosperms
Core angiosperms |

| সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদের সুবিস্তারিত জাতিজনির Cladogram (2016 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) IV classification). |
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| **সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ** |

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Amborellales Melikyan, Bobrov & Zaytzeva 1999 |
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Nymphaeales Salisbury ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Austrobaileyales Takhtajan ex Reveal 1992 |
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| Mesangiosperms |

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Chloranthales Mart. 1835 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ম্যাগনোলিডস |

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Canellales Cronquist 1957 |
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Piperales von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Magnoliales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Laurales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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| একবীজপত্রী |

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অ্যাকোরালস Link 1835 |
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আলিসমাটালেস Brown ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Petrosaviales Takhtajan 1997 |
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Dioscoreales Brown 1835 |
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Pandanales Brown ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Liliales Perleb 1826 |
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Asparagales Link 1829 |
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| Commelinids |

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Arecales Bromhead 1840 |
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Poales Small 1903 |
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Zingiberales Grisebach 1854 |
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Commelinales de Mirbel ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Ceratophyllales Link 1829 |
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| আদর্শ দ্বিবীজপত্রী |

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Ranunculales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Proteales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Trochodendrales Takhtajan ex Cronquist 1981 |
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Buxales Takhtajan ex Reveal 1996 |
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| Core eudicots |

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Gunnerales Takhtajan ex Reveal 1992 |
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Dilleniales de Candolle ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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| Superrosids |

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Saxifragales von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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| Rosids |

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Vitales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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| Fabids |

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Zygophyllales Link 1829 |
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Celastrales Link 1829 |
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Oxalidales von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Malpighiales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Fabales Bromhead 1838 |
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Rosales von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Cucurbitales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Fagales Engler 1892 |
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| (eurosids I) |
| Malvids |

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Geraniales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Myrtales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Crossosomatales Takhtajan ex Reveal 1993 |
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Picramniales Doweld 2001 |
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Sapindales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Huerteales Doweld 2001 |
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Malvales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Brassicales Bromhead 1838 |
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| (eurosids II) |

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| Superasterids |

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Berberidopsidales Doweld 2001 |
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Santalales Brown ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Caryophyllales |
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| Asterids |

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Cornales Link 1829 |
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Ericales von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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| Lamiids |

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Icacinales Van Tieghem 1900 |
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Metteniusales Takhtajan 1997 |
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Garryales Mart. 1835 |
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Gentianales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Solanales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Boraginales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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Vahliales Doweld 2001 |
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Lamiales Bromhead 1838 |
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| (euasterids I) |
| Campanulids |

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Aquifoliales Senft 1856 |
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Escalloniales Mart. 1835 |
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Asterales Link 1829 |
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Bruniales Dumortier 1829 |
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Apiales Nakai 1930 |
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Paracryphiales Takhtajan ex Reveal 1992 |
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Dipsacales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820 |
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| (euasterids II) |

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## আরো দেখুন

* উদ্ভিদ
* গুল্ম
* অপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ
* আবৃতবীজী উদ্ভিদ
* দ্বিবীজপত্রী উদ্ভিদ

## তথ্যসূত্র

## বহিঃসংযোগ

* উইকিমিডিয়া কমন্সে সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ সম্পর্কিত মিডিয়া দেখুন।
* উইকিপ্রজাতিতেসপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ সম্পর্কিত তথ্য।